Fleet Weather Center Norfolk 1
Enlisted Information Dominance
Warfare Specialist (EIDWS)
Common Core
109 Communications
Fleet Weather Center Norfolk 2
EIDWS Common Core 109 Communications
• References:
– NTP 4(E), Fleet Communications
– NTP 3(K)
– www.navy.mil/navydata/policy/seapower/SNE10/sne10-all
– DISAC 310-130-1
– NAG-16F/TSEC
– NTTP 3-54M
– CJCSI 3320.02D
– Electronic Key Management System (EKMS-1)
– APP-7(D) Joint Brevity Words Publication
Fleet Weather Center Norfolk 3
EIDWS Common Core 109 Communications
• Discuss the purpose of a Red Cross message:
– In order to ensure rapid delivery, up to IMMEDIATE precedence may be assigned to
AMCROSS messages concerning death or serious illness. Additionally, EFTO
markings should not be applied to AMCROSS traffic, because such action incurs
excessive delays and results in needless manual handling. AMCROSS messages
contain information very personal to the intended recipient. Therefore,
communications personnel will not discuss the contents of such a message with
anyone and will limit the message distribution to the executive officer or an
appointed alternate only. Local command policy will dictate filing procedures for
AMCROSS messages.
Fleet Weather Center Norfolk 4
EIDWS Common Core 109 Communications
• Describe the following systems and state their function:
• ADNS– Automated Digital Networking System. The primary function of the
ADNS is to connect navy shipboard networks to other ship and shore networks
for transferring Internet Protocol (IP) data of various classification levels.
• CUDIXS– COMMON USER DIGITAL INFORMATION EXCHANGE SUBSYSTEM
consists of the following hardware: computer (AN/UYK-20), video display unit,
printer replacement program (PRP) computer, and computer/satellite interface
unit. Up to sixty subscribers per CUDIXS suite have the capability to both send
and receive narrative message traffic. Each subscriber can send and receive
Operator-to-Operator (OTO) orderwire type messages in free form and up to
eighty characters in length.
Fleet Weather Center Norfolk 5
EIDWS Common Core 109 Communications
• Describe the following systems and state their function (cont):
• VERDIN- The VLF Digital Information Network (VERDIN) broadcast system
provides a highly reliable and secure system for worldwide delivery of
operational, tactical, and administrative messages from the Fleet Submarine
Broadcast System (FSBS) and Minimum Essential Emergency Communications
Network (MEECN). The Submarine LF-VLF VMEBUS / Receiver (SLVR) system is
the receive side of VERDIN and includes the equipment necessary to receive
VLF radio signals (between 14 kHz and 160 kHz), process the signals, and
presents them to the operator in the form of an audio signal (continuous wave
(CW)) or as a message on a teletypewriter page printer and tape perforator. The
VLF/LF multi-channel submarine broadcast system is operable while the
submarine is on the surface or at various operating depths with the
multifunction mast, Type 18(v) or15L periscope, BRR-6 Communications Buoy,
or OE-315 Floating Wire Antenna employed. The VERDIN broadcast system is
capable of long distance (>600 nm) communications and is essentially an
extension of the DCS, which connects the SUBOPAUTH to submarines at sea.
VERDIN provides worldwide coverage for the various submarine broadcasts
from multiple transmitter sites. The system is normally operated in a four-
channel mode, but it is capable of operating in a variety of modes that adapt
system performance and characteristics to specified missions and operational
doctrine.
Fleet Weather Center Norfolk 6
EIDWS Common Core 109 Communications
• Describe the following systems and state their function (cont):
• NOVA- NOVA is a UNIX based, base-level Mode 1 store and forward terminal
(Figure 2-2) dependent on the worldwide switching functions of the DTH to relay
messages to other commands outside the immediate area of responsibility,
services and agencies. NOVA is a store and forward switching system that
provides automated readdressal and quote functions for authorized users. For
message accountability purposes, the system assigns a unique Processing
Sequence Number (PSN) to each message received. This PSN provides a
means of message recall and is used as part of an automated readdressal or
quote request. NOVA provides duplicate checking and First-In First-Out (FIFO)
by precedence processing. Received messages are sorted by routing indicator
and delivered to the DTH and backside terminals, using Mode 1 protocol. NOVA
performs validation of format lines 2 through 4, 12a, 12b, 15 and 16 of ACP 128
messages. Messages found to be in error are diverted to a Service Intercept
Position (SIP) for manual intervention. If the message cannot be corrected at
the SIP the message will be serviced by the NOVA operator. Installation of the
NOVA Virtual Circuit Protocol (VCP) brings a Local/Wide Area Network interface
into the NOVA application in addition to the AUTODIN Mode One interface. Use
of this interface reduces the number of connections to the DTH.
