Project Proponent
Central Pulp Mills
Fort Songadh, Distt. Tapi-394660
Gujarat
EIA Consultant Technical Consultant
Cholamandalam MS Risk Services Limited SPB Projects and Consultancy Limited
QCI Accredited EIA Consulting Organization Esvin House, Perungudi,
Parry House 3rd Floor, Chennai-600 096
No:2, N.S.C Bose Road [email protected]
www.cholarisk.com
January 2019
Environmental Impact Assessment For
the Proposed Modernization and Expansion Plan (MEP) of
Existing Paper/Board Manufacturing Plant at JKPL Unit: CPM, Fort
Songadh, Dist Tapi, Gujarat
EIA for the Proposed Modernization and Expansion Plan (MEP) of Existing Paper/Board Manufacturing Plant at JKPL Unit: CPM, Fort Songadh, Dist Tapi, Gujarat
Document Ref: PJ-ENVIR-201865-1768
Dated: January 2019
Declaration
Prepared by Cholamandalam MS Risk Services Limited and SPB-PC Page 2
JK Paper Limited, Unit CPM, Fort Songadh, Dist. Tapi has conducted the
“Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the proposed Modernization and
Expansion Plan (MEP) of the existing Paper/Board Manufacturing Plant by
increasing the mill’s paper/board capacity from 1,60,800 TPA to 3,60,800 TPA
consisting of installation of a New Board Machine, Bleached Hard Wood Pulp
mill (HWP), Bleached Chemi Thermo Mechanical Pulp (BCTMP) mill,
Augmentation/modernization of Chemical Recovery, Utilities and Services to
support the post MEP operations.
The EIA report preparations have been undertaken in compliance with the Terms
of Reference (ToR) issued by MoEF & CC. Information and content provided in
the report is factually correct for the purpose and objective for such study
undertaken.
We hereby declare the ownership of contents (information and data) of EIA/EMP
Report.
For on behalf of JK Paper Ltd, Unit CPM, Tapi
Signature :
Name :
Designation :
Date :
DECLARATION BY PROJECT PROPONENT
EIA for the Proposed Modernization and Expansion Plan (MEP) of Existing Paper/Board Manufacturing Plant at JKPL Unit: CPM, Fort Songadh, Dist Tapi, Gujarat
Document Ref: PJ-ENVIR-201865-1768
Dated: January 2019
Declaration
Prepared by Cholamandalam MS Risk Services Limited and SPB-PC Page 3
This EIA report has been prepared by “Cholamandalam MS Risk Services Limited
(CMSRSL), in line with EIA Notification, dated 14th September 2006, seeking
prior Environmental Clearance from the Ministry of Environment, Forests and
Climate Change, New Delhi.
This work has been undertaken in accordance with ISO 9001:2008 Quality
Management System with all reasonable skill, care and diligence within the terms
of the contract with the client, incorporating our General Terms & Conditions of
Business and taking account of the resources devoted to it by agreement with the
client.
We disclaim any responsibility to the client and others in respect of any matters
outside the scope of the above.
Further, this report is confidential to the client and the use of this report by
unauthorized third parties without written authorization from CMSRSL shall be
at their own risk.
For and on behalf of Cholamandalam MS Risk Services Limited
Approved by :N.V.Subba Rao
Sign :
Designation : Chief Executive
Date :17h January 2019
DECLARATION BY EIA CONSULTANT
EIA for the Proposed Modernization and Expansion Plan (MEP) of Existing Paper/Board Manufacturing Plant at JKPL Unit: CPM, Fort Songadh, Dist Tapi, Gujarat
Document Ref: PJ-ENVIR-201865-1768
Dated: January 2019
Declaration
Prepared by Cholamandalam MS Risk Services Limited and SPB-PC Page 4
I, hereby, certify that I was part of the EIA team in the following capacity that developed the above EIA.
Sector as per NABET Scheme
24
Pulp & paper industry excluding manufacturing of paper from wastepaper and manufacture of paper from ready pulp without bleaching
Sector as per EIA Notification
5(i)
Pulp & paper industry excluding manufacturing of paper from wastepaper and manufacture of paper from ready pulp without bleaching
EIA Coordinator: Name :V.S.Bhaskar
Signature : Date : 17th January 2019 Period of Involvement : June 2018 to till date Contact Information : M/s. Cholamandalam MS Risk Services Limited
“ParryHouse, 3rd Floor,No. 2, NSC Bose Road, Chennai – 600 001 [email protected] +91-044- 3044 5620
Functional Area Experts:
S.No.
Functional Areas Name of the
Expert/s Involvement
(Period and Task) Signature
1
AP- Air Pollution Prevention, Monitoring & Control
Mr. V S Bhaskar
June 2018 to till date Task: Site visit, design of Ambient air quality monitoring network, evaluation of result of ambient air quality monitoring, inferring baseline data collected, identification of potential impact to air quality during construction and operation phase, developing and finalizing EMP to minimize impact to air quality.
PROJECT DECLARATION BY EIA CONSULTANT
EIA for the Proposed Modernization and Expansion Plan (MEP) of Existing Paper/Board Manufacturing Plant at JKPL Unit: CPM, Fort Songadh, Dist Tapi, Gujarat
Document Ref: PJ-ENVIR-201865-1768
Dated: January 2019
Declaration
Prepared by Cholamandalam MS Risk Services Limited and SPB-PC Page 5
S.No.
Functional Areas Name of the
Expert/s Involvement
(Period and Task) Signature
2
AQ- Meteorology, Air Quality Modeling & Prediction
Mr. V S Bhaskar
June 2018 to till date
Task: Supervision of air quality modeling and identification of impacts due to proposed expansion. Finalization of mitigation measures with client.
3
WP- Water Pollution Monitoring Prevention & Control
Mr. V S Bhaskar
June 2018 to till date Task: Site visit, Finalization of sampling locations, finalizing water balance for the project, inference of baseline data collected identification of impacts and preparation of mitigation plan.
4 MSW – Municipal Solid Waste
Ms. Sathya.S
June 2018 to till date Task: Identification of solid waste to be generated from the industry and suggesting mitigation plan and coordination with EIA coordinator & functional area experts in report writing
5 SE- Socio-Economic Aspects
Mr. Karthick C S
June 2018 to till date Task: Undertaking primary socio-economic survey, identification of social impact due to proposed project, preparation of mitigation plan, development of CSR plan.
6 EB- Ecology and Biodiversity
Dr. T. Balakrishna
June 2018 to till date Task: Field survey. Impact prediction and suggesting mitigation measures. Preparation of ecology management plan.
7 LU- Land Use T.P.Natesan
June 2018 to till date Task: Preparation of land use land cover maps for the study area using GIS/ related tools followed by ground truth verification.
8 HG- Hydrology Ground Water & Water
T.P.Natesan June 2018 to till date Task: Aquifer details, groundwater potential,
EIA for the Proposed Modernization and Expansion Plan (MEP) of Existing Paper/Board Manufacturing Plant at JKPL Unit: CPM, Fort Songadh, Dist Tapi, Gujarat
Document Ref: PJ-ENVIR-201865-1768
Dated: January 2019
Declaration
Prepared by Cholamandalam MS Risk Services Limited and SPB-PC Page 6
S.No.
Functional Areas Name of the
Expert/s Involvement
(Period and Task) Signature
Conservation GEO- Geology
determination of ground use pattern, Study of local hydro-geology, development of rainwater harvesting program, preparation of contour map for the study area and estimation of groundwater direction.
9 RH- Risk & Hazard Management
Mr. V S Bhaskar
June 2018 to till date Task: Identification of risk due to storage of fuel and raw materials, interpreting consequence contours, suggesting risk mitigation measures.
Other Team involved:
1. Ms. Sujatha Gurudev –Functional Area Associate 2. Mr. Mahendra B.- Functional Area Associate 3. Ms. Supritha Vijayakumar – Technical Associate 4. Ms. Shalini Sourav- Technical Associate 5. Ms. Megha Merin Joy- Technical Associate
Declaration by the Head of the Accredited Consultant Organization/ Authorized
Person
I, N.V.Subbarao, hereby, confirm that the above mentioned experts prepared the EIA
Report for the “Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Proposed Modernization
and Expansion by Increasing Paper/Board Production from 1,60,800 TPA to 3,60,800
TPA by installing a new board manufacturing unit of capacity 2,00,000 TPA.” I also confirm that the consultant organization shall be fully accountable for any
misleading information mentioned in this statement.
Signature :
Name : N V Subbarao
Name of the EIA Consultant Organization : M/s.Cholamandalam MS Risk
Services Ltd
NABET Certificate No. :NABET/EIA/1619/SA076
EIA for the Proposed Modernization and Expansion Plan (MEP) of Existing Paper/Board Manufacturing Plant at JKPL Unit: CPM, Fort Songadh, Dist Tapi, Gujarat
Document Ref: PJ-ENVIR-201865-1768
Dated: January 2019
Executive Summary
Prepared by Cholamandalam MS Risk Services Limited and SPB-PC Page 7
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1. Introduction
JK Paper Ltd. has two large integrated paper manufacturing units namely JK Paper
Mills at Rayagada, Odisha and Central Pulp Mills (CPM) at Songadh, Gujarat with a
combined capacity of 4,55,000 TPA. It is the market leader in Branded Copier paper
segment and among the top players in Coated Paper and high-end Packaging Boards
and is a leading exporter of Branded Copier Papers from India.
Unit CPM, Songadh commenced production in 1968 and was acquired by JK Group in
1992. Unit CPM, Songadh is spreading in an area of 363 acres of land comprising
main plant and its supporting facilities, colony, green belt and plantation area.
1.1. Proposed Project
In the view of upgrading the existing paper and pulp mill at unit CPM, the
management of JKPL has proposed to increase the paper/board production capacity
from 1,60,800 TPA to 3,60,800 TPA by installing a new board manufacturing unit of
capacity 2,00,000 TPA. The existing pulp mill of capacity 60,000 BD TPA will be
replaced with ECF based Chemical Wood Pulp (CWP) mill of capacity 1,60,000 BD TPA
which will be shifted from JKPL, Rayagada unit and re-installed. A new Bleached
Chemi Thermo Mechanical Pulp (BCTMP) of capacity 1,00,000 AD TPA, De-Inking
Plant (DIP) of capacity 150 BD TPD and Secondary Fibre Treatment (SFT) Plant of
capacity 400 BD TPD are proposed to cater to the fibre demand of the varieties of
Boards for the proposed new Board machine. The supporting facilities for the proposed
increase in capacities such as chemical recovery section, power plant, effluent
treatment plant (ETP) will be augmented/upgraded based on the requirement.
