Student Guide
Administering Adaptive Server IQ for the Data Warehouse
Version 1.0
2000 Sybase, Inc.
Part #EDB315-90-1242-10
I
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Putting It All Together
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Administering Adaptive Server IQ for
the Data Warehouse Student Guide
Module 1 Adaptive Server IQ Product Overview
Module Overview1-1
When to Use Adaptive Server IQ (ASIQ)?. Using ASIQ to Split DSS and OLTP
1-2
1-3
Distributed Data Mart1-4
Data Warehouse1-5
What Is ASIQ?1-6
What ASIQ Is Not1-7
Advantages of ASIQ: Overview1-8
Advantages of ASIQ: Speed1-9
Advantages of ASIQ: Economy1-10
Advantages of ASIQ: Flexibility1-11
What Principles Are at Work?1-13
Column-Wise Data Structures1-14
Bit-Wise Indexing1-15
ASIQ Multiplexing1-18
Benefits of ASIQ1-19
Summary1-20
Lab 1: ASIQ Product Overview1-21
Module 2 Architecture and Terminology
Module Overview2-3
ASIQ Platforms2-4
Module Map2-5
Adaptive Server Anywhere and Adaptive Server IQ2-6
Adaptive Server IQ Database Server2-7
ASIQ Server and Database (Without Multiplex)2-8
IQ Main Store2-9
Catalog Store2-10
IQ Temporary Store2-13
IQ Message Log2-14
Putting It All Together...ASIQ Database2-15
Module Map2-16
ASIQ Tables2-17
Utility Database2-18
ASIQ Indexes2-19
ASIQ Tables and ASIQ Indexes2-20
interfaces File and ASIQ Connectivity2-21
ASIQ Architecture2-22
2000 Sybase, Inc.
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Table of Contents
Summary
Lab 2: Architecture
2-23 2-24
Module 3 ASIQ Environment and Installation
Module Overview3-1
Module Map3-2
Disk Space3-3
Virtual Memory3-4
Swap3-5
Basic Configuration Recommendations3-6
Hardware Recommendations3-7
Module Map3-8
Before Installing Software on UNIX3-9
Preparing for ASIQ Installation on the UNIX Platform3-10
Installing Adaptive Server IQ3-11
Setting Environment Variables3-12
Starting the ASIQ Server - UNIX3-15
Starting the ASIQ Server -Simple Method 3-16
Starting the ASIQ Server - UNIX3-17
Server Configuration File3-18
Stopping the Server3-19
Preparing for ASIQ Installation on the NT Platform3-20
Installing ASIQ Server Components3-21
Starting the Server3-22
Stopping the Server3-23
Installing ASIQ Server Client Components3-24
Module Map3-25
Validating the ASIQ Environment3-26
Lab 3-1: Installation 3-27
Module Map3-28
Setting Up ODBC3-29
Connection to ASIQ using DBISQL3-36
Starting DBISQL - GUI3-37
Ready to Connect3-38
Interactive SQL3-39
Connect Using Command Line DBISQL3-40
Connecting Through Sybase Central3-41
Sybase Central3-42
Sybase Central Features3-43
Module Map3-44
Database Configuration File for Open Client 123-45
Setting Up JDBC and Open Client3-46
Setting Up JDBC and Open Client3-48
Setting Up JDBC3-49
Connect Using ISQL3-50
ISQL Versus DBISQL3-51
sp_iqstatus3-52
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Running sp_iqstatus Command to Check ASIQ3-53
Summary of Installation Steps3-54
Lab 3-2: Connectivity 3-55
Module 4 Creating Databases
Module Overview4-1
Database Review4-2
Database Overview4-3
Creating a Database4-4
Step 1: Select the Device Type4-5
Step 2: Estimate the Database Size4-6
Step 3: Create the Database4-7
Files Allocated When Creating Database4-8
Full Syntax4-9
Command Options4-10
Create Database: Example 14-14
Create Database: Example 24-15
Creating Databases: Sybase Central4-16
Before Starting the Server with the New Database4-18
Command-Line Switches4-19
Other Recommended Switches4-20
Command-Line or Configuration File Switches4-21
Communication Protocols4-22
Communication Protocol Switches4-23
Starting the Server with the New Database4-24
Creating a New DSN4-25
Viewing the New Database: Sybase Central4-26
sp_iqstatus4-27
Checking the Database with sp_iqstatus4-28
Enlarging a Database4-29
Enlarging a Database: Sybase Central4-30
Decreasing a Database4-31
Dropping a Database4-32
Other Useful Stored Procedures4-33
sp_iqdbsize4-34
Summary4-35
Lab 4: Databases 4-36
Module 5 ASIQ Index Types and Datatypes
Module Overview5-1
Module Map5-2
Types of Indexes Used by Typical RDBMSs5-3
ASIQ's Bitmap Indexes5-4
Review: ASIQ Index Characteristics5-5
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Review: Four Basic Index Types5-6
Fast Projection (FP)5-7
Low Fast (LF)5-10
High Non Group (HNG)5-11
High Group (HG)5-12
Generic Method for Indexing Columns5-13
Combining Index Types5-14
Fast Indexes5-15
Step 1: By Default, an FP Index Is on Each Column5-16
Step 2: Create LF on Low-Cardinality Columns5-17
Step 3: Create HG on High-Cardinality Columns5-18
Step 4: Create HNG, If Needed5-19
Case Study5-20
Case Study: Solutions5-21
Module Map5-23
ASIQ Data Types5-24
User-Defined Datatypes5-27
Summary5-28
Lab 5: ASIQ Indexing and Datatypes 5-29
Module 6 Creating Tables and Indexes
Module Overview6-1
Steps for Deploying an ASIQ Installation6-2
Module Map6-3
Create Tables in the ASIQ Database6-4
CREATE TABLE6-5
Building Upon CREATE TABLE6-6
CREATE TABLE - IQ UNIQUE6-7
CREATE TABLE - UNIQUE6-8
CREATE TABLE - PRIMARY KEY6-9
Building Upon CREATE TABLE6-10
FOREIGN KEY Constraint6-11
Syntax: CREATE TABLE6-13
CREATE TABLE6-14
Creating a Table with Sybase Central6-16
Sybase Central: Steps 1-36-17
Sybase Central: Steps 4-66-18
Sybase Central6-19
Viewing a Table6-2 1
Altering Tables6-2 2
ALTER TABLE6-2 3
TRUNCATE TABLE6-2 4
DROP TABLE6-2 5
Module Map6-2 6
Local Temporary Tables: Method 16-2 7
Local Temporary Tables: Method 26-2 8
Module Map6-2 9
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Global Temporary Tables6-30
Module Map6-31
View: Defined6-32
Creating a View: Benefits6-33
View: Using Partitioned Tables6-34
CREATE VIEW6-35
Views for Performance6-36
Steps for Deploying an ASIQ Installation6-37
Create the ASIQ Indexes 6-38
Review: Index Types6-39
Four Options for Creating Indexes6-40
CREATE INDEX: Syntax and Example6-41
CREATE INDEX: Sybase Central6-42
CREATE INDEX: Restrictions6-46
Creating Indexes in Parallel6-47
Viewing ASIQ Indexes with sp_iqindex6-49
Dropping Indexes6-50
Create and Maintain Scripts6-51
Summary6-52
Lab 6: Creating Tables and Indexes6-53
Module 7 ASIQ Memory Configuration
Module Overview7-1
Sybase ASIQ Memory Components7-2
Server Memory7-3
Buffers, Page Size, and Blocks7-4
Buffer Caches7-5
Why Tune Shared Buffer Caches?7-6
Main Buffer Cache7-7
Temporary Buffer Cache7-8
Viewing Buffer Cache Size7-9
"Active" Users7-10
Strategy for Sizing Caches7-11
Memory: The Big Picture7-12
Operating System Memory and Other Applications7-13
ASIQ Server7-14
ASIQ Memory Overhead7-15
Side Note on Setting Database Options7-17
load_memory_MB option7-18
ASIQ Main and Temp Buffer Caches7-19
Strategy for Sizing Buffer Caches7-20
Calculating Memory for Caches on UNIX7-2 1
Calculating Memory for Caches on NT7-2 2
Query Memory Requirements: Read-Only7-2 3
Strategy for Sizing Caches7-2 4
Setting Buffer Caches7-2 5
Viewing the New Buffer Caches7-28
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Memory and Swap Usage7-29
Memory Performance7-30
Summary7-31
Lab 7: Memory Configuration7-32
Module 8 Loading Data from Files
Module Overview8-1
Data Sources8-2
Table Loading8-3
Data Loading8-4
Simple Example: Flat-File Load8-5
Adding Rows with LOAD TABLE8-6
LOAD TABLE Command: Partial Syntax8-7
Module Map8-8
load-specification / column-spec8-9
column-spec8-10
Inserting Using Fixed-Width Field Specification8-11
Inserting Variable-Length Fields 8-12