Fleet Weather Center Norfolk 7
EIDWS Common Core 109 Communications
• Describe the following systems and state their function (cont):
• IBS- IBS/JTT - Integrated Broadcast Service (IBS) is a system-of-systems that
will migrate the Tactical Receive Equipment (TRE) and Related Applications
Data Dissemination System (TDDS), Tactical Information Broadcast Service
(TIBS), Tactical Reconnaissance Intelligence Exchange System (TRIXS) and
Near-Real-Time Dissemination (NRTD) system into an integrated service with a
common message format. The IBS will send data via communications paths
such as Ultra High Frequency (UHF) SATCOMand via networks over Super High
Frequency (SHF), Extremely High Frequency (EHF) and Global Broadcast
Service (GBS). This program supports Indications and Warning (I&W),
surveillance, and targeting data requirements of tactical and operational
commanders and targeting staffs across all warfare areas. Joint Tactical
Terminal (JTT) is being upgraded to become interoperable with the new
Common Interactive Broadcast (CIB) UHF that employs the new Common
Message Format (CMF) and Demand Assigned Multiple Access (DAMA)
Integrated Waveform (IW). The Navy is also pursuing an Internet Protocol (IP)-
based IBS transmission system, called Network Enabled IBS (NEIBS), which will
provide for receipt of the IBS data over IPnetworks.
Fleet Weather Center Norfolk 8
EIDWS Common Core 109 Communications
• Describe the following systems and state their function (cont):
• INMARSAT-International Maritime Satellite The Inmarsat HSD system continues
to be a critical communications path for SIPRNET, NIPRNET, and telephone
ship-to-shore access for all Navy ships less the CV/CVN/LHA/LHD/AGF and LCC
classes. This multipurpose SATCOM system provides both simultaneous voice
and IP data up to 128 Kbps. By providing access to the DoD unclassified and
classified IP networks, all ships of a Strike Group become participants in a WAN
that enables real-time collaborative planning and significantly improved unit SA
and group C2. In addition, it supports quality of life communications supporting
voice and e-mail exchange between Sailors at sea and friends and family
ashore. The Inmarsat program augments MILSATCOM systems to provide
added capacity for fleet voice and data services. The program provides for
leases of commercial Inmarsat satellite channels and procurement and fielding
of Inmarsat terminals and ancillary equipment to enhance the leased service. In
addition, the program accommodates the lease of necessary terrestrial
connectivity between Navy hubs (NCTAMS, NCTS San Diego, NCTS Bahrain)
and the commercial Stratos Mobile Networks–owned Earth terminals in Canada,
the Netherlands, and New Zealand. The Inmarsat terminals operate in the UHF
L-band via the geostationary Inmarsat satellite constellation, enabling point-to-
point voice, facsimile, and data.
Fleet Weather Center Norfolk 9
EIDWS Common Core 109 Communications
• Describe the following systems and state their function (cont):
• DMS/NREMS/AMHS-The Defense Message System employs the messaging and
directory services using internationally recognized COTS-based X.400 and
X.500 messaging and directory products. The DMS COTS baseline, which
includes DoD military messaging, directory, and security enhancements,
provides the messaging infrastructure for DoD electronic organizational
messaging support. The DMS messaging and directory components are
managed and protected by specialized systems management and security
support mechanisms and components. The DMS management system uses
system management tools and message tracing applications to isolate and
identify problems and to report on the health and welfare of the DMS
infrastructure.
Navy Regional Enterprise Message System is the initiative to reduce the
number of Navy DSP sites from five to two, eliminating the need for client-
server DMS architecture and eliminating need for FORTEZZA cards / readers at
the command desktop. NREMS provides web-based messaging capability that
allows users (with accounts) to send and receive DMS messages using a web
browser or via SMTP. The benefits are that it replaces current client-server DMS
architecture and FORTEZZA at the command desktop and enables customers to
use a personal computer web-browser to generate/receive messages and
eliminate desktop software patches required by DMS.
Fleet Weather Center Norfolk 10
EIDWS Common Core 109 Communications
• Describe the following systems and state their function (cont):
• Automated Message Handling System has simplified the task of drafting ACP,
DOI 103, and DOI 103 Special formatted messages where as the actual message
format is transparent to the user. AMHS provides simplified message drafting,
coordination, and release of outgoing messages and a message internal
distribution and delivery function for incoming messages.
Fleet Weather Center Norfolk 11
EIDWS Common Core 109 Communications
• Describe the following systems and state their function (cont):
• VTC -Video TeleConferencing Service is an extension of traditional telephony
technologies with the added feature of being able to see the person or persons
with whom one is talking. Another way to consider VTC technology is an
extension or combination of television, which provides the audio and video
communication aspect, and telephony or telecommunications which provides
the addressable, bi-directional connectivity.