1.2. EIA Study
The proposed Mill Expansion Plan (MEP) involves manufacturing of additional product
including pulp, the proposed project falls under category “A” under sector 5(i) of the
EIA notification 2006. In addition, it is proposed to increase the existing captive power
plant capacity from 30.25 MW to 72.00 MW which falls under category “B” under
sector 1(d) of the EIA Notification 2006. Since the existing mill site does not fall under
EIA for the Proposed Modernization and Expansion Plan (MEP) of Existing Paper/Board Manufacturing Plant at JKPL Unit: CPM, Fort Songadh, Dist Tapi, Gujarat
Document Ref: PJ-ENVIR-201865-1768
Dated: January 2019
Executive Summary
Prepared by Cholamandalam MS Risk Services Limited and SPB-PC Page 8
any notified industrial area, public consultation will be conducted as per the
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification 2006.
The EIA study was undertaken by M/s Cholamandalam MS Risk Services Limited, a
NABET accredited EIA consultant organization in conformity with the guidelines of
Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change (MoEF&CC), covering all the
aspects of the conditions mentioned in the Terms of Reference issued by MoEF &CC
F.No. IA-J-11011/416/2008-IA.II(I), dated, 9th October 2018.
2. Environmental Management Aspects in the Existing Facility
The existing facility is permitted and consented to produce 1,60,800 TPA of writing
and printing paper and packaging board and pulp production capacity of 60,000 BD
TPA as per the Environmental Clearance obtained from Ministry of Environment, Forest
& Climate Change (MoEF&CC). The facility is granted with Consolidated Consent and
Authorization (CC&A) from GPCB vide their Consent No. AWH-63794 dated
28.07.2014, valid up to 10.04.2019 under Water (P & CP) Act 1974 and Air (P & CP)
Act 1981 as amended and under Hazardous Waste (M &H and TM) Rules 2008. JKPL,
Unit CPM is regularly submitting the compliance report to Regional Office, MoEF&CC,
and the facility has obtained certified compliance report for Environmental Clearance
2008 from MoEF&CC Regional Office, Bhopal vide letter No. 5-266/2008(ENV)/316
dated 07/08/2018.
The mill has total land area of 363 acres (Plant area 201 acres and Colony area 162
acres). The total areas of green belt and plantation constitutes to about 120 acres
covering about 33% of total area. The existing facility consists of paper machines,
board machine, pulp mill, captive power plant, chemical recovery section, lime kiln,
effluent treatment plant and other supporting facilities. The facility is permitted to
generate 30.25 MW of power from the captive power plant. The facility is permitted to
draw 5 MGD (22,730 m3/day) of water from Ukai Left Bank Main Canal. Currently the
fresh water consumption is about 20,500 m3/day including domestic and industrial
applications.
EIA for the Proposed Modernization and Expansion Plan (MEP) of Existing Paper/Board Manufacturing Plant at JKPL Unit: CPM, Fort Songadh, Dist Tapi, Gujarat
Document Ref: PJ-ENVIR-201865-1768
Dated: January 2019
Executive Summary
Prepared by Cholamandalam MS Risk Services Limited and SPB-PC Page 9
The flue gases generated from Boilers is the only source of emission which is vented
out through stacks of adequate dimensions after passing through ESPs and pollution
control systems. Electrostatic Precipitators (ESP) are installed on all 4 power boilers,
recovery boiler and also lime kiln to control the dust emissions to levels below the
stipulated norms of GPCB. Continuous emission monitoring systems have been
installed on all the stacks. In order to control the fugitive emissions from the coal and
ash handling areas, water sprinkling systems are installed.
Odour emissions are controlled at the existing facility by use of “closed feed” system in
the batch reactors. 100 % processing of black liquor in the evaporator for further
processing in the recovery boiler has been adopted. Ambient Air quality in the existing
facility is monitored once in a month and the data is submitted annually to GPCB.
The total wastewater generated at the existing facility is about 17,500 m³/day. The
existing ETP is designed for a capacity to handle 30,000 m³/day effluents. An online
wastewater quality monitoring system is installed to monitor the final treated
wastewater quality which is connected to GPCB server. The treated wastewater quality
conforms to the GPCB prescribed discharge limits.
More then 85% of the treated wastewater is utilized for irrigation needs and further
efforts are being made to utilize treated effluent for irrigation purpose. River water
quality data of the upstream and downstream of the Godanala confluence was
reported to be in line with water quality objectives stipulated by CPCB. Apart from
utilizing the treated wastewater for the existing greenbelt and plantation in the
company owned lands, it also being supplied to irrigation needs of the local farmers.
About 1050 acres of land in the nearby areas is getting benefitted due to utilization of
treated wastewater in the area.
Wood dust generated during the process of wood chipping is used as a fuel along with
coal in coal fired boiler. Fly ash from boilers is disposed as per fly ash management
rule 2009 and is utilized for the manufacturing of bricks and cement. Hazardous
waste generated from the existing facility includes ETP sludge and used oil which is
sold to board manufacturers and given to authorized recyclers respectively.
EIA for the Proposed Modernization and Expansion Plan (MEP) of Existing Paper/Board Manufacturing Plant at JKPL Unit: CPM, Fort Songadh, Dist Tapi, Gujarat
Document Ref: PJ-ENVIR-201865-1768
Dated: January 2019
Executive Summary
Prepared by Cholamandalam MS Risk Services Limited and SPB-PC Page 10
3. Details of the Proposed Project
The proposed Mill Modernization and Expansion Plan (MEP) is conceptualized to
increase the mill’s paper/board capacity to 360,800 tpa (increase by 200,000 tpa) with
Bleached Hard Wood Pulp (HWP) and Bleached Chemi Thermo Mechanical Pulp
(BCTMP). The details of the Mill Expansion Plan (MEP) are presented in detail in the
below Table;
Table-1: Plant Capacities (Existing v/s Post MEP)
S.No Description Unit Existing Post MEP
Incremental
Proposal
1 Paper/Board Machines section
1.1 PM#1&2 (PWP) tpa 60,000 60,000 - Existing will continue
1.2 PM#3 (Board) tpa 100,800 100,800 - Existing will continue
1.3 PM#4 (New Board)
tpa - 200,000 200,000 New Unit
1.4 Total Paper/board Production
tpa 160,800 360,800 200,000 -
tpd 480 1,080 600 -
1.5 Deinking Plant BD tpd - 150 150 New or Existing SFT will be converted to DIP
1.6 Secondary Fibre Treatment (SFT) Plant
BD tpd 200 600 400 Existing will be used with New 400 tpd SFT plant
2 Pulp Mill
2.1 Bleached Chemical Wood Pulp mill
BD tpa 60,000 160,000 100,000 Relocating and Reinstallation from JKPL unit, Rayagada, Orissa, with Upgradation. The existing pulp mill of capacity 60,000 BD tpa will be retired.
BD tpd 175 460 285
2.2 BCTMP mill AD tpa 100,000 100,000 New Unit
AD tpd 300 300
2.3 ClO2 plant tpd 2 15 15
Existing Non-integrated ClO2plant will be retired and New integrated ClO2 plant will be installed.
2.4 Oxygen Generation Plant
Nm3/hr 200 500 500
Installation of new O2generation plant of capacity 500 Nm3/hr. The existing O2 generation plant will be retired.
2.5 Pulp Wet lapping machine
tpd 150 150 New wet lap machine
3 Recovery plant
3.1 Evaporator
tph of water
evaporation
70 300 230
Existing Evaporator will be used for BCTMP waste liquor evaporation along with Reinstalled evaporator with upgradation
3.2 Recovery boiler
tpd of black liquor solids
335 950 950
Existing recovery boilerwill be retired and a new Recovery boiler will be installed
3.3 Lime kiln tpd of 90 230 140 Existing will be used
EIA for the Proposed Modernization and Expansion Plan (MEP) of Existing Paper/Board Manufacturing Plant at JKPL Unit: CPM, Fort Songadh, Dist Tapi, Gujarat
Document Ref: PJ-ENVIR-201865-1768
Dated: January 2019
Executive Summary
Prepared by Cholamandalam MS Risk Services Limited and SPB-PC Page 11
S.No Description Unit Existing Post MEP
Incremental
Proposal
lime alongwith re-installed lime kiln from JKPM or JKPM lime kiln will be re-installed with upgradation.
3.4 Recausticising plant
Whilte liquor
cum/day 1,000 3,000 2000
Existing plant will be upgraded with additional equipment.
4 Power Plant
4.1 Power Boilers tph of steam
170 360 190
CFB#1-20 (To be Retired) CFB#2 - 30 (To be Retired) CFB#3-50 (Operating), CFB#4 - 70 (Operating) New CFB#5 - 150 tph
(Operating) New CFB#6 - 90 tph (Standby)
4.2 Turbo Generators
MW 30.25 72.00 41.75
TG#1 - 3.125 (To be Retired), TG#2 - 3.125 (To be Retired) TG#3 - 12 (Operating), TG#4 - 12 (Operating) New TG#5 - 30 MW and New TG#6 18 MW will be installed
5 Others
5.1 PG Plant Nm³/hr 3000 10000 7000 New 7000 Nm³/h will be installed
5.2
Precipitated Calcium Carbonate (PCC) Plant (CaCO3)
tpm 1200 1200 -
Existing capacity is adequate. No change
5.3 Silicate Nano Fibers (CaSiO3)
tpm 1500 1500 - Existing capacity is adequate. No change
5.4 GCC plant tpd -- 100 100 New 100 tpd GCC plant will be installed
6 Water and Wastewater
6.1 Water Intake and Treatment Plant
m³/day 35,000 45,000 10000 Intake pump station and WTP will be upgraded.