Example: Loading from a Character File8-13
Date and Datetime Considerations8-14
A Word About NULL8-16
Module Map8-17
FROM Clause8-18
Module Map8-19
load-options 8-20
DELIMITED BY Option8-21
Inserting Variable-Length Fields 8-22
QUOTES/ESCAPES Options8-23
WITH CHECKPOINT Option8-24
Putting It Together8-25
PREVIEW load-option - Input Layout Description8-26
ROW DELIMITED BY load_option8-27
Loading in Parallel8-28
More Complex LOAD TABLE Example8-29
Module Map8-30
What Happens During a load Session?8-3 1
Notification Messages8-3 2
Transaction Processing and LOAD TABLE8-3 3
Deleting Data8-3 4
DELETE Statement8-3 5
DELETE, then LOAD TABLE8-3 6
UPDATE Command8-3 7
Summary8-3 8
Lab 8: Loading Data from Files8-3 9
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Module 9 Advanced Data Loading from Files
Module Overview9-1
Review: Options for Table Loading9-2
Review: LOAD TABLE Command9-3
Advanced Insert Load Options9-4
Module Map9-5
Multifile Load9-6
Example: Multifile Load9-8
Module Map9-9
Partial-Width Loads9-10
What Is a ROWID?9-11
Partial-Width Loads9-12
Example: Partial-Width Loads9-14
Example: Partial-Width Load - The Right Way9-15
Example: Partial-Width Load - The Wrong Way9-17
Module Map9-19
Adding dbspaces During a Load9-20
Good Loading Practices9-21
Summary9-22
Lab 9: Advanced Loading Data from File9-23
Module 10 Loading Data Using the INSERT Command
Module Overview10-1
Table Loading10-2
INSERT from SELECT Command10-3
INSERT VALUES Command10-4
Module Map10-5
Partial-Width Inserts 10-6
Example: Partial-Width Insert - The Right Way 10-7
Module Map10-9
Inserting from the IQ Main Store 10-10
Module Map10-13
Inserting Directly from a Foreign Database10-14
Using CIS10-17
Summary10-18
Lab 10: Loading Data Using the insert Command 10-19
Module 11 Using ASIQ
Module Overview11-1
ASIQ SQL11-2
Review: SELECT Statement11-3
SELECT Statement11-4
Module Map11-6
ASIQ-Specific SQL Features 11-7
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KEY JOIN11-8
NATURAL JOIN11-9
OUTER JOIN11-10
Expressions in Subqueries11-11
IF Condition11-12
CASE Statement11-13
A Word on Quotes 11-14
Module Map11-15
ASIQ Numeric Functions11-16
ASIQ String Functions11-17
ASIQ Date and Time Functions11-18
ASIQ Datatype Conversion Functions11-19
Additional ASIQ Functions11-20
Module Map11-21
Exporting Data from ASIQ11-22
Exporting Data Using Redirection11-23
Exporting Data Using Redirection11-24
Exporting Data Using Data Extraction11-25
Options for Data Extraction11-26
Data Extraction11-28
Summary11-29
Lab 11: Using ASIQ 11-30
Module 12 ASIQ Operational Data Administration
Module Overview12-1
Module Map12-2
Transaction Processing12-3
What Is a Transaction?12-4
Transaction Commands 12-5
Chained and Unchained Transaction Modes12-8
Completing Transactions12-9
Module Map12-10
Locking12-11
Locks forDML12-12
Locks for DDL12-13
ANSI Isolation Levels12-14
Module Map12-15
Snapshot Versioning12-16
Versioning Level12-17
Table Versioning12-18
Versioning Example12-19
Option to COMMIT After Every SELECT12-24
ODBC AutoPreCommit12-25
Snapshot Versioning: Issues12-26
Module Map12-27
Data Security12-28
Users12-29
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Users and Groups12-30
Special User12-31
Creating Users12-32
Creating Users with Sybase Central12-33
Special Groups12-35
Creating Groups12-36
Adding a User to a Group12-37
Table and View Permissions12-38
Stored Procedure Permissions 12-39
REVOKE Statement12-40
Permissions Hierarchy12-41
Database Object Names and Prefixes12-42
Summary12-43
Lab 12: ASIQ Operational Data Administration12-44
Module 13 Joins
Module Overview13-1
Types of Joins13-2
Ad-Hoc Joins13-3
When to Use Ad-Hoc Joins 13-4
When to Create a Join Index13-5
Ad-Hoc Joins Versus Join Indexes13-6
Creating a Join Index13-7
Step 1: Create Tables13-8
Step 2: Define the Relationships13-9
Join Hierarchy13-10
Types of Join Hierarchies13-11
Entity-Relationship Diagram13-12
Join Hierarchy with the Top Table13-13
Creating a Join Index13-14
Step 3: Create the Indexes13-15
Step 4: Load Data13-16
Creating a Join Index13-17
Step 5: Create the Join Index13-18
Creating a Join Index13-22
Step 6: Synchronize Join Indexes13-23
Multiple-Table Join Example13-25
To Create the Join Index13-26
Rules for Join Indexes13-27
Estimating Join Index Size13-28
Actual Join Index Size13-29
Dropping a Join Index13-30
Data Modification in a Join Index13-31
How Join Indexes Are Used13-32
Summary13-33
Lab 13: Joins 13-34
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Table of Contents
Module 14 Monitoring and Troubleshooting
Module Overview13-1
Module Map13-2
Monitoring Users13-3
Monitoring Loads/Deletes/Inserts13-4
Monitoring Loading Messages13-5
Monitoring Load Messages 13-7
Monitoring the Database13-8
dbcc_option13-12
Monitoring the Database13-14
Monitoring Buffer Caches13-17
Stopping the Buffer Cache Monitor13-21
System Utilities13-22
Module Map13-23
Troubleshooting Fields13-24
ASIQ Server Won't Start13-25
User Cannot Access the Database
or Database Objects13-26
Database Fills Up During the Load13-27
Processing Slows Down or Hangs13-28
Reporting Problems to Technical Support13-29
Summary13-30
Lab 14 -Monitoring and Troubleshooting 13-31
Module 15 Performance and Tuning
Module Overview15-1
Module Map15-2
IQ Query Engine15-3
IQ Query Engine Architecture15-5
IQ Query Optimizer15-6
IQ Query Optimizer15-9
Module Map15-10
Choosing Correct Index Types15-11
Database Options for Performance15-14
IQ Query Plans15-15
IQ Query Tree15-16
IQ Query Plans15-17
IQ Query Plan Detail15-23
QUERY_ROWS_RETURNED_LIMIT15-24
NOEXEC and ROWCOUNT Options15-25
IQ Query Plan -Elements15-26
More Query Options15-28
IQ Query Performance15-29
Module Map15-30
Loading Data from a Fixed-Length ASCII Flat File 15-31
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Using Disk Striping15-32
Using Multiple dbspaces15-33
Spreading Access Across Separate Disks15-34
Improving INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE Performance15-35
Memory Allocation15-36
Limiting Number of Active Queries on the IQ Server15-38
Summary15-39
Lab 15: Performance and Tuning15-40
Module 16 Backup and Restore
Module Overview16-1
Backup Features16-2
Archive Devices16-3
Backup16-4
Types of Backups16-5
Running a Backup16-6
BACKUP DATABASE Syntax16-7
Example: Simple Backup16-8
SIZE and STACKER Options16-9
Example: Incremental Backup16-10
Backup: Notes and Restrictions16-11
Validating Your Database16-12
sp_iqcheckdb16-13
Restore Features16-14
Before You Restore16-15
Restore Database16-16
Restore Database: Full Restore16-17
Moving Database Files16-18
Restore Database16-20
Restore Database: Notes and Restrictions16-21
ASIQ Backup and Restore Performance16-22
Estimating Dump Size16-23
DBLOG Utility16-24
Option for Backing Up a Large Database16-25
Summary16-26
Lab 16: Backup and Restore 16-27
Module 17 Multiplexing Overview
Module Overview17-1
What Is IQ Multiplexing?17-2
Multiplex Architecture17-3
Multiplex Features17-4
ASIQ Architecture (Simplex)17-6
ASIQ Architecture (Multiplex)17-7
Write and Query Servers17-8
Communication between Servers17-9
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Multiplex Operating Modes17-10
IQM Advantages17-11
Summary17-12
Lab 17: Multiplexing Overview17-13
Module 18 ASIQ Multiplex Hardware
Module Overview18-1
Module Map18-2
Storage Basics18-3
RAID Basics18-4
RAID Diagram18-5
RAID Levels18-6