Fleet Weather Center Norfolk 12
EIDWS Common Core 109 Communications
• Discuss GINGERBREAD and explain the procedures involved:
• GINGERBREAD is a codeword meaning that voice immitative deception is
suspected on this net. Imitative communications deception is the introduction
of fraudulent transmissions, in imitation of authentic transmissions, into enemy
communications systems for the purpose of confusing or deceiving.
Fleet Weather Center Norfolk 13
EIDWS Common Core 109 Communications
• Discuss types of disclosures afforded protection by the EEFI list:
• Essential Elements of Friendly Information. Standardized EEFI are established
to identify specific items of information which, if acquired by an adversary,
would degrade the security of military operations, special projects, etc. As a
means to rapidly identify an EEFI violation on an uncovered radio telephone
circuit, the BEADWINDOW code was developed to provide a means for
immediate notification of insecure practices. The following standardized EEFI
listing and associated BEADWINDOW code is promulgated for Navy wide
implementation. The EEFI list will be posted in clear sight of operators at all
insecure voice positions for rapid reference.
• Discuss BEAD WINDOW and explain the procedures involved:
• BEADWINDOW is a real-time procedure which brings to the immediate attention
of circuit operators the fact that an EEFI (Essential Elements of Friendly
Information) disclosure has (or may have) occurred. The BEADWINDOW
technique uses a code word and a number combination which is transmitted
immediately by any net member to the unit disclosing the EEFI. At no time will
the validity of the BEADWINDOW be discussed on the net. Proper response for
a net member receiving a BEADWINDOW will be "ROGER OUT" using proper
net call signs.
Fleet Weather Center Norfolk 14
EIDWS Common Core 109 Communications
• Define RIVER CITY and state when it is utilized:
– RIVER CITY is a measure/countermeasure to prevent the adversary from detecting
an indicator. A primary OPSEC goal is to mask or control friendly actions to
prevent the collection of CI or indicators. RIVER CITY conditions provide
procedures to control outgoing paths from ship and shore systems (e-mail, web
browsing, POTS, cell phones) for the purpose of OPSEC and force protection. It is
set prior to commencing sensitive planning or operations that could be
compromised by inadvertent communications/information release.
Fleet Weather Center Norfolk 15
EIDWS Common Core 109 Communications
• Discuss JSIR to include the following:
• Meaconing: The intentional transmission of signals designed to deceive users
of navigational aids (tactical air navigation, GPS, nondirectional beacon,
instrument landing system, etc.). Example: Attempting to draw aircraft across
an international border by transmitting false VHF Omnidirectional Radio Range
signals.
• Intrusion- The intentional insertion of EM energy into transmission paths in any
manner, with the objective of deceiving operators or causing confusion.
• Jamming-The deliberate radiation, reradiation, or reflection of EM energy for the
purpose of preventing or reducing an enemy’s effective use of the EM spectrum
and with the intent of degrading or neutralizing the enemy’s combat capability.
Fleet Weather Center Norfolk 16
EIDWS Common Core 109 Communications
• Discuss JSIR to include the following(cont):
– Spectrum Management-Spectrum policy and spectrum management functions
shall be guided by the following core principles:
• (1) Ensure the U.S. warfighter has sufficient spectrum access to support military
• capabilities.
• (2) Support a U.S. spectrum policy that balances national and economic security, with
• national security as the first priority.
• (3) Use the spectrum as efficiently and effectively as practical to provide the greatest
• overall benefit to warfighting capability.
• (4) Pursue spectrum-efficient technologies to support the increasing warfighter demand
• for spectrum access and encourage development of S-D systems that can operate in
diverse
• electromagnetic environments (EMEs).
• (5) Actively support U.S. policies and interests in international spectrum bodies and in
• international and bilateral negotiations for spectrum allocation and use.
Fleet Weather Center Norfolk 17
EIDWS Common Core 109 Communications
• Define and state the purpose of the following:
– PLA: Plain Language Address the component used to denote the command short
title and sometimes geographic location used in message addressing.
– DTG: The Date Time Group is assigned to uniquely describe a message for
identification and file purposes only. A DTG has two parts. The first is expressed in
six digits; the first two digits represent the day, and the next four represent the
time. The second part includes a single-letter zone suffix, and the month and year.
The month is expressed by its first three letters and the year by the last two digits
of the year of origin. The zone suffix ZULU (Z), for Greenwich Mean Time, is used
as the universal time for all messages except in cases where theater or area
commanders prescribe the use of local time during tactical operations. The times
2400Z and 0000Z shall not be used, instead 2359Z or 0001Z shall be used as
appropriate.
– UTC: The zone suffix ZULU (Z), for Greenwich Mean Time, is used as the universal
time for all messages except in cases where theater or area commanders prescribe
the use of local time during tactical operations.