6.2 Waste Water Treatment
m³/day
30,000
45,000
15000
The existing ETP will be upgraded up to tertiary level to meet the additional hydraulic volumes during the post project scenario
Some of the salient features of the proposed MEP are as below;
Replacing existing chlorine-based pulp mill with Elemental Chlorine Free (ECF)
process
Replacing existing conventional old digesters with state-of-the-art RDH cooking
Replacing old recovery boiler with new high pressure and efficient recovery
boiler
Installation of new BCTMP plant to substitute costly imported pulp
Making the mill more self-reliant on pulp for board/paper making
EIA for the Proposed Modernization and Expansion Plan (MEP) of Existing Paper/Board Manufacturing Plant at JKPL Unit: CPM, Fort Songadh, Dist Tapi, Gujarat
Document Ref: PJ-ENVIR-201865-1768
Dated: January 2019
Executive Summary
Prepared by Cholamandalam MS Risk Services Limited and SPB-PC Page 12
Generating more bio-fuel (black liquor solids) based energy
State-of-the-art Multilayer Coated Board Machine with energy efficiency
High pressure, high efficiency FBC boiler for better power generation through
co-generation
Higher efficiency turbo generators with low specific steam/t kWh
High efficiency ESP for coal fired boiler, Recovery boiler and Lime kiln to meet
stringent Particulate Matter (PM) norms
Non-Condensable Gases (NCG) collection system to collect Non-Condensable
Gases and incinerate in Lime kiln
Producer Gas (PG) plant to fire gas in lime kiln to reduce consumption of costly
furnace oil.
Adopting water conservation and efficient water management
Recycle and water conservation to reduce specific fresh water consumption
Upgradation of Wastewater treatment plant by segregating the colored and non-
colored effluents with tertiary treatment
3.1. Project Requirements
Major raw material for the proposed MEP is wood. The additional requirement of
3,52,000 TPA of wood/bamboo will be sourced from own plantation along with
purchase from local supply to meet any shortages. JKPL, Unit CPM has implemented
social and farm forestry plantations of Eucalyptus, Subabul and Casuarina within 350
Km radius of the mill covering different parts of Gujarat, Maharashtra and Madhya
Pradesh is about 1,35,000 acres of land. In addition, JKPL unit CPM has developed an
action plan for enhancing captive plantation by planting saplings within the facility.
The MEP proposals in the pulp mill are more focused on eliminating elemental
chlorine in bleaching, conservation of energy, water and reduction in specific chemical
consumption in bleaching. To meet the additional steam demand for power generation,
the Captive power plant capacity will be increased from 30.25 MW to 72.00 MW by
adding a new 30 MW TG, 18 MW TG and 150 tph CFBC boiler and 90 tph CFB boiler.
The existing two TGs of capacity 3.125 MW each and existing two boilers of capacities
20 tph and 30 tph will be retired.
Black liquor (generated in-house), indigenous, imported coal, lignite, furnace oil and
pet coke are the fuels. Coal/lignite will be used for power and steam generation.
EIA for the Proposed Modernization and Expansion Plan (MEP) of Existing Paper/Board Manufacturing Plant at JKPL Unit: CPM, Fort Songadh, Dist Tapi, Gujarat
Document Ref: PJ-ENVIR-201865-1768
Dated: January 2019
Executive Summary
Prepared by Cholamandalam MS Risk Services Limited and SPB-PC Page 13
Furnace oil with producer gas will be used in lime mud reburning kiln and furnace oil
will be used in start-up and stabilising the operations of chemical recovery boiler.
The total fresh water requirement will be increased from 20,500 m3/day to 37,000
m3/day whereas the specific water consumption will reduce from 40 m3/t to 32m3/t of
paper/board production. Necessary In principle Permission has been obtained for
additional quantity from Narmada Water Resource Water Supply and Kalpsar
Department.
Since the available free space in the mill will be used for project facilities, no additional
land is required.
4. Summary of Baseline Monitoring Studies
The project site (existing mill) is located at Village Gunsada, Bhimpura, Singalkhanch,
Fort Songadh Taluk, Tapi District in the State of Gujarat. The study area covers 10
km radius around the boundaries of the project site. As a part of EIA, the primary
baseline data monitoring has been conducted for three (3) months i.e., from 24th
September 2018 to 23rd December 2018 and the data has been generated by
MoEF&CC approved & NABL accredited Environmental Testing Laboratory M/s.
Vardan Enviro laboratory, Gurgaon. This baseline studies include Ambient Air
Quality Monitoring (AAQM), Soil Quality analysis, Water Quality analysis (Ground and
Surface water), and noise monitoring within 10 km radius of the Plant site as per the
Terms of Reference (ToR) issued by the MoEF&CC.
Eight (8) locations within the 10 km radius around the study area were selected for
soil sampling including three (3) locations where treated wastewater is utilized for
land irrigation. The pH of the soil ranges from 7.2 to 8.32 indicating that soil is
classified into moderately alkaline. The concentration of chlorides varied from 55.45
mg/100g to 93.79 mg/100g. Available Nitrogen level in the soil was found ranged
from 196 kg/ha to 362kg/ha (low to medium category). Calcium is in the range of
45.01 mg/100g to 73.26 mg/100g. No contamination of soil including the samples
where treated wastewater is utilized for land irrigation was observed.
The continuous weather monitoring station was installed near the proposed project
site at a height of 6m above the ground level and hourly measurements of the
following parameters were measured at site during the study period i.e. from 24th
EIA for the Proposed Modernization and Expansion Plan (MEP) of Existing Paper/Board Manufacturing Plant at JKPL Unit: CPM, Fort Songadh, Dist Tapi, Gujarat
Document Ref: PJ-ENVIR-201865-1768
Dated: January 2019
Executive Summary
Prepared by Cholamandalam MS Risk Services Limited and SPB-PC Page 14
September 2018 to 23rd December 2018. The predominant wind direction during the
study period was from East and North East. Ambient Air Quality (AAQ) monitoring
was conducted at eight (8) locations in the study area as per CPCB guidelines. The
average concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, SO2 and NOX in the study area ranged from
27.9 µg/m3 to 51.5 µg/m3, 57.8 µg/m3 to 86.5 µg/m3, 14.1 µg/m3 to 26 µg/m3 and
24.4 µg/m3 to 28.9 µg/m3 which is within the permissible range of 60 µg/m3, 100
µg/m3, 80 µg/m3 and 80 µg/m3 respectively as per NAAQ standards prescribed by
CPCB. Noise levels were recorded at the Mill site and other seven locations in the
study area. The observed values are complying with the NAAQ standards w.r.t. noise
prescribed by CPCB.
To assess the water quality of the study area, the water samples were collected at
Upstream and downstream of the Tapi River which is the major source of water for
the project. pH of Tapi River, Upstream and downstream water is in the range of 8.04
mg/l to 8.05 mg/l which is moderately alkaline. The TDS levels in the surface water of
upstream and downstream was found be 490 mg/l and 498 mg/l respectively. The
Fluoride concentration of Upstream and downstream was found to 0.65mg/l and
0.60mg/l respectively. The microbiological content as total coliform of upstream and
downstream was found to be 220 MPN/100 ml. All the values observed from the
analysis of river water were found to be within the permissible limits as per drinking
water, IS: 10500 –2012 “Specification for drinking Water”. To assess the ground water
quality of the study area, eight (8) ground water sampling locations were selected. The
analysis results of ground water samples indicate that the average pH ranged in
between 7.2 to 8.2. TDS ranged from 351.21 mg/l to 670 mg/l. The heavy metal
concentration was found to be Below Detectable Limit and fluoride concentrations
were observed to be in the ranges of 0.35mg/l to 0.58 mg/l. All the values observed
from the analysis of ground water were found to be within the permissible limits as
per drinking water, IS: 10500 –2012 “Specification for drinking Water”.
Flora and fauna studies were carried out during 26th – 29th September 2018 to assess
the list of terrestrial plant and animal species that occur in the core zone and the
buffer zone up to 10 km distance from the core zone boundary. As diversity of the
project concerned Zone III (10Km radius from project boundary) showed higher
EIA for the Proposed Modernization and Expansion Plan (MEP) of Existing Paper/Board Manufacturing Plant at JKPL Unit: CPM, Fort Songadh, Dist Tapi, Gujarat
Document Ref: PJ-ENVIR-201865-1768
Dated: January 2019
Executive Summary
Prepared by Cholamandalam MS Risk Services Limited and SPB-PC Page 15
diversity value than zone I (Core) and zone II (5Km radius from project site) since its
diversity enhanced by the reservoir, River and forest.
Primary Socioeconomic Survey was undertaken from 26th Sep 2018 to 29th Sep 2018.
During this survey, primary data in relation to geographical features, settlements,
roads and amenities in the respective villages were observed. The discussion was
mainly focused on mapping the existing amenities in the respective villages, felt basic
needs, Problems if any due to the existing project operation.
5. Prediction of Impacts and Environmental Management Plan
Unlike Greenfield projects, the proposed project will be limited to minor construction
activities such as earth work, foundations and flooring etc. Construction related
environmental impacts will be limited to plant site which are reversible in nature. The
proposed MEP is within the plant premises; hence, there will not be any change in the
land use pattern in the study area. The existing green cover in the plant will be
maintained 33% of the total area without any change in the landscape and
environmental and ecological setting.
The major source of emissions are Particulate Matter (PM), Sulphur dioxide (SO2) and
oxides of nitrogen (NOx) from the proposed coal fired boiler, augmentation in chemical
recovery boiler and lime kiln. Prediction of impacts on air environment has been
carried out by employing mathematical model (ISCST3 dispersion model).
The emission rates for the proposed coal fired boiler were estimated based on the new
thermal power plant standard dated 2015 for PM, SO2 and NOX (i.e. 30 mg/Nm3, 100
mg/Nm3 and 100 mg/Nm3 respectively). The emission rates for the proposed chemical
recovery boiler are estimated based on MoEF&CC limits for boilers used in the other
industries including paper and pulp, as per MoEF&CC notification dated 29th January
2018 which is 600 mg/Nm3 and 300 mg/Nm3 respectively for SO2 and NOx. Whereas,
the emission rates for the proposed limekiln are estimated based MoEF&CC standard
for lime kiln dated 22nd March 2018 which is 400 mg/Nm3 and 500 mg/Nm3
respectively for SO2 and NOx. Based on the findings of the detailed air quality
modelling exercise, it has been inferred that the resultant cumulative concentration
EIA for the Proposed Modernization and Expansion Plan (MEP) of Existing Paper/Board Manufacturing Plant at JKPL Unit: CPM, Fort Songadh, Dist Tapi, Gujarat
Document Ref: PJ-ENVIR-201865-1768
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Executive Summary
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for estimated air pollutant emissions at around 10 Kms radius distance from proposed
project will comply with the NAAQ Standards and the peak predicted Ground Level
Concentrations (GLCs) i.e. 1.59 µg/m3, 9.48 µg/m3 and 6.03 µg/m3 respectively for
PM, SO2 and NOx will be observed within 2 km from the project site.