RAID Striping18-7
RAID Connectivity18-8
Module Map18-9
Configuring Storage18-10
IQM and Shared Disk Farm18-11
IQ Multiplex Hardware ... Putting it together18-12
Summary18-13
There is no lab for this module18-14
Module 19 Creating a Multiplex Database
Module Overview19-1
Steps to Set up Multiplex19-2
Step 1 - Create the Write Server19-3
Create the IQ Write Server19-4
Steps to Set up Multiplex19-11
Step 2 - Create Reader (Query) Servers19-12
Create Query Server19-13
Directory Structure19-18
Steps to Set up Multiplex19-19
Step 3 - Synchronize19-20
Synchronize19-21
What we have so far19-22
Steps to Set up Multiplex19-23
Why Add A Temp Store?19-24
Step 4 - Add Temp Store for Writer19-25
Add Temp Store for Writer19-26
Steps to Set up Multiplex19-30
Step 5 - Add Main IQ Store dbspaces19-31
Start Server in Simplex Mode 19-32
Add Main IQ Store dbspaces19-33
Add Main Store Dbspaces19-38
Stop the Writer Server19-39
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Steps to Set up Multiplex19-40
Step 6 - Add Temp Store for the Query Server19-41
Summary19-42
There is no lab for this module19-43
Module 20 Multiplex Operations
Module Overview20-1
Working in the Multiplex Environment20-2
Creating Database Objects20-3
Setting Memory20-4
Loading Data20-5
Running Queries20-6
Specifying Database Options20-7
Postsync.sql Script20-8
Working in the Multiplex Environment20-9
Setting Startup Parameters20-10
Starting and Stopping20-11
Select the Start Mode20-12
Stopping Multiplex Server20-13
Stopping Individual Servers20-14
Managing Servers20-15
Restarting Servers20-16
Working in the Multiplex Environment20-17
Adding and Dropping Dbspaces20-18
To Add A Permanent (Main) Dbspace20-19
To Create a Temporary Dbspace20-20
To Drop a Main or Temporary Dbspace20-21
Working in the Multiplex Environment20-22
Backup the Multiplex20-23
Restore the Multiplex20-24
Summary20-25
There is no lab for this module20-26
Appendix A Migrating Data from Prior Versions
Appendix OverviewA-1
Why Is Data Migration Necessary?A-2
Migration StepsA-3
Step 1 - Install Version 12.0A-4
Step 2 - Create 12.0 DatabaseA-5
Method 1A-6
Method 2A-7
IQ CREATE ASIQ TEMPLATEA-8
Edit ScriptsA-9
Database Creation ScriptA-10
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Module MapA-15
Migration ScriptsA-16
Data Extract ScriptA-17
Data Load ScriptA-19
Editing ScriptsA-21
Running ScriptsA-22
Module MapA-23
Load the Data from your Original SourceA-24
Module MapA-26
Insert the Data from an IndexspaceA-27
Module MapA-28
Select Data into an ASCII fileA-29
bcp Data into an ASCII fileA-30
Migration NotesA-31
SummaryA-33
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Adaptive Server IQ Product Overview
Administering Adaptive Server IQ for the Data Warehouse
Version 1.0 2000 Sybase, Inc.
Adaptive Server IQ Product Overview
Module Overview
This module will provide a brief overview of Adaptive Server IQ (ASIQ)
Objectives
After completing this module, you should be able to:
List the key advantages of ASIQ
Describe the principles at work behind ASIQ
Explain what ASIQ is
Explain what ASIQ is not
This module answers the basic questions about how ASIQ's uniquetechnology can be used for decision support systems (DSSs), data marts, ordata warehousing.
Note This is an introductory module.
Later modules discuss the architecture as well as the indexes in greater detail.
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Adaptive Server IQ Product Overview
When to Use Adaptive Server IQ (ASIQ)?
Decision support system (DSS) Distributed data mart Data warehouse
DSS
Data mart
Data warehouse
Decision support system.
Although some queries will be requested regularly, management often asks for unexpected aggregates of data that traditionally require individualized tuning for each query.
A special-purpose data warehouse focused on a single strategic or efficiency issue.
A data mart often serves as a single department's analytical base.
Extremely large database encompassing an enterprise-wide set of data.
A data warehouse can be used as the source of data for a company's data marts or for direct DSS queries.
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Adaptive Server IQ Product Overview
Using ASIQ to Split DSS and OLTP
Off-Loads DSS Query Burden from an OLTP Engine
Splitting DSS and OLTP
Reduces contention between readers and writers
Ad-hoc query applications, used in decision support systems
Queries are not predefined
Are often I/O intensive
OLTP
DSS
Ad-hoc query Reduce contention
Online transaction processing involves heavy inserting, updating, and deleting.
Typically, queries bring back one row or only a few rows. Indexes are used sparingly and a Database Administrator can tune for the limited types of queries performed.
Decision support systems are typically read-only data that has been filtered, preprocessed, scrubbed, or rolled up for analysis. The data may have originated in an OLTP database and may be as new as one day old.
A query that the system has no prior knowledge of and for which no explicit tuning can therefore be done.
Typically, readers block writers and writers block readers. Contention results. Separating scan-intensive DSS users and OLTP users is beneficial to both.
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Adaptive Server IQ Product Overview
Distributed Data Mart
Specialized Servers for Speciaized Needs
Data mart example
This example shows a number of clients accessing a specialized data mart, depending on the client's needs.
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Adaptive Server IQ Product Overview
Data Warehouse
Centralized Enterprise-Wide Data Warehouse
Example
This example shows a number of clients accessing a central, enterprise-wide data warehouse ASIQ Server.
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Adaptive Server IQ Product Overview
What Is ASIQ?
A Powerful Ad-Hoc Query Server
Designed to dramatically increase thespeed of DSS queries performed againstlarge amounts of data
Short list of features:
Vertical data storage and compression
Optimized access methods for all types of data
Uses bit-wise storage technology
Ad-hoc query optimizer
Standard open interfaces
Supported by Sybase Central
Access method Sybase Central
All of the features are discussed in detail in later modules.
An access method is really an index that is defined on each column.
Database management tool in a graphical user interface.
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Adaptive Server IQ Product Overview
What ASIQ s Not
An online transaction-processing engine
Use Adaptive Server Enterprise instead
A tool for tuning an existing database
A server for applications that require real-time updates
Use Adaptive Server Enterprise or Adaptive ServerAnywhere instead
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Adaptive Server IQ Product Overview
Advantages of ASIQ: Overview
Speed
Designed for ad-hoc queries
Reduced I/O on retrieval
Fast to implement
Economy
Set up once for all queries
Excellent data compression characteristics
Reduced disk storage
Flexibility
Interoperates with multiple datasources
Works with off-the-shelf query tools
Speed
Economy
Flexibility
Consistently fast response time for complex ad-hoc queries. Accesses only the data relevant to the query, reducing I/O up to 98%. Accelerates iterative analysis and information.
