Download - Environment i Chapter
-
7/31/2019 Environment i Chapter
1/14
-
7/31/2019 Environment i Chapter
2/14
INTRODUCTIONThe science of Environment studies is a multi-disciplinary
science because it comprises various branches of studies like
chemistry, physics, medical science, life science, agriculture,
public health, sanitary engineering, etc.
Literary environment means the surrounding external
conditions influencing development or growth of people,
animal or plants; living or working conditions, etc.
-
7/31/2019 Environment i Chapter
3/14
Definitions of Environment :
1. Boring: A persons environment consists of the sum total of thestimulation which he receives from his conception until his death.It can be concluded from the above definition that Environmentcomprises various types of forces such as physical, intellectual,economic, political, cultural, social, moral and emotional.
Environment is the sum total of all the external forces, influencesand conditions, which affect the life, nature, behaviour and thegrowth, development and maturation of living organisms.
2. Douglas and Holland: The term environment is used to describe, in theaggregate, all the external forces, influences andconditions, which affect the life, nature, behaviourand the growth, development and maturity ofliving organisms.
-
7/31/2019 Environment i Chapter
4/14
Components of Environment :
Atmosphere
Biosphere
Hydrosphere
Lithosphere
-
7/31/2019 Environment i Chapter
5/14
Atmosphere
The Earth is surrounded by a blanket of air, which wecall the atmosphere. It reaches over 560 kilometers (348miles) from the surface of the Earth, so we are only ableto see what occurs fairly close to the ground.
The atmosphere protects life on Earth by absorbingultraviolet solar radiation, warming the surfacethrough heat retention (greenhouse effect), and
reducing temperature extremes between day andnight.
-
7/31/2019 Environment i Chapter
6/14
The atmosphere is primarily composed of:
Nitrogen (N2, 78%)Oxygen (O2, 21%)Argon (Ar , 1%)
Earth's atmosphere can be divided into five main
layers.
Troposphere
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
Thermosphere
-
7/31/2019 Environment i Chapter
7/14
-
7/31/2019 Environment i Chapter
8/14
Biosphere
Thebiosphereis the portion of earth in which all known lifeforms exist. It occupies a thin layer of air (atmosphere), water(hydrosphere), and land (lithosphere).
-
7/31/2019 Environment i Chapter
9/14
A hydrosphere in physical geography describesthe combined mass of water found on, under,and over the surface of a planet.
Hydrosphere
Approximately 75% of the Earth's surface, anarea of some 361 million square kilometers(139.5 million square miles), is covered
by ocean. The average salinity of the Earth'soceans is about 35 grams of salt per kilogram ofsea water (3.5%)
-
7/31/2019 Environment i Chapter
10/14
Nature 97% of the earths water supply is in theoceans.
About 2% of the water resources is locked in thepolar icecaps and glaciers.
Only about 1% is available as fresh surface waterrivers, lakes streams, and ground water fit to beused for human consumption and other uses.
-
7/31/2019 Environment i Chapter
11/14
Hydrological Cycle
-
7/31/2019 Environment i Chapter
12/14
LithosphereLithosphere is the outer mantle of the solid
earth. It consists of minerals occurring in the
earths crusts and the soil e.g. minerals, organic
matter, air and water.
-
7/31/2019 Environment i Chapter
13/14
Inner Core 1200 km madeof solid Fe, Ni.
Outer Core 2250 km madeof liquid Fe, Ni.
Mantle 2900
km made ofdense rocks.
Crust 5 40km made ofsolid lighterrocks.
-
7/31/2019 Environment i Chapter
14/14