Dedicated Electrostatic Precipitators (ESP) will be installed for control of Particulate
Matter (PM) emissions from the proposed boiler in the captive power plant, proposed
chemical recovery boiler and lime kiln. High Efficient ESP will be designed to achieve
emission norms of 30 mg/Nm3 for the proposed coal fired boiler. It is proposed to
adopt dry limestone addition method for capturing SO2 emissions within the
combustion chamber of the proposed CFBC boiler. Stacks of adequate height will be
installed for the proposed coal fired boiler, chemical recovery boiler and lime kiln as
per the minimum stack height norms by CPCB for efficient dispersion of gases. The
NCGs and Mercaptans formed at the pulp mill section digesters, blow tank systems
and evaporators will be controlled by installing NCG gas extraction system
To control the wind-borne coal dust fugitive dust emissions, closed type storage sheds
and coal conveyer will be provided with water sprinkling system arrangement.
Necessary dust collection systems will be installed at coal handling, conveyors and
storage areas.
The major noise emitting sources at the project site are from proposed new Board
machine, Turbo Generator and Chipper. Board Machine will be housed inside building
and Entire Turbo Generators will be housed in co-generation power house with
suitable accoustic enclosure.
The specific water consumption per tonne of paper/board production will reduce
considerably from 40m3/t to 32 m3/t during the post MEP scenario due to the
adoption of ECF Bleaching technologies and other efficient water use processes and
water conservation operations. The additional fresh water required for the proposed
project (16,500 m3/day) will also be sourced from Ukai Left Bank Canal as per the
existing scenario. The specific wastewater generation per tonne of product will reduce
from 36 m3/T to 29 m3/T during the Post MEP scenario. The existing ETP of capacity
EIA for the Proposed Modernization and Expansion Plan (MEP) of Existing Paper/Board Manufacturing Plant at JKPL Unit: CPM, Fort Songadh, Dist Tapi, Gujarat
Document Ref: PJ-ENVIR-201865-1768
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Executive Summary
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30,000 m3/day will be upgraded with addition of required new pollution abatement
equipment and processes to meet the additional hydraulic volumes during the post
MEP. The AOx levels in the treated wastewater will be maintained within the GPCB
limit of 8 mg/l. The treated wastewater quality will comply with the prescribed
MoEF&CC/GPCB limits.
About 27,800 m3/day of treated wastewater is proposed to be 100 % utilized for land
irrigation. The mill has about 1050 acres currently available for the utilization of
treated wastewater for land irrigation. Considering the application rate of 45
m3/ha/day for clayey soil as per the MoEF&CC notification dated 14th January 2016,
about 475 acres of additional land is required for the complete utilization of treated
wastewater for land irrigation. Thus, CPM unit has approached nearby farmers to
meet the additional land requirement for reusing the treated wastewater for irrigation.
Additional pumping and pipeline systems will be installed for disposal of additional
treated wastewater for irrigation in the area. However, considering the challenges in
utilizing 100% of the treated wastewater quantity for irrigation due to variations in the
cropping pattern, JKPL unit CPM requests MoEF&CC to grant permission to discharge
treated wastewater of about 15% into Goda Nala during off crop seasons and monsoon
after conforming to the discharge standards prescribed by GPCB. Continuous
monitoring studies will be undertaken by JKPL Unit CPM to monitor treated
wastewater quality, soil quality, river water quality and ground water quality to ensure
no adverse impacts are caused due to the discharge of treated wastewater into
River/Land.
No major solid wastes are generated from the paper and pulp mill and associated
processes. As per the existing practices, the wood dust will be used as alternative fuel
in Boiler, fly ash will be used for Cement/Brick manufacturing, lime grit will be used
as backfilling material at abandoned stone quarry, ETP sludge will be sold to board
manufacturers and spent oil will be disposed to authorized recyclers.
EIA for the Proposed Modernization and Expansion Plan (MEP) of Existing Paper/Board Manufacturing Plant at JKPL Unit: CPM, Fort Songadh, Dist Tapi, Gujarat
Document Ref: PJ-ENVIR-201865-1768
Dated: January 2019
Executive Summary
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6. Conclusions
Full-fledged wastewater treatment facilities and high efficiency Electrostatic
Precipitators (ESP) and other pollution abatement measures will result in
minimizing the adverse impacts on the environment
The NCGs and Mercaptans formed at the pulp mill section digesters, blow tank
systems and evaporators will be controlled by installing NCG gas extraction
system
Total investment for the installation of project is Rs 1500 Crore. Out of which,
about Rs. 55 crore is allocated towards pollution control and monitoring
systems.
The management of JKPL, Unit CPM has spent about Rs.39.68 Lakhs on
various CSR activities in the financial year 2017-2018. In addition to CSR
activities, need based CER plan is developed. Rs. 375 Lakhs has been
embarked for the local community development within the vicinity of the project
area for 5 years as a part of Corporate Environment Responsibility.
The project will create direct employment to about 300 persons. In addition, it
would generate indirect employment to about 1000 persons in the industries
and service organizations and material handling, etc., which will be supported
by the operations of the mill.
This project will have significant beneficial effects in terms of growth and development
of the regional economy
EIA for the Proposed Modernization and Expansion Plan (MEP) of Existing Paper/Board Manufacturing Plant at JKPL Unit: CPM, Fort Songadh, Dist Tapi, Gujarat
Document Ref: PJ-ENVIR-201865-1768
Dated: January 2019
Table of Contents
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Table of Contents
1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 7
1.1 Overview of JK Organization ........................................................................... 7
1.2 Overview of JK Paper Ltd ................................................................................ 7
1.3 Awards and Achievements............................................................................... 7
1.4 Project of Interest ............................................................................................ 7
1.5 Existing Plant Location ................................................................................... 7
1.6 Need for the EIA study .................................................................................... 7
1.6.1 Project Screening (Cat A) and ToR ................................................................ 7
1.6.2 EIA Study .................................................................................................... 7
1.7 Overview of the Methodology of the EIA Study ................................................. 7
1.8 Regulatory Context.......................................................................................... 7
1.8.1 Ambient Air Quality Standards .................................................................... 7
1.8.2 Air Emission Discharge Standards ............................................................... 7
1.8.3 Minimum Stack Height Standards ............................................................... 7
1.8.4 Ambient Noise Standards ............................................................................. 7
1.8.5 Pulp and Paper mill- Specific Wastewater Discharge Standards ................... 7
1.8.6 Hazardous and other Waste (Management, and Transboundary Movement) Rule, 2016 ............................................................................................................. 7
1.9 Structure of EIA .............................................................................................. 7
2. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ASPECTS IN THE EXISTING FACILITIES ........ 7
2.1. Overview of the Existing Facilities ................................................................... 7
2.2. Land Use of the Existing Facilities................................................................... 7
2.3. Process description of Existing Facilities ......................................................... 7
2.3.1. Manufacturing Process of Paper ................................................................... 7
2.3.2. Manufacturing Process of Coated Packaging Board ...................................... 7
2.5. Power Requirement and Generation Facilities ................................................. 7
2.6. Water Requirement and Treatment Facilities ................................................... 7
2.7. Summary of Existing Pollution Sources and Environmental Management Plan 7
2.7.1. Air Quality Management Aspects ................................................................. 7
2.7.2. Wastewater Generation and Treatment ........................................................ 7
2.7.3. Utilization of Treated Effluent ...................................................................... 7
2.7.4. Noise Management ....................................................................................... 7
EIA for the Proposed Modernization and Expansion Plan (MEP) of Existing Paper/Board Manufacturing Plant at JKPL Unit: CPM, Fort Songadh, Dist Tapi, Gujarat
Document Ref: PJ-ENVIR-201865-1768
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2.7.5. Solid and Hazardous Waste Management..................................................... 7
2.8. Greenbelt and Plantation ................................................................................ 7
2.9. Occupational Health Programs ........................................................................ 7
2.10. Industrial Safety Management ..................................................................... 7
2.11. Summary of Various CSR Programs ............................................................. 7
3. DETAILS OF THE PROPOSED EXPANSION ........................................................... 7
3.1. Overview of the Proposal ................................................................................. 7
3.1.1. Highlights of the Proposal ............................................................................ 7
3.1.2. Salient Features of the Project ..................................................................... 7
3.2. Details of MEP Proposals ................................................................................. 7
3.2.1. Board Machine Section ................................................................................ 7
3.2.2. Bleached Chemical Wood Pulp Mill .............................................................. 7
3.2.3. Bleached Chemi Thermo Mechanical Pulp (BCTMP) ..................................... 7
3.2.4. Chemical recovery Island ............................................................................. 7
3.2.5. Captive Power Plant ..................................................................................... 7
3.2.6. Water Intake and Treatment ........................................................................ 7
3.2.7. Wastewater Treatment ................................................................................. 7
3.2.8. Infrastructure .............................................................................................. 7
3.2.9. Plant capacities ............................................................................................ 7
3.3. Input Requirements ........................................................................................ 7
3.3.1. Raw Material Requirement ........................................................................... 7
3.3.2. Chemicals Requirement ............................................................................... 7
3.3.3. Steam and Power Requirement .................................................................... 7
3.3.4. Fuel Requirement ........................................................................................ 7
3.3.5. Water Requirement ...................................................................................... 7
3.3.6. Wastewater Generation, Treatment and Utilization of Treated Wastewater ... 7
3.3.7. Solid waste Generation and Disposal ........................................................... 7
3.4. Land Use Planning .......................................................................................... 7
3.5. Project Schedule and Project Cost ................................................................... 7
3.5.1. Project Schedule .......................................................................................... 7
3.5.2. Project Cost.................................................................................................. 7
3.6. Socioeconomic Benefits ................................................................................... 7
3.6.1. Improvement in the Infrastructure ............................................................... 7
3.6.2. Employment ................................................................................................ 7
EIA for the Proposed Modernization and Expansion Plan (MEP) of Existing Paper/Board Manufacturing Plant at JKPL Unit: CPM, Fort Songadh, Dist Tapi, Gujarat
Document Ref: PJ-ENVIR-201865-1768
Dated: January 2019
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3.6.3. Development of Ancillary Industries ............................................................. 7
4. BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS .................................................................. 7
4.1 Introduction .................................................................................................... 7
4.2 Study Area ...................................................................................................... 7
4.3 Scope and Methodology of Baseline Study ....................................................... 7