Enables Database Administrators (DBAs) to tune data once rather than for each query.
Supports a standard relational framework, Sybase's Open Client interfaces, and ODBC, allowing DBAs to leverage existing skills and infrastructure.
Provides more answers to more questions for more users, enhancing your productivity.
Improves performance without adding hardware.
Compresses data, dramatically reducing disk requirements and cost.
Loading from various data sources, including SQL Server, Adaptive Server, and flat files. Can be directly accessed through OmniConnect, which includes a large number of gateways.
Works with a wide range of popular, off-the-shelf query tools, giving users their choice.
Handles any database schema, allowing business users to see data their way.
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Adaptive Server IQ Product Overview
Advantages of ASIQ: Speed
Scalability
Handles large amounts of data
Takes advantage of multiple processors for loading andqueries
Multiplexing allows a multiple server configuration
Speed of loading
Fast loads are a critical success factor fora data warehouse
Indexes can be incrementally loaded or
deleted without being dropped and recreated
Can load data while users are querying
Scalability example
Multiplexing
When ASIQ query workload increases by 20 times, average ASIQ response time increases by only 5 times.
Will be discussed in further detail in later modules.
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Adaptive Server IQ Product Overview
Advantages of ASIQ: Economy
Saves Disk Space by Storing Only the Index
Index sizes are kept small through a variety of data compression technologies
The entire database can be fully indexed and made available for ad-hoc queries in less space than it takes to store the raw data
Less space
No summary tables needed
Compact indexes
Typically 50-100% of the raw data size.
The indexes are the data; there is no need for both structures.
Summary tables are typically not needed because ASIQ returns queries so quickly without them.
More compact, bit-wise indexing requires less disk space than traditional b-tree indexes.
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Adaptive Server IQ Product Overview
Advantages of ASIQ: Flexibility
Flexible (open systems support)
Integrated with Open Client and Open Server
Integrated with ODBC, JDBC
To the end user
and DBA, ASIQ looks just like another RDBMS
(continued . . .)
Note
ODBC driver
The most recent list of tested tools can be found in the ReleaseBulletin that came with your software.
Some of the PC tools are BrioQuery, Business Objects, Forest &Trees, GQL, Holos, InfoMaker, Iridon Panorama, Microsoft Access,MicroStrategy and Cognos.
Special ODBC driver ships with ASIQ.
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Adaptive Server IQ Product Overview
Advantages of ASIQ: Flexibility
Can load data from a variety of sources Client
Example
The graphic above shows that data can be loaded directly from an ASE database.
Data can also be loaded from flat files as well as other data sources. See Module 8, "Loading Data from Files," Module 9, "Advanced Data Loading from Files" and Module 10, "Loading Data Using the INSERT Command."
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Adaptive Server IQ Product Overview
What Principles Are at Work?
Column-wise data structures
Bit-wise indexing
This is an overview foil. These principles are covered in the next few pages.
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Adaptive Server IQ Product Overview
Column-Wise Data Structures
Stores Data Column-Wise Rather Than Row-Wise
Vertical partitioning of data
Returns those columns necessary for a query, reducing I/O
SELECT count(*) FROM customer WHERE gender = "M"
Column-wise
Row-wise
Column-wise data structures are easily searched without having to scan the full rows.
Vertical partitioning of the data means never performing a table scan. At most, ASIQ would perform a column scan.
Row-wise data structures, such as those used in traditional RDBMSs, can be searched only by reading an entire page and then locating the data on the page.
Because the columns being searched for are only a fraction of the total data read, there is excessive I/O.
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Adaptive Server IQ Product Overview
Bit-WiseIndexing
Benefits Both Low- and High-Cardinality Columns
Translates the distinct data elements of a column into a bit mask
Cardinality - The number of unique values in a column
Low-cardinality data: Fewer than 1500 unique values
High-cardinality data: 1500 unique values or more
Example:
High-Cardinality Data
Low-Cardinality Data
Primary keys
Day of week
Telephone numbers
Gender
Social security number
States
(continued . . .)
Bit-wise indexing
Unlike other indexing methods, ASIQ indexes are based on the cardinality of the data and the way the data will be used.
ASIQ has indexes for both low- and high-cardinality columns.
ASIQ indexing types are discussed in depth in Module 5, "ASIQ Index Types and Data Types".
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Adaptive Server IQ Product Overview
Bit-WiseIndexing
Low-Cardinality Example
The table on the left shows the unindexed data The table on the right shows a bit-wise index
(continued . . .)
Note
This is not an actual index.
It is merely a representation of how bit-wise indexing works for low-cardinality data.
This topic is discussed in detail in Module 5, "ASIQ Index Types and Data Types".
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Adaptive Server IQ Product Overview
Bit-Wise Indexing
High-Cardinality Example
Actual datain Binary
Data is stored vertically
High cardinality/ bit-wise indexing
Sybase has patented technology for indexing high-cardinality data using bitmaps.
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Adaptive Server IQ Product Overview
ASIQ Multiplexing
Allows a multi-server configuration
Designed for managing large query loads across multiple nodes
Supports many users, each executing complex queries against a shared database
IQ Temp Store
Catalog Store
IQ Temp Catalog IQ Temp Catalog Store Store Store Store
IQ Main IQ Temp Catalog Store Store Store
ASIQ Multiplexing
Must have ASIQ 12.4.2 or higher. Multiplexing is implements and managed through Sybase Central.
This topic is discussed in detail in Module 17, Multiplexing".
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Adaptive Server IQ Product Overview
Benefits of ASIQ
Reduced ongoing tuning of databases
Reduced need for Database Administrator resources after initialinstall
Reduced disk requirements
Rapid access to information
Users can access data with a variety of query tools
Indexes can be efficiently incrementally added or dropped
Without reloading data
ASIQ Version 12.4.2 can support a multi-server configuration,ASIQ Multiplex
For more information about the benefits of ASIQ, see www. sybase. com/products/dataware/iqindex. html.
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Adaptive Server IQ Product Overview
Summary
ASIQ Is...
Leading technology that stores data vertically
Fast at ad-hoc query resolution
Bit-wise storage solves low- and high-cardinality queries
Economical on disk usage due to compressed storage formats
Flexible, interoperable, open system
ASIQ Is Not...
An OLTP database
For applications requiring real-time updates
A tool to tune an existing database
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Adaptive Server IQ Product Overview
Lab 1: ASIQ Product Overview
Exercise Overview
TopicsDSS
.OLTP
High- and low-cardinality data
Row-wise and column-wise data structures
Bit-wise indexing
GoalAfter completing this lab, you should be able to:
Explain the basic principles of ASIQ
General tasks You will take a written quiz.Lab setupNo lab setup is required.
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Architecture and Terminology
Administering Adaptive Server IQ for the Data Warehouse
Version 1.0 2000 Sybase, Inc.
Architecture and Terminology
Module Overview
This module provides the necessary background information for performing installations and administration.
Objectives
After completing this module, you should be able to:
Describe the ASIQ architecture
Define ASIQ terminology and concepts
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Architecture and Terminology
ASIQ Platforms
Sun Solaris (SPARC)
IBM RISC System/6000 AIX
HP-UX HP 9000/800
Compaq UNIX
Windows NT
SGI IRIX
LINUX (coming soon)
Refer to the Adaptive Server IQ Installation and Feature Guide for detailed information on each platform.
Refer to the Adaptive Server IQ Release Bulletin for detailed information on product restrictions, operating system patches, new and changed features, and documentation errors.
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Architecture and Terminology
Module Map
ASIQ Database Server
ASIQ Database
IQ Store
Catalog Store & Transaction Log
IQ Temporary Store
IQ Message Log
ASIQ Tables
ASIQ Indexes
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Architecture and Terminology
Adaptive Server Anywhere and Adaptive Server IQ
Adaptive Server Anywhere (ASA) is a relational databasesystem that can exist with or without IQ
Small memory footprint
ANSI SQL plus additional functionality
Proven database technology
Adaptive Server IQ (ASIQ) exists with ASA
Patented storage technology
Vertical data storage
High-performance database query engine
Anywhere database
Anywhere tables
Enterprise database
T-SQL
An Adaptive Server Anywhere database.