Fleet Weather Center Norfolk 18
EIDWS Common Core 109 Communications
• List the components of a standard navy message:
• F/L Message Components
• 4 Security warning, security classification code, transmission release code (TRC), special handling designator(s) (SHD) transmission
instructions
• 5 Precedence, originator's date-time-group, message instructions
• 6 Message originator (FM)
• 7 Action addressees (TO)
• 8 Information addressees (INFO)
• 9 Exempt addressees (XMT)
• 11 Prosign BT
• 12 Message text will be arranged in the following order (as applicable):
• a. Security classification
• b. Special handling designations, e.g., SPECAT, US-UK EYES ONLY, etc.
• c. Releasability statement
• d. Special delivery instructions, e.g., PERSONAL FOR
• e. Standard subject identifier codes (SSIC), subject indicator code (SIC), delivery distribution indicator (DDI)
• f. Exercise name
• g. Subject line (SUBJ)
• h. References
• i. Thought or idea
• NOTE: Items a., g., and i. are mandatory in narrative messages,
remainder as needed.
• 13 Prosign BT
• 14 Confirmation
• 15 End-of-message (EOM) validation consisting of number sign (#) and 4-digit station serial number (SSN)
• 16 EOM functions, 2CR, 8LF, 4Ns, 12 LTRs, In ACP 126 format, also use prosigns "K" or "AR"
Fleet Weather Center Norfolk 19
EIDWS Common Core 109 Communications
• Define the following message precedences:
a. R – Routine, 6 hours
b. P – Priority, 3 hours
c. O – Immediate, 30 minutes
d. Z – Flash, As fast as possible with an objective of less than 10 minutes.
e. W - The CRITIC message contains information of vital importance and must
be given the most rapid handling possible from origin to ultimate delivery to
authorized recipients. Use the prosign W with this precedence when processing via
Defense Special Security Communications System (DSSC) channels. Use the Flash
(Z) prosign when processing the CRITIC message via general service (GENSER)
channels. Messages are normally identified as CRITIC by placing "CRITIC" in the
clear following prosign BT.
Fleet Weather Center Norfolk 20
EIDWS Common Core 109 Communications
• State the purpose of a TSO:
– Telecommunications Service Order (TSO). The authorization from Headquarters,
DISA, a DISA area, or DISA-DSC to start, change, or discontinue circuits or trunks
and to effect administrative changes.
• State the purpose of a TSR:
– Telecommunications Service Request (TSR). A valid, approved, and funded
telecommunications requirement prepared in accordance with the format in
chapter C3 and submitted to DISA or DISA activities for fulfillment. A TSR may not
be issued except by a specifically authorized TCO.
Fleet Weather Center Norfolk 21
EIDWS Common Core 109 Communications
• State the purpose of a COMSPOT/Communications service advisory:
– Communications Spot (COMSPOT) reports will be submitted by all ships and shore
facilities at any time communication outages or degradations are encountered.
Submit the COMSPOT to the servicing NCTAMS and communications station
respectively, info to the appropriate numbered fleet commander and ISIC. Timely
submissions of COMSPOT reports are required, within thirty minutes of outage.
Updates will be provided every hour or upon significant change in status. If
systems cannot be restored within 48 hours, submission of a CASREP will be sent
in accordance with Joint Force Maintenance Manual. Do not delay CASREP
submission because the cause of the outage is unclear (e.g., transport versus
network). Intermittent outages should be considered for CASREP as well once the
troubleshooting has exceeded the 48 hour window.
Fleet Weather Center Norfolk 22
EIDWS Common Core 109 Communications
• State the purpose of Electronic Key Management System (EKMS):
– EKMS provides the capability and policies for automated generation distribution
and management of electronic key, as well as management of physical key and
non-key COMSEC (Communication Security) related items.
• State the purpose of OTAT/OTAR:
– Over-the-air key transfer (OTAT) Electronically distributing key without changing
the traffic encryption key used on the secured communications path over which
the transfer is accomplished.
– Over-the-air rekeying (OTAR) Changing traffic encryption key or transmission
security key in remote crypto-equipment by sending new key directly to the remote
crypto-equipment over the communications path it secures.
Fleet Weather Center Norfolk 23
EIDWS Common Core 109 Communications
• Describe TEMPEST :
– TEMPEST is the code name given to the investigation, study, and control of
compromising emanations from telecommunications and automated information
processing systems. Visual National Policy for the Control of Compromising
Emanations.
• State the purpose of Emissions Control (EMCON) :
– EMCON is control of all electromagnetic and acoustic radiations, including
communications, radar, EW and sonar. During its imposition, no electronic
emitting device within designated bands, including personal communications
devices, will be operated unless absolutely essential to the mission. The OTC or
his designated subordinate commander is responsible for imposing EMCON.