4.4 Administrative Setup of the study Area district ............................................... 7
4.5 Land Environment .......................................................................................... 7
4.5.1 Physiography and Drainage ......................................................................... 7
4.5.2 Land Use pattern Based on remote sensing data .......................................... 7
4.6 Geology ........................................................................................................... 7
4.6.1 Geology in the region ................................................................................... 7
4.6.2 Geology of the study area ............................................................................. 7
4.7 Geomorphology and Structure ........................................................................ 7
4.8 Soil Environment ............................................................................................ 7
4.8.1 Soil in the Region ......................................................................................... 7
4.9 Seismic Zone ................................................................................................... 7
4.10 Meteorological Data...................................................................................... 7
4.10.1 Climatological Data IMD- Surat Observatory (Nearest IMD station) ....... 7
4.10.2 Site Specific Meteorological Data ........................................................... 7
4.11 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring ................................................................... 7
4.12 Noise Environment ....................................................................................... 7
4.13 Water Environment ...................................................................................... 7
4.13.1 Surface Water Resources in the Study Area ........................................... 7
4.13.2 Surface water quality ............................................................................. 7
4.13.3 Ground water resources ........................................................................ 7
4.13.4 Movement of Ground Water ................................................................... 7
4.13.5 Ground Water Quality ........................................................................... 7
4.14 Ecological Environment ............................................................................... 7
4.14.1 Necessity of Ecology Management Plan .................................................. 7
4.14.2 Objectives of Ecological Monitoring ........................................................ 7
4.14.3 General Ecology and types of Forests and Flora ..................................... 7
4.14.4 Survey Methodology ............................................................................... 7
4.14.5 Quantitative Analysis of Vegetation ....................................................... 7
4.14.6 Results .................................................................................................. 7
EIA for the Proposed Modernization and Expansion Plan (MEP) of Existing Paper/Board Manufacturing Plant at JKPL Unit: CPM, Fort Songadh, Dist Tapi, Gujarat
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4.14.7 Project site Greenbelt ............................................................................. 7
4.14.8 Agriculture in the Study Area ................................................................ 7
4.14.9 Faunal Diversity .................................................................................... 7
4.14.10 Diversity Indices .................................................................................... 7
4.15 Socio Economic Environment ....................................................................... 7
4.15.1 Objective of the Study Area .................................................................... 7
4.15.2 Methodology of The Study ...................................................................... 7
4.15.3 Socioeconomic Indicators considered for the study ................................ 7
4.15.4 Socio Economic Environment ................................................................ 7
4.15.5 Socioeconomic Profile of the Study Area ................................................ 7
5. ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES .................................. 7
5.1. General ........................................................................................................... 7
5.2. Impacts and Mitigation Measures during Construction Phase ......................... 7
5.2.1. Land Use ..................................................................................................... 7
5.2.2. Air Quality ................................................................................................... 7
5.2.3. Noise Levels ................................................................................................. 7
5.2.4. Water Quality ............................................................................................... 7
5.2.5. Terrestrial Ecology ....................................................................................... 7
5.2.6. Socio-Economics .......................................................................................... 7
5.3. Impacts and Mitigation Measures during Operation Phase .............................. 7
5.3.1. Impact on Land Use during Operational Phase ............................................ 7
5.3.2. Sources of Emissions and Associated Environmental Impacts ..................... 7
5.3.3. Prediction of Ground Level Concentrations of Criteria Pollutants ................. 7
5.3.4. Control of Air Emissions .............................................................................. 7
5.3.5. Non-Condensable Gases and Impacts .......................................................... 7
5.3.6. Traffic Impact Study .................................................................................... 7
5.3.7. Noise Emissions and Compliance Status ...................................................... 7
5.3.8. Impact on Water Environment ..................................................................... 7
5.3.9. Solid Waste Generation and Disposal ........................................................... 7
5.3.10. Impacts on Ecological Environment ....................................................... 7
5.3.11. Impacts on Socio Economic Environment .............................................. 7
6. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES .............................................................................. 7
6.1. Introduction .................................................................................................... 7
6.2. Site Alternative ................................................................................................ 7
EIA for the Proposed Modernization and Expansion Plan (MEP) of Existing Paper/Board Manufacturing Plant at JKPL Unit: CPM, Fort Songadh, Dist Tapi, Gujarat
Document Ref: PJ-ENVIR-201865-1768
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6.3. Technology Alternative .................................................................................... 7
7. ENVIROMENTAL MONITORING PLAN ................................................................... 7
7.1 Introduction .................................................................................................... 7
7.2 Objectives of Environmental Monitoring Plan .................................................. 7
7.1.1. Baseline Monitoring ..................................................................................... 7
7.1.2. Effects/Impact Monitoring: .......................................................................... 7
7.3 Compliance Monitoring: .................................................................................. 7
7.4 Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Procedure ....................................... 7
7.5 Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Procedure ....................................... 7
7.6 Data Analysis .................................................................................................. 7
7.7 Reporting Schedule ......................................................................................... 7
8. ADDITIONAL STUDIES .......................................................................................... 7
8.1. Public Consultation ......................................................................................... 7
8.2. Risk Assessment Study and Risk Mitigation Measures .................................... 7
8.2.1. Fire Safety.................................................................................................... 7
8.2.2. Fire Protection and Fire Fighting Systems .................................................... 7
8.2.3. Risks due to Storage and Handling of Coal and Risk Control Measures ....... 7
8.3. Occupational Health and Noise Management Plan ....................................... 7
8.2.4. Occupational Safety Management and Surveillance Programme ................... 7
9. PROJECT BENEFITS ............................................................................................. 7
9.1. Improvement in the infrastructure .................................................................. 7
9.2. Improvement in the social infrastructure ........................................................ 7
9.2.1. Employment ................................................................................................ 7
9.2.2. Revenue to State Government ...................................................................... 7
9.2.3. Development of ancillary industries ............................................................. 7
9.2.4. Corporate Environment Responsibility (CER) ............................................... 7
10. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ............................................................ 7
10.1. General ........................................................................................................ 7
10.1.1. Administrative Aspects .......................................................................... 7
10.1.2. Commitment and Policy ......................................................................... 7
10.1.3. Planning ................................................................................................ 7
10.1.4. Implementation ..................................................................................... 7
10.1.5. EHS Management System ...................................................................... 7
10.1.6. Environmental Management Records..................................................... 7
EIA for the Proposed Modernization and Expansion Plan (MEP) of Existing Paper/Board Manufacturing Plant at JKPL Unit: CPM, Fort Songadh, Dist Tapi, Gujarat
Document Ref: PJ-ENVIR-201865-1768
Dated: January 2019
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10.1.7. Environmental Management Plan Structure .......................................... 7
10.1.8. Measurement & Evaluation ................................................................... 7
10.2. Environmental Management Plan During Construction Phase ..................... 7
10.2.1. Site Preparation ..................................................................................... 7
10.2.2. Air quality Management during Construction Phase .............................. 7
10.2.3. Noise Level Management During Construction Phase ............................ 7
10.2.4. Water Quality Management during Construction Phase ......................... 7
10.2.5. Solid & Hazardous Waste Management During Construction Phase ...... 7
10.2.6. Ecological Management During the Construction Phase ........................ 7
10.2.7. Socio-Economic Aspects during the Construction Phase ........................ 7
10.3. Environmental Management Plan during Operation Phase ........................... 7
10.3.1. Air Quality Management Plan ................................................................ 7
10.3.2. Noise Management Plan ......................................................................... 7
10.3.3. Water and Wastewater Management ...................................................... 7
10.3.4. Solid and Hazardous Waste Management .............................................. 7
10.3.5. Sustainable Agro Forestry ...................................................................... 7
10.3.6. Ecology and Biodiversity Management Plan ........................................... 7
10.4. Corporate Environment Responsibility ......................................................... 7
10.4.1. Proposed CER Programs: ....................................................................... 7
10.4.2. Proposed CER Budget ............................................................................ 7
10.5. EMP Budget ................................................................................................. 7
11. CONCLUSIONS .................................................................................................. 7
12. DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ...................................................................... 7
12.1. Introduction ................................................................................................. 7
12.2. Cholamandalam MS Risk Services Limited – EIA Consultant ....................... 7
12.2.1. Details of Experts/Consultants Engaged for this EIA Study................... 7
12.2.2. NABET Certificate .................................................................................. 7
12.3. SPB Projects and Consultancy Limited –Technical Consultant ..................... 7
12.3.1. Work-Place Facilities ............................................................................. 7
12.3.2. Structure ............................................................................................... 7
12.3.3. Manning ................................................................................................ 7
EIA for the Proposed Modernization and Expansion Plan (MEP) of Existing Paper/Board Manufacturing Plant at JKPL Unit: CPM, Fort Songadh, Dist Tapi, Gujarat