Anywhere tables have a different format from IQ tables.
An Adaptive Server Enterprise (ASE) database. Also known as a SQL Server store.
Transact-SQL is a superset of Structured Query Language (SQL). It includes all ANSI standard SQL plus additional commands.
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Architecture and Terminology
Adaptive Server IQ Database Server
Combination of Adaptive Server Anywhere network server andASIQ Server
ASA contains the catalog, language parser, and connectivity
IQ pieces include data store and query engine
ASIQAllows multiple users to query a database at the same time,
while another user inserts or deletes data.
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Architecture and Terminology
ASIQ Server and Database (Wthout Multiplex)
Database specifically created to store ASIQ indexes
Includes the following components:
IQ Main Store (for data)
Catalog Store & Transaction Log (for metadata)
IQ Temporary Store (for temporary data)
IQ Message Log (for log file)
Has one database per ASIQ Server
Components of an ASIQ database are discussed in detail in the following slides.
ASIQ Multiplex has a similar component structure and is addressed later.
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Architecture and Terminology
IQ Main Store
Contains the data (indexes)
Compressed in blocks on disk
First physical file name is dbname.iq
User specifies the name for additional files
One IQ Main Store per database
Can consist of many physical files
Can be raw or file system
Also contains an internally managed transaction log
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Architecture and Terminology
Catalog Store
Contains information called metadata needed to manage an IQdatabase
Contains the system tables and stored procedures
Traditional horizontal storage system
Physical file names are:
dbname.db
dbname.log (Transaction Log)
One Catalog Store per database
Can consist of multiple devices (unusual)
File System ONLY
(continued . . .)
Metadata Describes the data in your databasefor example, the size and
datatype for each column in a table.
An ASA type datastore with 4K data pages.
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Architecture and Terminology
Catalog Store
System Tables
In addition to the system tables, the Catalog Store contains ASIQ-specific system tables, for example:
SYSIQCOLUMN
SYSIQFILE
SYSIQINDEX
SYSIQINFO
SYSIQTABLE
(continued . . .)
SYSIQCOLUMN
SYSIQFILE
SYSIQINDEX
SYSIQINFO
SYSIQTABLE
Lists information on columns in every table or view in the IQ store.
Lists information on operating system files for the database. Lists internal information on indexes in the database.
Lists database characteristics in addition to those in the SYSINFO table.
Describes each table or view in the IQ Store.
For a complete listing of system tables and views, see the Adaptive Server IQ Reference Guide.
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Architecture and Terminology
Catalog Store
Transaction Log
Only used to log changes to the Catalog Store (not thewarehouse data)
Used to roll back (undo) or roll forward changes if necessary
Physical file name is dbname.log
m Very small file (~ 15 to 20MB ) Placement not an issue
Default
CREATE DATABASE command
Pruning
By default the dbname.log file is placed in the same directory as the .db file (but can be placed elsewhere).
You can turn logging off using the CREATE DATABASE command, but this is not recommended.
To prune this log, first stop the server and rename the dbname.log file, then restart the server.
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Architecture and Terminology
IQ Temporary Store
Work area for the database
Sorting data during loads
Query processing work area
Physical file name is dbname. iqtmp
One IQ Temporary Store per IQ database
Can consist of several physical files
Can be raw or file system
The IQ Temporary Store is used for both loads and queries. It is used to build HG indexes during loads. Queries use it to sort data during ORDER BY and join queries.
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Architecture and Terminology
IQ Message Log
Readable log file for the ASIQ database that contains:
Error messages
Status messages
Insert notification messages
Physical file name is dbname. iqmsg
One IQ Message Log per IQ database
File system only
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Architecture and Terminology
Putting It All Together...ASIQ Database
ASIQ Database Components (with No Multiplex)
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Architecture and Terminology
Module Map
ASIQ Database Server
ASIQ Database
IQ Store
Catalog Store & Transaction Log
IQ Temporary Store
IQ Message Log
. ASIQ Tables
ASIQIndexes
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Architecture and Terminology
ASIQ Tables
ASIQ tables are logical tables defined in the Catalog Store
A table is really a group of columns
Three types of tables:
Base tables
Local temporary tables
Global temporary tables
These tables are discussed in great detail in Module 6, "Creating Tables and Indexes."
Base tablesThese tables:
Are sometimes called main or permanent tables.
Are stored in the main IQ Store and are a permanent part of thedatabase.
Must be dropped explicitly.
Use the CREATE TABLE statement to create a base table.
Local temporary tables Use the DECLARE LOCAL TEMPORARY TABLE statement. The table will exist until the connection ends or within a compound statement in which it is declared. This table is completely inaccessible to other users.
Global temporary tables Use the GLOBAL TEMPORARY option of the CREATE TABLE
statement. The table will exist in the database until it is explicitly removed. Each user will have a separate instance of the data in a global temporary table. Those rows are visible only to the connection that inserts them. They are deleted when the connection ends.
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Architecture and Terminology
Utility Database
Created automatically during ASIQ installation
Used for connection purposes when no "real" database exists
Never holds data
DO NOT DELETE this database
When to use the utility database
To start the database server when no database is specified during the START ENGINE command.
To create, drop, or restore a database when you have no other database to which to connect.
To start the database server or connect to a database when other databases are corrupt or unavailable due to media failure.
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Architecture and Terminology
ASIQ Indexes
Each data column is assigned one or more data access methods(indexes)
Usually determined before initial load
Index type selection determined by:
Cardinality of data
Column usage
Four different types of indexes (discussed in Module 5):
Default Index (FP)
LF
HNG
HG
Cardinality Column usage
Low - Fewer than 1500 unique values. High - 1500 or more unique values.
Joins, GROUP BY, aggregation.
Index types are discussed in further detail in Module 5, "ASIQ Index Types and Data Types."
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Architecture and Terminology
ASIQ Tables and ASIQ Indexes
Tables Contain Indexes on Columns
An index is an access method
Each ASIQ index contains all the data for a column
A column has one or more indexes
A default index is placed on each column when the table iscreated
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Architecture and Terminology
interfaces File and ASIQ Connectivity
TDS clients and servers find each other via lookups in aninterfaces file
The interfaces file is required for:
Servers, to discover the net addresses they should listen tofor client connections
Clients, to discover where to direct connection requests
The interfaces file has different names on different platforms:
UNIX: $SYBASEinterfaces
Windows: %SYBASE%\ini\sql.ini
Novell Netware (clients only): interfac
TDS clients and CIS servers use the interfaces file to find anASIQ Server instance
ASIQASIQ uses the command line during startup and not the interfaces file.
TDS clients (for example, SQL Advantage) will need the interfaces file, but DBISQL and Sybase Central do not.
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Architecture and Terminology
ASIQ Architecture
Putting It All Together...
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Architecture and Terminology
Summary
An ASIQ database contains:
IQ Main Store (contains the data)
Catalog Store & Transaction Log (contains metadata)
IQ Temporary Store (contains temporary data)
IQ Message Log (contains database log file)
The ASIQ table definition is stored in the Catalog Store
The data is stored in indexes in the IQ Main Store
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Architecture and Terminology
Lab 2: Architecture
Exercise Overview
Topics Process architecture components and functions
ASIQ architecture
Terminology:
ASIQ database server
ASIQ database
IQ Store
Catalog Store & Transaction Log
IQ Temporary Store
IQ Message Log
ASIQ tables
ASIQ indexes
GoalsAfter completing this lab, you should be able to:
Define ASIQ architecture and terminology
General tasks Complete a matching game.
Complete a multiple-choice quiz.
Complete fill-in-the-blank questions.
Participate in an instructor-led discussion.
Lab setup No lab setup is needed.
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ASIQ Environment and Installation
Administering Adaptive Server IQ for the Data Warehouse
Version 1.0 2000 Sybase, Inc.
ASIQ Environment and Installation
Module Overview
This module provides the necessary background information to install ASIQ and to connect to ASIQ.
Objectives
After completing this module, you should be able to:
Prepare for an ASIQ installation
Install ASIQ
Verify the success of an ASIQ installation
This module is divided into two sections:
Environment & Installation.
Connectivity.
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ASIQ Environment and Installation
Module Map
System Requirements
Disk space
Memory
Swap
Installing ASIQ
Validating ASIQ Installation
Setting Up ODBC
Setting Up JDBC and Open Client
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ASIQ Environment and Installation
Disk Space
IQ binaries
UNIX: ~300MB (if all binaries are installed)
NT: ~120MB
Database size
IQ Main Store: 70 - 100% of raw data
IQ Temporary Store - Varies based on users and data
Data staging area
Space required to load raw data from file
Swap
2-3 times the amount of physical memory (RAM)
Database size Staging area
The IQ binary size will vary from platform to platform. Refer to the Adaptive Server IQ Installation and Feature Guide for a specific platform.
The size of the IQ Main Store depends on the types of IQ indexes used and the data itself.
If you are loading from another server, you do not need this additional space.
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ASIQ Environment and Installation
Virtual Memory
Virtual = Physical Memory + Swap Disk Space
Recommended minimum of 512MB of RAM
When the system is out of physical memory, swapping occurs
Processes are copied (swapped) out of memory to disk
Inactive pages are written from memory (paged) to disk
ASIQ has its own buffering system
Decides how to page buffers in and out of memory
Uses the operating system's swap disk
More is better
Paging and swapping
VMSTATorSAR
Sybase recommends 256MB of RAM dedicated to ASIQ.
512MB allows for the operating system and other necessarycomponents.
As with any RDBMS software, ASIQ requires a lot of memory. The more memory you can allocate to ASIQ, the better your system performance will be.
There is always a fixed limit to the amount of memory in a system. As a result, operating systems sometimes can have only part of the data in memory and the rest on disk. Paging or swapping occurs when the operating system must go out to disk and retrieve any data before a memory request can be satisfied. The primary objective of good memory management is to avoid or minimize paging or swapping.
Use the UNIX VMSTAT command or the SAR command, if available, to get statistics on the number of running processes and the number of page-outs and swaps. Use this information to find out whether the system is paging excessively, then make any necessary adjustments. Try to put your swap files on special fast disks. For more information on VMSTAT, type MAN VMSTAT.
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ASIQ Environment and Installation
Swap
Also Known As Swap Disk or Swap Partition
Recommendation: Swap should be set between 2-3 times thephysical memory
See specific operating system information about extendingswap
ASIQ uses shared memory for reads and writes
ASIQ pages out buffers to the swap disk
Insufficient swap space may result in:
System supporting fewer users
A large process may be stopped for lack of virtual memory
Swap files The most frequently used operating system files are swap files.
When memory is exhausted, the operating system swaps pages of memory to disk to make room for new data.
When the pages that were swapped are called again, other pagesare swapped, and the required memory pages are brought back.
This is very time-consuming for users with high disk-usage rates.In general, organize memory to avoid swapping and thus minimizeuse of operating system files.
Examining swapOn HP-UX: as root, type /etc/swapinfo
On Solaris:/usr/sbin/swap -s On Compaq: as root, type /sbin/swapon -s On NT: Control Panel->System->Performance
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ASIQ Environment and Installation
Basic Configuration Recommendations
System Requirement
Recommendation
Disk Space
IQ binaries (~120- ~300MB) + database size (70-100% raw data) + staging area + IQ temporary space + swap (2-3 times RAM)
RAM
Recommend 512MB (more is better)
IQ temporary space
The IQ binary size number can vary from platform to platform.
Check the Adaptive Server IQ Installation and Feature Guide for aparticular platform.
Default is set to 50% of database size.
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ASIQ Environment and Installation
Hardware Recommendations
Number and Type of Processors
More is better
Faster loading with SMP
Better multiuser performance
Faster is better
233 MHz (or more)
IQ is more CPU intensive than I/O intensive
CPU intensiveThe reason ASIQ is more CPU intensive is because of compressing and
decompressing data.
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ASIQ Environment and Installation
Module Map
System Requirements
. Installing ASIQ
UNIX install
NT install
Validating ASIQ Installation
Setting Up ODBC
Setting Up JDBC and Open Client
3-8Administering Adaptive Server IQ for the Data Warehouse, Version 1.02000 Sybase, Inc.
ASIQ Environment and Installation
Before Installing Software on UNIX
Decide what components to install
ASIQ Server will likely be installed
Optional Components
Sybase Open Client Libraries
Only need if you will load data from another Sybase server or if you want to use the ISQL client
a Version 11 or Version 12, not both
a Should install Open Client 12 unless Sybase ASE 11.x server is running on the same UNIX server
Sybase Central on the UNIX server
You need Sybase Central only if you want to run it on theUNIX server
May be installed on a Windows 9598/Win NT client
2000 Sybase, Inc.Administering Adaptive Server IQ for the Data Warehouse, Version 1.03 - 9
ASIQ Environment and Installation
Preparing for ASIQ Installation on the UNIX Platform
Before You Begin
1. Check for proper version of the OS
2. Install kernel patches (if any)
3. Set kernel parameters to suggested values
4. Configure user resource limits with ULIMIT -A, then reboot
5. Verify network functionality with TELNET host
For more information on the individual platforms, see Chapter 1, "Adjusting the Operating System Configuration," in the Adaptive Server IQ Installation and Configuration Guide.
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ASIQ Environment and Installation
Installing Adaptive Server IQ
UNIX
1. Set the environment variable $SYBASE to a file system for theASIQ binaries
2. Create the user "sybase"; home for the user "sybase" is$S YBASE
3. Mount the CD-ROM drive
4. Start the install utility, SYBINSTALL
5. Follow options on SYBINSTALL screen
Accept the default username and password for the utilitydatabase
After installation, you need to set additional environmentvariables
Mounting CD-ROM drive
Check the Adaptive Server IQ Installation and Feature Guide for the exact commands for your platform.
If you have an existing version of Open Client on your system, installing the Open Client libraries will add missing Open Client files and overwrite older files.
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ASIQ Environment and Installation
Setting Environment Variables
$SYBASE
Set to the /sybase directory (should already be set)
Contains up to three subdirectories
a asiq_12
a sybase-central_3.2 (optional)
a ociq-11_0(optional) or ociq-12_0(optional)
Open Client Open Client 11 - ociq-11_0
Open Client 12 - ociq-12_0
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ASIQ Environment and Installation
Setting Environment Variables
$ASDIR
$ASDIR = $SYBASE/asiq_12
This directory contains the ASIQ Server binaries
bin/lib
charsets/res/
includescripts
java/tix/javaconnect/
m $LD_LIBRARY_PATH
$LD_LIBRARY_PATH = $ASDIR/lib
This directory contains critical ASIQ Server library files
(continued . . .)
2000 Sybase, Inc.Administering Adaptive Server IQ for the Data Warehouse, Version 1.03-13
ASIQ Environment and Installation
Setting Environment Variables
$SYBASE_OCS
Required only if you install Open Client 12
$SYBASE_OCS = $SYBASE/ociq-12_0
$PATH
Modify your path to include the following:
a $ASDIRbin
This is for the ASIQ Server binariesa If Open Client 11 is installed:
$SYBASEbin
a If Open Client 12 is installed:
$SYBASE_OCS/bin
$ASLOGDIR (optional)
Specify a directory for ASIQ Server log messages
A new log message file will be created each time the serveris started
3-14Administering Adaptive Server IQ for the Data Warehouse, Version 1.02000 Sybase, Inc.
ASIQ Environment and Installation
Starting the ASIQ Server - UNIX
ASIQ Server must be started with a database
After installation, you must start the ASIQ Server with eitherthe asiqdemo database or the utility database
asiqdemo database
Supplied with the software
Easiest way to start and test the server installation
utility database
Never holds data
A "database" is a database file with a .db extension
Example: asiqdemo.db
The ASIQ Server must be started from a writable directory.
The directory where the server is started becomes the default directory for all files created by the ASIQ Server.