Document Ref: PJ-ENVIR-201865-1768
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Table of Contents
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List of Tables
Table 1-1 Environmental Setting of the Project Site ................................................................. 7 Table 1-2 National Ambient Air Quality Standards .................................................................. 7 Table 1-3 General Noise Standards ......................................................................................... 7 Table 1-4 Wastewater Discharge Standards ............................................................................ 7 Table 1-5 Discharge Norms of GPCB as per the Consent to Operate of JKPL, Unit CPM dated 08/02/16 .............................................................................................................................. 7 Table 1-6 List of Hazardous Wastes as Applicable to Pulp & Paper Industry ............................ 7 Table 2-1 Chronology of the Existing Environmental Clearances ............................................. 7 Table 2-2 Overview of the Details of the Existing Facilities ...................................................... 7 Table 2-3 Land Use break up of the Existing Facility ............................................................... 7 Table 2-4 Fuel used in Existing Facility and their characteristics ............................................ 7
Table 2-5 Water Consumption in the Existing Facility ............................................................. 7 Table 2-6 Existing Stack Details ............................................................................................. 7 Table 2-7 Stack Emissions as per latest GPCB test report ....................................................... 7 Table 2-8 Treated Effluent Quality as per third party assessment test report ........................... 7 Table 2-9 Solid and Hazardous Waste Generation and Disposal .............................................. 7 Table 3-1 Existing and Post MEP Mill Capacities..................................................................... 7 Table 3-2 Raw Materials Requirement .................................................................................... 7 Table 3-3 Chemicals Requirement .......................................................................................... 7 Table 3-4 Steam and Power requirement ................................................................................ 7 Table 3-5 Fuel Requirement ................................................................................................... 7 Table 3-6 Water Balance for the Proposed MEP ....................................................................... 7 Table 3-7 Wastewater Treatment and Discharge after MEP ..................................................... 7 Table 3-8 Solid and Hazardous Waste Generation and Disposal .............................................. 7 Table 3-9 Land Use Break up during Post MEP ....................................................................... 7
Table 3-10 Project Cost Break Up ........................................................................................... 7 Table 4-1 Various Environmental Attributes ........................................................................... 7 Table 4-2 Frequency and Monitoring Methodology .................................................................. 7 Table 4-3 Details of the Satellite Data ..................................................................................... 7 Table 4-4Built Up Land in 10 km radius from the Project Site ................................................. 7 Table 4-5 Overall Summary of the Statistics of LU/LC in the study Area ................................. 7 Table 4-6 Geological Succession ............................................................................................. 7 Table 4-7 Details of Soil Sampling Locations ........................................................................... 7 Table 4-8 Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Soil samples Collected within the Study Area ... 7 Table 4-9 Indian Meteorological Department – Climatological Tables 30 Years Data: 1971-2000 (Surat IMD station) ................................................................................................................ 7 Table 4-10 AAQ monitoring stations Location details .............................................................. 7 Table 4-11 Summary of the Average Baseline Concentrations of Pollutants during the Study Period .................................................................................................................................... 7 Table 4-12 PM2.5 Concentration in the Study Area during the study period .............................. 7
Table 4-13PM10 Concentration in the Study Area during the study period ............................... 7 Table 4-14 SO2 Concentrations in the Study Area during the study period .............................. 7 Table 4-15 NOx Concentrations in the Study Area during the study period ............................. 7 Table 4-16Ammonia Concentrations in the Study Area during the study period ....................... 7 Table 4-17Ozone Concentrations in the Study Area during the study period ............................ 7 Table 4-18 Noise Sampling Locations ..................................................................................... 7 Table 4-19 Recorded Noise Levels ........................................................................................... 7 Table 4-20Surface Water Sampling Locations ......................................................................... 7 Table 4-21Analysis Results of Surface Water Samples ............................................................ 7 Table 4-22 Ground Water Sampling Location Details .............................................................. 7 Table 4-23Analyzed Ground Water Quality for Various parameters in the Study Area .............. 7
EIA for the Proposed Modernization and Expansion Plan (MEP) of Existing Paper/Board Manufacturing Plant at JKPL Unit: CPM, Fort Songadh, Dist Tapi, Gujarat
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Table4-24 Survey Locations of Terrestrial Ecology................................................................... 7 Table 4-25 Density, abundance and frequency of occurrence of flora in the zone I ................... 7 Table 4-26 Density, abundance and frequency of occurrence of flora in the zone II .................. 7 Table 4-27 Density, abundance and frequency of occurrence of flora in the zone III ................. 7 Table 4-28 List of ground level storey herbaceous species observed in the study area .............. 7 Table 4-29 List of Shrub species observed in the study area .................................................... 7 Table 4-30 List of Trees species observed in the study area (Buffer zone) ................................. 7 Table 4-31 List of Agriculture crops observed in the study area ............................................... 7 Table4-32 List of ecologically important plant species observed in the study area .................... 7 Table4-33Mammals in the study area (Buffer zone) ................................................................. 7 Table 4-34Biodiversity indices of the study area ..................................................................... 7 Table 4-35 Administrative Status of Study Area Villages/Towns .............................................. 7 Table 4-36 Summary Socioeconomic Indicator ........................................................................ 7
Table 5-1 Estimations from Proposed 150 tph Boiler (In operation) ......................................... 7 Table 5-2 Estimation of emissions from Proposed Chemical Recovery Boiler ............................ 7 Table 5-3 Estimation of Emissions from Proposed Lime Kiln ................................................... 7 Table 5-4 Emission rate details for air modeling with Indigenous Coal ..................................... 7 Table 5-5 Estimated Resultant GLC’s of Particulate Matter ..................................................... 7 Table 5-6Estimated Resultant GLC’s of Sulphur Dioxide ......................................................... 7 Table 5-7 Estimated Resultant GLC’s of Oxides of Nitrogen ..................................................... 7 Table 5-8 Summary of the Predicted GLCs in the Nearby Areas ............................................... 7 Table 5-9 Estimated NCGs and H2S emissions from the Pulp Mill during Post Project Scenario based on USEPA AP42 emission factors .................................................................................. 7 Table 5-10 PCU Equivalent Factor .......................................................................................... 7 Table 5-11 Average Traffic Count for the Location ................................................................... 7 Table 5-12 Estimated Traffic Volume during Post Project Scenario .......................................... 7 Table 5-13 Water Balance for the Proposed MEP ..................................................................... 7
Table 5-14 Treated Wastewater Characteristics Post MEP ....................................................... 7 Table 5-15 AOx levels in Treated Wastewater Post MEP........................................................... 7 Table 5-16 Utilization of Treated Wastewater (Monsoon and Non-Monsoon Period) .................. 7 Table 5-17 Treated Wastewater Application Rates as per MoEF&CC notification dated 14th January 2016 for different soil conditions ............................................................................... 7 Table 5-18 River Water Quality due to the discharge of treated wastewater .............................. 7 Table 5-19 Soil Quality in the Study Area v/s areas with Application of treated Wastewater ..... 7 Table 5-20 Solid and Hazardous Waste Generation and Disposal ............................................ 7 Table 7-1 Environmental Monitoring Program ......................................................................... 7 Table 7-2 Recommended Environmental Monitoring Plan ........................................................ 7 Table 8-1 Suggested Frequency of Medical Examination under Occupational Health Surveillance Programme ......................................................................................................... 7 Table 10-1 Details of the Area in the Existing mill ................................................................... 7 Table 10-2 Predicted Pre-Construction Runoff ........................................................................ 7 Table 10-3 Predicted Post Construction Run-Off ..................................................................... 7 Table 10-4 Proposed CER Budget ........................................................................................... 7 Table 10-5 EMP Budget Allocation .......................................................................................... 7
List of Figures
Figure 1-1 Photographs of Awards and Achievements ............................................................. 7 Figure 1-2 Location of the Project Site .................................................................................... 7 Figure 1-3 Toposheet Showing 10 km radius of the Project Site ............................................... 7 Figure 1-4 Google Earth Imagery showing the boundary of the Existing Plant Mill ................... 7
EIA for the Proposed Modernization and Expansion Plan (MEP) of Existing Paper/Board Manufacturing Plant at JKPL Unit: CPM, Fort Songadh, Dist Tapi, Gujarat
Document Ref: PJ-ENVIR-201865-1768
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Figure 2-1 Pulp and Paper Manufacturing Process Flow Diagram ............................................ 7 Figure 2-2 Typical view of Paper, Pulp and Board Plant at the Existing Facility ........................ 7 Figure 2-3 Typical View of Boilers in the Existing Facility ........................................................ 7 Figure 2-4 Typical View of TGs at the Existing Facility ............................................................ 7 Figure 2-5 Water Distribution System at Existing Facility (April 2017 to March 2018) ............. 7 Figure 2-6 Water Treatment Facilities at Existing Plant ........................................................... 7 Figure 2-7 Environmental Management Cell ........................................................................... 7 Figure 2-8 Typical View of Existing Air Pollution Control Systems ........................................... 7 Figure 2-9 Typical View of Existing ETP Facilities ................................................................... 7 Figure 2-10 Flow Diagram of Existing Effluent Treatment Plant .............................................. 7 Figure 2-11 Utilization of treated wastewater for Irrigation and Plantation ............................... 7 Figure 2-12 Typical View Greenbelt and Plantation within the Facility ..................................... 7 Figure 2-13 Photographs of the Existing OHC ......................................................................... 7
Figure 2-14 Fire Safety Systems in the Existing Unit .............................................................. 7 Figure 2-15 Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives and Activities ...................................... 7 Figure 3-1 Stock Preparation Process Flow Sheet .................................................................... 7 Figure 3-2 Typical Flow Diagram of Coated Board Making ....................................................... 7 Figure 3-3 Typical board machine configuration ..................................................................... 7 Figure 3-4 Process Flow Diagram of the Pulp Mill ................................................................... 7 Figure 3-5 Process Flow Diagram of BCTMP Pulp Mill ............................................................. 7 Figure 3-6 Typical Flow Sheet of Chemical Recovery Island ..................................................... 7 Figure 3-7 Views of areas earmarked for Project facilities ........................................................ 7 Figure 4-1Project Site Showing Nearest State Highway ............................................................ 7 Figure 4-2Topo Map (10 Km radius) of the Study area ............................................................ 7 Figure 4-3Administrative Map of the Tapi district ................................................................... 7 Figure 4-4 Physiographic map of the Study Area ..................................................................... 7 Figure 4-5 Major river Basin of Tapi District ........................................................................... 7