2000 Sybase, Inc.Administering Adaptive Server IQ for the Data Warehouse, Version 1.03-15
ASIQ Environment and Installation
Starting the ASIQ Server - Simple Method
Syntax:start_asiq dbname
start_asiq is located in $ASDIR/bin
Starts the server as a background process
Example:
% start_asiq asiqdemo.db
This example starts the server with the asiqdemo database, thisexample assumes you are in the $ASDIR/demo directory
The default start parameters will be used
3-16Administering Adaptive Server IQ for the Data Warehouse, Version 1.02000 Sybase, Inc.
ASIQ Environment and Installation
Starting the ASIQ Server - UNIX
Preferred method of starting the server in UNIX
Syntax:
start_asiq @configuration_file.cfg dbname
m Example:
% start_asiq @$ASDIR/demo/asiqdemo.cfg $ASDIR/demo/ asiqdemo.db
This example starts the server with the asiqdemo database
The configuration file is used to specify options you wantwhenever you start your server
2000 Sybase, Inc.Administering Adaptive Server IQforthe DataWarehouse, Version 1.03-17
ASIQ Environment and Installation
Server Configuration File
All Platforms
A file with a .cfg extension that contains server startingparameters
These parameters override default ASA engine startingparameters
Are critical parameters for ASIQ performance
Configuration file example:
-n eptgdev2_asiqdemo
-c 16m
-gd all
-gm 10
-gp 4 0 96
-x tcpip{port=2638}
Do not use commas to separate parameters in this file
Additional parameters are required to use Sybase Open Client.
Discussed in "Connectivity" module.
Example: asiqdemo.cfg
-n
eptgdev2_asiqdemo
Server name (machine name_dbname)
-c
16m
Catalog Store cache size
-gd
all
Database starting permissions
-gm
10
Number of connections (default is 10)
-gp
4096
Catalog Store page size
-x
tcpip{port=2638}
Network connection protocol; 2638 is the default port number
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ASIQ Environment and Installation
Stopping the Server
UNIX
Run the STOP utility
stop_asiq
a This utility prompts the user to stop an ASIQ Server
dbstop
a Requires connection parameters
Example:
dbstop -c
"uid=DBA;pwd=SQL;eng=eptgdev2;dbn=asiqdemo"
2000 Sybase, Inc.Administering Adaptive Server IQ for the Data Warehouse, Version 1.03-19
ASIQ Environment and Installation
Preparing for ASIQ nstallation on the NT Platform
Before You Begin
1.Check the OS
See the ASIQ Release Bulletin for latest OS releaseinformation
Special instructions apply to NT Enterprise servers usingmore than 2 GB of memory
2.Decide what components to install
ASIQ Server will probably be installed
Optional components
a Sybase Open Client Libraries - Version 11 or Version 12
Sybase Central on the NT server
3.Check for sufficient page file (swap) space
You will reboot ASIQ after software is installed
4.Decide on location for binaries
Approx. 110MB required for ASIQ Server binaries
Approx. 24MB for Open Client (optional)
Approx. 35MB for Sybase Central Java Edition (optional)
3-20Administering Adaptive Server IQ for the Data Warehouse, Version 1.02000 Sybase, Inc.
ASIQ Environment and Installation
Installing ASIQ Server Components
Required for Operation As a Network Server
1. Log in using an account with Administrator privileges
2. Exit any Windows programs running on your machine
3. Insert CD-ROM into CD-ROM drive
4. Run setup.exe
5. Select products to be installed
ASIQ Server
Click Change button to view subcomponents
a Deselect unnecessary subcomponents (as desired)
16-bit ODBC drivers
C++ development components
Sybase Central Java Edition
Open Client
6. Accept the default login (DBA) and password (SQL) for theutility database (can be changed later)
7. Click Finish to complete installation
8. Restart computer
If you have an existing version of Open Client on your system, installing the Open Client libraries will add missing Open Client files and overwrite older files.
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ASIQ Environment and Installation
Starting the Server
Start ASIQ
Click Start on the taskbar, select Programs->
Sybase->Adaptive Server IQ 12->Start ASIQ Demo Database Starts the asiqdemo database using the name of the server on which you are running ASIQ
or
At the NT command prompt:
asiqsrv12 @asiqdemo.cfg asiqdemo.db
This example assumes you are in the $ASDIR/demo directory
See the UNIX example in the student notes for contents of asiqdemo.cfg file.
To display the startup options available, enter the following at the NT command prompt:
asiqsrv12 /?
ASIQ Server must be started with a database, either the asiqdemo or utility database.
After creating a database, you can start the server with that database.
3-22Administering Adaptive Server IQ for the Data Warehouse, Version 1.02000 Sybase, Inc.
ASIQ Environment and Installation
Stopping the Server
Stop ASIQ - NT
1. Double-click the icon in the Windows system trayto display the server window
2. Click Shutdown
Command-line options during startup control whether a server is stopped even if there are active connections
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ASIQ Environment and Installation
Installing ASIQ Server Client Components
Required for Connection to a Network Server
1. Log in using an account with Administrator privileges
2. Exit any Windows programs running on your machine
3. Insert Client Components CD-ROM into CD-ROM drive
4. Run setup.exe
5. Select products to be installed
ASIQ 12 client components
a Decide which subcomponents to install (click Change)
16-bit ODBC drivers may not be needed
C++ development components (if needed)
Sybase Central Java Edition (for DBA)
Open Client 12 (if needed)
a Open Client used in this class a Not required at some sites
6. Click Finish to complete installation
7. Restart computer
Sybase Central and ASIQ are installed in separate folders unless you specify otherwise.
3-24Administering Adaptive Server IQ for the Data Warehouse, Version 1.02000 Sybase, Inc.
ASIQ Environment and Installation
Module Map
System Requirements
Installing ASIQ
Validating ASIQ Installation
Setting Up ODBC
Setting Up JDBC and Open Client
2000 Sybase, Inc.Administering Adaptive Server IQ for the Data Warehouse, Version 1.03-25
ASIQ Environment and Installation
Validating the ASIQ Environment
Was the Installation Successful?
Examine the installation log files
Access the ASIQ Server using:
DBISQL
Sybase Central (for database administration)
ISQL
Third-party tools
First, set up ODBC and JDBC
Next section
3-26Administering Adaptive Server IQ for the Data Warehouse, Version 1.02000 Sybase, Inc.
ASIQ Environment and Installation
Lab 3-1: Installation
Exercise Overview
Topics Installing ASIQ Server components
GoalsAfter completing this lab, you should be able to:
. Install ASIQ
Start the ASIQ Server using the sample database
General tasksIncrease virtual memory on your machine
Install the ASIQ Server components
Start the ASIQ Server
Define and document the ASIQ environment
Lab setup Sufficient disk space and shared memory must be available.
Must have the following CD:
Sybase Adaptive Server IQ for Microsoft Windows NT 4.0, version 12.0
2000 Sybase, Inc.Administering Adaptive Server IQ for the Data Warehouse, Version 1.03-27
ASIQ Environment and Installation
Module Map
System Requirements
Installing ASIQ
Validating ASIQ Installation
. Setting Up ODBC
Connect using DBISQL (GUI)
Connect using DBISQL (Quite Mode)
Connect using Sybase Central
Setting Up JDBC and Open Client
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ASIQ Environment and Installation
Setting Up ODBC
Start the ODBC Administrator
Start->Programs->Sybase->Adaptive Server IQ 12->ODBC Administrator
Create a DSN (Data Source Name) by clicking Add
(continued . . .)
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ASIQ Environment and Installation
Setting Up ODBC
Add a New Source
Select the Adaptive Server IQ 12 Driver
Click Finish
(continued . . .)
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2000 Sybase, Inc.
ASIQ Environment and Installation
Setting Up ODBC
Name the Data Source
(continued . . .)
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ASIQ Environment and Installation
Setting Up ODBC
Log In
Click the Login tab
Enter a user ID of DBA and a password of SQL
(continued . . .)
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ASIQ Environment and Installation
Setting Up ODBC
Database Tab
Click the Database tab
Enter the database name of asiqdemo
Enter the full path for the asiqdemo.db (Catalog Store) file
Click Browse, if desired
Can specify server name and server start command file May want to uncheck the Auto start and Auto shut down
(continued
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ASIQ Environment and Installation
Setting Up ODBC
Network Tab
Click the Network tab
Click TCP/IP
For remote servers; identify the host and port
Examples:
host=poobah:2345 host=157.133.75.36:2345
(continued . . .)
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2000 Sybase, Inc.
ASIQ Environment and Installation
Setting Up ODBC
Test the Connection
Click the ODBC tab
Click the Test Connection button
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ASIQ Environment and Installation
Connection to ASIQ using DBISQL
Interactive SQL
DBISQL is an ODBC Client for communicating with ASIQ
Comes with the software
Preferred method for communicating with ASIQ
Useful for database administration
Can be used as a simple query tool
DBISQL has two modes
GUI
Quiet Mode (no GUI)
3-36Administering Adaptive Server IQ for the Data Warehouse, Version 1.02000 Sybase, Inc.
ASIQ Environment and Installation
Starting DBISQL - GUI
Windows:
Start->Programs->Sybase->ASIQ 12->Interactive SQL
UNIX:
% dbisql -c "uid=DBA;pwd=SQL;eng=eptgdev2_asiqdemo"
Option
Description
""
Need to use double quotes
-c
Database connection parameters
uid
User id
pwd
Password
eng
Servername
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ASIQ Environment and Installation
Ready to Connect
Interactive SQL
Start->Programs->Sybase->ASIQ 12->Interactive SQL
Specify the ODBC DSN you just created
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ASIQ Environment and Installation
Interactive SQL
Enter commands in the bottom window
Function keys
F1 = Help for DBISQL
F7 = List tables (select table to list the columns)
F9 = Execute command (or click the Execute button)
F10 = Activate menus at top of window
Stop = Cancel command
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ASIQ Environment and Installation
Connect Using Command Line DBISQL
DBISQL (Quiet mode)
Syntax:
dbisql -c keyword=value; . . . ' ] [-d] [-q] [-x]
Option
Description
-d
Command delimiter (defaut is ;)
-q
Quiet mode (no window or messages), used to submit scripts
-x
Syntax check only
Example:
dbisql -c uid=DBA;pwd=SQL;eng=eptgdev2_asiqdemo' -q load.sql
In this example load.sql is the name of the script file
Parameters
Always embedded in quotes.
Separated by a semicolon.
See Chapter 2 of the Adaptive Server IQ Administration Guide or Chapter 3 of the Adaptive Server IQ Reference Manual.
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ASIQ Environment and Installation
Connecting Through Sybase Central
Graphical user interface to Sybase database products
Can use ODBC or JDBC to connect
This is a Java version of Sybase Central for use only withASIQ
To connect to ASIQ (NT):
1.Open the Adaptive Server IQ 12 folder
Click Start on the taskbar, select Programs->Sybase->ASIQ12->Sybase Central
2.Enter a login and password in the connection dialog boxTo connect to ASIQ (UNIX):
% cd $SYBASE/sybcentral % scjview
2000 Sybase, Inc.Administering Adaptive Server IQ for the Data Warehouse, Version 1.03-41
ASIQ Environment and Installation
Sybase Central
Connecting to a Database
On the Sybase Central menu bar, selectTools->Connect->ASIQ
In the connection box, click ODBC and enter the data sourcename
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ASIQ Environment and Installation
Sybase Central Features
Create an IQ database
Add or remove database devices
Create tables, views, and indexes
Create stored procedures
Add users and groups and manage permissions
2000 Sybase, Inc.Administering Adaptive Server IQ for the Data Warehouse, Version 1.03-43
ASIQ Environment and Installation
Module Map
System Requirements
Installing ASIQ
Validating ASIQ Installation
Setting Up ODBC
Setting Up JDBC and Open Client
3-44Administering Adaptive Server IQ for the Data Warehouse, Version 1.02000 Sybase, Inc.
ASIQ Environment and Installation
Database Configuration File for Open Client 12
This step is required only if you access an ASIQ 12 with OpenClient 12
Add a parameter in the server configuration for the databasename
Use a second -n parameter for the database name
This database name is used in the interfaces file as the servername
Example:
-n eptgdev2_asiqdemo -c 16m -gd all -gm 10 -gp 4 0 96
-n asiqdemo
See the ASIQ Release Bulletin on Open Client Library changes
2000 Sybase, Inc.Administering Adaptive Server IQ for the Data Warehouse, Version 1.03-45
ASIQ Environment and Installation
Setting Up JDBC and Open Client
Set up a server entry using DSEDIT
Start->Programs->Sybase->Open Client Directory Services Editor
Click OK
(continued . . .)
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Administering Adaptive Server IQ for the Data Warehouse, Version 1.0
2000 Sybase, Inc.
ASIQ Environment and Installation
Setting Up JDBC and Open Client
Under Server Object, click Add
(continued . . .)
2000 Sybase, Inc.
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ASIQ Environment and Installation
Setting Up JDBC and Open Client
Enter the server name
Enter the network address for the server
(continued . . .)
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Administering Adaptive Server IQ for the Data Warehouse, Version 1.0
2000 Sybase, Inc.
ASIQ Environment and Installation
Setting Up JDBC
Dsedit should look similar to this:
You can ping the server to test the connection you made
2000 Sybase, Inc.
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ASIQ Environment and Installation
Connect Using ISQL
Start ISQL from command window
Example:
isql -UDBA -PSQL -Sasiqdemo [-i][-o]
You are connected to your database
No concept of USE DATABASE
Command terminator default is still "go"
3-50Administering Adaptive Server IQ for the Data Warehouse, Version 1.02000 Sybase, Inc.
ASIQ Environment and Installation
ISQL Versus DBISQL
You cannot direct output from DBISQL
No equivalent to ISQL -o parameter
IQ has TEMP_EXTRACT options for SELECT
DBISQL command terminator is a semicolon (;)
DBISQL can start the server, if desired
2000 Sybase, Inc.Administering Adaptive Server IQ for the Data Warehouse, Version 1.03-51
ASIQ Environment and Installation
sp_iqstatus
Shows information about the current database
Database name
Creation date
IQ Page size
Block size
IQ-specific stored procedure, which is valid only on ASIQ servers
If you are unable to connect and execute a command, check the "Troubleshooting" section of the Adaptive Server IQ Administration Guide.
IQ Page sizeAdaptive Server IQ displays the IQ Page size in addition to the
block size. For example:
Page Size: 1024/512blksz/2bpc
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ASIQ Environment and Installation
Running sp_iqstatus Command to Check ASIQ
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ASIQ Environment and Installation
Summary of Installation Steps
Prepare for the ASIQ install
Disk space
RAM
Perform the installation
Follow steps outlined and use installation guide
Verify the installation
DBISQL
Sybase Central (for database administration)
ISQL
Run sp_iqstatus to show database information
For more information on the individual platform installations, see the appropriate Adaptive Server IQ Installation and Feature Guide.
3-54Administering Adaptive Server IQ for the Data Warehouse, Version 1.02000 Sybase, Inc.
ASIQ Environment and Installation
Lab 3-2: Connectivity
Exercise Overview
Topics How to use the ODBC Administrator
Setting up a server entry using DSEDIT
Connecting to the server using Interactive SQL
GoalsAfter completing this lab, you should be able to:
Set up a DSN using the ODBC Administrator
Use DSEDIT set up JDBC
Connect to the server using Interactive SQL
General tasks Access the asiqdemo database using Interactive SQL and ODBC.
Run sp_iqstatus to list information about the asiqdemo database.
Install student files for later use.
Lab setup Must have installed the ASIQ Server in Lab 3-1.
2000 Sybase, Inc.Administering Adaptive Server IQ for the Data Warehouse, Version 1.03-55
4
Creating Databases
Administering Adaptive Server IQ for the Data Warehouse
Version 1.0 2000 Sybase, Inc.
Creating Databases
Module Overview
This module describes how to create and administer an ASIQ database.
Objectives
After completing this module, you should be able to:
Determine space requirements for a database
Create/drop a database
Add space to a database
Drop space from a database
2000 Sybase, Inc.Administering Adaptive Server IQ for the Data Warehouse, Version 1.04-1
Creating Databases
Database Review
Created using CREATE DATABASE command
IQ database
IQ Store Catalog Store Transaction Log IQ Temporary Store IQ Message Log File
Con