Figure 4-6 Drainage Map of the Study Area ............................................................................ 7 Figure 4-7 Satellite Imagery of 10 km radius from Project Site ................................................ 7 Figure 4-8Flow Chart showing Methodology of Land Use Mapping ........................................... 7 Figure 4-9 Land Use Classification of 10 km radius from the Project Site ................................ 7 Figure 4-10 Built Up Land in Rural Area ................................................................................ 7 Figure 4-11 Agricultural Land in Rural Area ........................................................................... 7 Figure 4-12 Forest Land in Rural Area.................................................................................... 7 Figure 4-13 Photographs showing the land with or without scrub in the study area ................ 7 Figure 4-14Water Bodies in Study Area .................................................................................. 7 Figure 4-15 Land use classes around 10 km radius from the project site................................. 7 Figure 4-16 Geological Map of Tapi District ............................................................................ 7 Figure 4-17 Soil Map of Gujarat ............................................................................................. 7 Figure 4-18 Soil Classification Map of the Study Area ............................................................. 7 Figure 4-19 Soil Quality Monitoring Location in the Study Area .............................................. 7 Figure 4-20 Photographs of Soil Sampling .............................................................................. 7 Figure 4-21 Seismic zone Map of India ................................................................................... 7 Figure 4-22 Seismic Zone Map of Gujarat ............................................................................... 7 Figure 4-23 earthquake Hazard Map ...................................................................................... 7 Figure 4-24 Annual Windrose as per IMD Surat Observatory data (30 years average data-1971-2001) ..................................................................................................................................... 7 Figure 4-25 Seasonal Windrose as per IMD Surat Observatory Data ........................................ 7 Figure 4-26 Map showing the air quality monitoring stations .................................................. 7 Figure 4-27 Site Photographs of AAQ Stations ........................................................................ 7 Figure 4-28 Trends of Ambient PM2.5 Concentration in the Study Area .................................... 7 Figure 4-29Trends of Ambient PM10 Concentration in the Study Area ...................................... 7
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Figure 4-30Trends of Ambient SO2 Concentration in the Study Area ....................................... 7 Figure 4-31 Trends of Ambient NOx Concentration in the Study Area ...................................... 7 Figure 4-32Trends of Ambient NH3 Concentration in the Study Area ....................................... 7 Figure 4-33Trends of Ambient Ozone Concentration in the Study Area .................................... 7 Figure 4-34Noise Sampling Locations in the Study Area ......................................................... 7 Figure 4-35 Photograph showing the location of Surface Water Sampling ................................ 7 Figure 4-36Location of Surface Water Sampling during the Study Period ................................. 7 Figure 4-37 Bhurvel Observation well (CGWB) Ground Water Level (BGL) ............................... 7 Figure 4-38 Ground water level zone Pre-Monsoon ................................................................. 7 Figure 4-39 Ground Water level zone Post-Monsoon ............................................................... 7 Figure 4-40 Ground Water Table Pre-Monsoon ....................................................................... 7 Figure 4-41 Ground Water Table Post-Monsoon ...................................................................... 7 Figure 4-42Photographs of Groundwater Sampling ................................................................. 7
Figure 4-43Ground Water Quality Monitoring Sampling Locations in the Study Area ............... 7 Figure 4-44 Forest Blocks in the Study Area ........................................................................... 7 Figure 4-45 Vegetation Structure ........................................................................................... 7 Figure 4-46 Google Map Showing Ecology Survey Locations .................................................... 7 Figure 4-47Plankton sampling at upstream and downstream of Tapi river ............................... 7 Figure 4-48Plantations Green cover inside Existing Mill and their clonal plant production center (Nursery area) .............................................................................................................. 7 Figure 4-49 Photographs shows various Flora species observed in the study area .................... 7 Figure 4-50 Agriculture fields in the Study Area ..................................................................... 7 Figure 4-51 List of birds species observed in the study area .................................................... 7 Figure 4-52 various birds species observed in the study area .................................................. 7 Figure 4-53 Administrative Map showing the Study Area villages ............................................ 7 Figure 4-54 Reconnaissance and Primary Survey .................................................................... 7 Figure 4-55 Typical Gamit Tribe Houses ................................................................................. 7
Figure 4-56Gamit men carrying Bamboo ................................................................................ 7 Figure 4-57Workers Group Distribution ................................................................................. 7 Figure 4-58 Water supply in villages ....................................................................................... 7 Figure 5-1 Predicted 24-Hrs Avg. GLC’s of Particulate Matter within 10 km Radius of the Study Area ...................................................................................................................................... 7 Figure 5-2 Predicted 24-Hrs Avg. GLC’s of Sulphur Dioxide within 10 km Radius of the Study Area ...................................................................................................................................... 7 Figure 5-3 Predicted 24-Hrs Avg. GLC’s of Oxides of Nitrogen within 10 km Radius of the Study Area ...................................................................................................................................... 7 Figure 5-4 Project Site Showing Nearest State Highway ........................................................... 7 Figure 5-5 Predicted Noise Levels from the Proposed Project.................................................... 7 Figure 5-6 Water Balance Diagram for the Proposed MEP ....................................................... 7 Figure 5-7 Recommended ETP Scheme for the proposed Project .............................................. 7 Figure 5-8 Photographs of River Tapi in the Study Area .......................................................... 7 Figure 5-9Predicted dispersion model of TDS in the Ground water .......................................... 7 Figure 8-1 Existing Fire Safety Systems .................................................................................. 7 Figure 8-2 Photographs of the OHC ........................................................................................ 7 Figure 10-1 Certification of JKPL, Unit CPM ........................................................................... 7 Figure 10-2 Integrated Management System Policy of JKPL, Unit CPM .................................... 7 Figure 10-3 Existing Storm Water drain ................................................................................. 7 Figure 10-4 Picture showing Rain water harvesting through storm water drain ....................... 7
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List of Annexure
Annexure No. Description
1. Copy of ToR letter issued by MoEF & CC
2. NABET Accreditation status of the EIA Consultant
3. Summary compliance statement of the issued Terms of Reference
4. Copy of Environmental Clearances of the existing facility
5. Copy of Valid Consolidated Consent and Authorization from GPCB
6. RO Certified EC Compliance Letter
7. Coal Supply Agreement between Western Coalfield Limited & JKPL
8. (a) Water drawl permission letter from the Water Resources department, Gujarat
(b) In-principle permission of 10 MGD for the additional water withdrawl
9. Recent test reports of GPCB Stack monitoring
10. External Laboratory wastewater quality Analysis test report & Test Report of AoX Assessment of treated wastewater
11. External Laboratory Ambient Noise Level Test Reports
12. MoU with Cement/Brick Manufacturing Plants for Usage of Fly Ash
13. Overall Mill Layout Post MEP
14. Baseline Monitoring Soil Quality test report
15. Baseline Monitoring Ambient Air Qaulity Test Reports
16. Baseline Monitoring Noise Monitoring Test Reports
17. Baseline Monitoring Surface Water Quality and Ground Water Quality Test Reports
18. Air Quality Modeling Modelling Input & Output Files
19. A sample MoU with farmer for the additional utilization of treated wastewater for land irrigation
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1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Overview of JK Organization
J.K. Organization is a multinational group head-quartered in India with a heritage of
more than 125 years.
It has overseas manufacturing operations in Mexico, Indonesia, Romania, Belgium,
Portugal and UAE. JK Organization includes companies such as JK Tyre, JK Paper, JK
Lakshmi Cement, JK Fenner, Umang Dairies, JK Insurance etc. Products of the JK
Group have a strong brand recall with significant market share in their respective
segments.
1.2 Overview of JK Paper Ltd
JK Paper Ltd. has two large integrated paper manufacturing units namely JK Paper
Mills at Rayagada, Odisha and Central Pulp Mills (CPM) at Songadh, Gujarat with a
combined capacity of 4,55,000 TPA. It is the market leader in Branded Copier paper
segment and among the top players in Coated Paper and high-end Packaging Boards
and is a leading exporter of Branded Copier Papers from India with exports to almost
35 countries. It is the first paper manufacturing company in India to get TPM
Certificate from JIPM, Japan.
Unit CPM, Songadh commenced production in 1968 and was acquired by JK Group in
1992. The packaging board plant was commissioned in the year 2007. The products
manufactured in the unit are writing and printing paper, cut size multipurpose office
paper, multi-layer packaging boards and security paper.
Unit CPM, Songadh is spreading in an area of 363 acres of land comprising main plant
and its supporting facilities, colony, green belt and plantation area. The existing
facility is permitted and consented to produce 1,60,800 TPA of writing and printing
paper and packaging board (Writing and printing paper - 60,000 TPA, Duplex Coated
Board – 1,00,800 TPA) and pulp production capacity of 60,000 BD TPA as per the
Environmental Clearance obtained from Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate
Change (MoEF&CC).
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1.3 Awards and Achievements
Various initiatives have brought in recognition for the company and awarded with
several accolades. The industry has well-defined policies including Environmental
Policy, Quality Policy, Energy Policy, Occupational Health & Safety Policy which are
adopted in operational practices.
Figure 1-1 Photographs of Awards and Achievements
Golden Peacock Environment Management
Award 2012 Greentech Environment Award 2015
Greentech Safety Gold Award 2018 HR Leadership Award 2017
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1.4 Project of Interest
In the view of upgrading the existing paper and pulp mill at unit CPM, the
management of JKPL has proposed to increase the paper/board production capacity
from 1,60,800 TPA to 3,60,800 TPA by installing a new board manufacturing unit of
capacity 2,00,000 TPA. The existing pulp mill of capacity 60,000 BD TPA will be
replaced with ECF based Chemical Wood Pulp (CWP) mill of capacity 1,60,000 BD TPA
which will be shifted from JKPL, Rayagada unit and re-installed. A new Bleached
Chemi Thermo Mechanical Pulp (BCTMP) of capacity 1,00,000 AD TPA, De-Inking
Plant (DIP) of capacity 150 BD TPD and Secondary Fibre Treatment (SFT) Plant of
capacity 400 BD TPD are proposed to cater to the fibre demand of the varieties of
Boards for the proposed new Board machine. The supporting facilities for the proposed
increase in capacities such as chemical recovery section, power plant, effluent
treatment plant (ETP) will be augmented/upgraded based on the requirement.
The proposal under the Modernization and Expansion Plan (MEP) of existing
Paper/Board Manufacturing Plant at JKPL Unit: CPM includes the following;
Installation of One New Board Machine
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Installation of Bleached Chemical Wood Pulp Mill (To be Shifted from
Rayagada unit and re-installed). The existing old pulp mill will be kept as
standby without increasing the intended overall production capacity.
Installation of BCTMP Mill, DIP and SFT Plants.
Installation of New Chemical Recovery Boiler. (Existing Chemical Recovery
Boiler will be kept as standby)
Augmentation/upgradation of Co-generation Plant
Augmentation/upgradation of Water Treatment Plant
Augmentation/upgradation of Effluent Treatment Plant
Augmentation/upgradation of supporting infrastructure
1.5 Existing Plant Location
The existing plant is situated at Village Gunsada, Bhimpura, Singalkhanch, Fort
Songadh Taluk, Tapi District in the State of Gujarat (Figure 1.2). The plant is located
in the Southern side of the Gujarat State near to the Maharashtra border which is
about 5 km (aerial distance) away from the plant boundary towards southeast
direction. There is a State Highway (SH-174) passing through the main plant and
colony/plantation area. The nearest International Airport is located in Surat which is
about 75 km (aerial distance) away from the plant.
The existing plant, its associated infrastructure and facilities is extended up to 363
acres of land including green belt and plantation of about 120 acres covering 33% of
total area. The site is located at the intersection of latitude 21°12’N and longitude
73°34'E and falls under the Survey of India Topography Map No. 46G/7, 46G/8,
46G/11 and 46G/12. The toposheet showing the 10 km radius of the existing project
site is presented in the Figure 1.3. The Google Earth Imagery showing the boundary
of the total facility is presented in the Figure 1.4. The ecologically notified Poorna
Wildlife Sanctuary (The Gazette of India, S.O. 1259 (E)) is located at 19 km (aerial
distance) from the project boundary.
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Figure 1-2 Location of the Project Site
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Figure 1-3 Toposheet Showing 10 km radius of the Project Site
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Figure 1-4 Google Earth Imagery showing the boundary of the Existing Plant Mill
The environmental setting of the project site is presented in the Table 1.1.
Table 1-1 Environmental Setting of the Project Site
S. No. Particulars Details
1 Latitude 21°12’N
2 Longitude 73°34'E
3 Present land use at the site
Industrial
4 Nearest highway State Highway SH-174 adjacent to the project site
5 Nearest railway station Ukai Songadh Railway Station-6.3 Km, South Surat Railway Station- 75 km, W
6 Nearest airport Surat Airport – 86 Km, W
7 Nearest town / city Town- Songadh-4.3 Km, S Nearest City/District Head Quarters–Vyara- 21 km
8 Water body Ukai Dam- 5 km, N Tapi River- 5 km, N
9 Archaeologically important places
Nil in 10 Km radius
10 National parks / Wildlife Sanctuaries
Nil in 10 Km radius
11 Reserved / Protected Nil in 10 Km radius
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S. No. Particulars Details
Forests
12 Seismicity Seismic zone-III as per IS-1893 (Part-1) - 2002
13 Defense Installations Nil in 10 Km radius
14 Major Industries Located around the area
Ukai Thermal Power Plant- 600 m to West of the Project Site.
1.6 Need for the EIA study
According to the Environmental Impact Assessment Notification issued by
Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change (MoEF&CC) under
Environment Protection Act, pulp and paper industries (excluding manufacture
of paper from waste paper) are required to obtain environmental clearance for
any expansion or modernisation. In addition to this, any captive co-generation
power plant with a capacity greater than 5 MW should also obtain
environmental clearance.
Since the proposed MEP involves manufacturing of additional product including
pulp, the proposed project falls under category “A” under sector 5(i) of the EIA
notification 2006. In addition, it is proposed to increase the existing captive
power plant capacity from 30.25 MW to 72.00 MW which falls under category
“B” under sector 1(d) of the EIA Notification 2006. Since the existing mill site
does not fall under any notified industrial area, public consultation will be
conducted as per the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification 2006.
1.6.1 Project Screening (Cat A) and ToR
The proposed MEP was appraised by the Expert Appraisal Committee (Industry-
I), Ministry of Environment Forest and Climate change (MoEF&CC) during the
35th Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) meeting held on 17th to 18th September
2018 and the project was accorded Terms of Reference (ToR) vide File no. IA-J-
enclosed as Annexure 1.
1.6.2 EIA Study
The EIA study was undertaken in conformity with the guidelines of Ministry of
Environment, Forests and Climate Change (MoEF&CC) and Expert Appraisal Committee
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(EAC), covering all the aspects of the specific conditions mentioned in the terms of
reference issued by MoEF&CC.
This EIA study was undertaken by M/s Cholamandalam MS Risk Services Limited, a
NABET accredited EIA consultant organisation, with specific project related inputs
required for undertaking the EIA studies from SPB Projects and Consultancy Ltd
(SPB-PC), Chennai.
M/s Cholamandalam MS Risk Services Ltd has been accredited to undertake EIA
studies for Pulp and Paper Sector and Thermal Power Plants as per the NABET
accreditation scheme. A copy of the latest accreditation status is presented in Annexure
2.
1.7 Overview of the Methodology of the EIA Study
This Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report has been prepared based
on the methods and guidelines suggested by MoEF to address all the specific
conditions stipulated in the Terms of Reference issued by MoEF&CC File no IA-
J-11011/416/2008-IA.II(I), dated, 9th October 2018. A summary compliance
statement to the specific conditions of the terms of reference is presented in
Annexure 3.
The EIA study team, headed by an accredited EIA Coordinator, along with the
approved Functional Area Experts, undertook detailed baseline studies as per
ToR, from 25th September 2018 to 22th December 2018.
Micro-meteorological data comprising hourly readings of wind speed, wind direction, dry
bulb temperature, relative humidity and rainfall were measured by installing
meteorological station. Hourly readings were collected for a period of three (3) months.
Micro-meteorological data was adopted for generating wind-rose diagrams and
also to predict the ground level concentrations due to release of emissions from
the proposed facility.
Ambient Air Quality (AAQ) was monitored at eight (8) locations in the study area as per
the methods and procedures recommended by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)
Air quality sampling was undertaken for a period of 12 weeks with a total of 24 samples
per site were taken as per the MoEF&CC guidelines. Stipulated criteria pollutants such
as particulate matter size less than 10 microns (PM10), particulate matter size less than
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2.5 microns (PM2.5), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Ammonia (NH3),
Ozone (O3), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni), Arsenic (As), Benzene and
Particulate phase Benzo (a) Pyrene (BaP) were analysed at all the locations. The
measured background air quality data was compared with that of the prevailing
National Ambient Air Quality Standards and this will also form the basis for predicting
the cumulative air quality scenario due to the operation of the proposed facility.
Hydro-geological studies were undertaken during the study period. Data on sub-surface
soil profile in the study area was obtained. In addition, a preliminary study on the
regional and local aquifer status was studied based on primary and secondary
published long-term data.
Ground water samples from eight (8) locations were analysed as per the terms of
reference for all the designated parameters. The measured values were compared with
drinking water standards. Secondary data on the regional ground water status was also
collected from the Central Ground Water Board and the State Ground Water Board.
All seasonal streams and rivers located within the study area were mapped through
latest remote sensing data under land use and land cover study. Walkthrough surveys
were undertaken to assess the current status of the water resources. Details about the
major cropping pattern and irrigation methods etc were collected from local village
offices and also published district census data. Details of the surface water quality in
the study area (upstream and downstream of Tapi River) were also collected and
analysed for designated physiochemical, elemental and biological parameters.
Land use and land cover was mapped using remote satellite imagery, IRS-P6, LISS III
satellite. The data was processed using applicable software models and level 1 land use
classification within the study area was developed and level 2 land use classification
within the study area was developed. Digital Elevation Model of the study area was
developed to assess the terrain conditions and also possible flooding scenarios
A walkthrough survey was also undertaken in the study area, major settlements and
plantation areas to verify the land use as a part of the ground truth survey procedures.
Soil samples were collected in the study area (including the areas where treated
wastewater is utilized for land irrigation) as per the terms of reference and all relevant
parameters such as texture, nutrients, heavy metals, oil and grease and other
parameters were analyzed.
Ecological & Biological survey was undertaken in the study area and all spotted
ecological and biological aspects were mapped based on grid sampling method. Bio-
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diversity density and abundance were estimated. Walkthrough surveys were conducted
in the study area to assess the ecology.
Primary socio-economic survey was undertaken in the study area to capture the
socioeconomic conditions, major occupation of the people, drinking water and
sanitation facilities, transportation and other amenities in the study area, with a
specific reference to the villages located within five (5) km radius of the existing Mill site.
In addition to the above, district level census data published by National Informatics
Centre (NIC) was also collected from 10 km radius study area for a detailed analysis on
the socio-economic aspects. Based on the socio-economic survey, a need-based
Community Development Plan under Corporate Environment Responsibility (CER) was
suggested. Since, existing mill premises will be used for the MEP Studied no land
acquisition involved, detailed Rehabilitation and Resettlement studies are not envisaged
under this study; however, the indirect impacts on the local and regional community
due to the proposed MEP project were studied.
A detailed review on the process and material balance of the proposed operations were
undertaken. Water balance diagrams were developed as per the terms of reference
issued for the proposed MEP project. In addition, a detailed review on the process
technology, material balance, source of raw materials, fuels etc were also studied.
A typical review on the process equipment, various pollution control systems proposed
details of wastes and discharges that are envisaged from the proposed project were also
undertaken. Such inputs are adopted while predicting various environmental impacts
due to operation of the facility and also to suggest an appropriate environmental
management plan and environmental monitoring plan.
As a part of the environmental impact assessment study, an attempt was made to
predict the possible and likely impacts on background environment. Likely air quality
impacts due to release of emissions (captive co-generation power plant and vehicular
emissions) were modelled using ISCST3 model. Ground level concentration of criteria
pollutants such as Particulate Matter, Sulphur Dioxide, Oxides of Nitrogen were
estimated using ISCST3 model. Hourly meteorological data generated was adopted to
assess ground level concentrations. Highest ground level concentrations were predicted
and concentration isopleths of the above-mentioned pollutants were plotted.
The predicted ground level concentrations of the respective pollutants were added to the
prevailing baseline concentrations of the designated pollutants to assess the likely
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cumulative post project scenario and such values were compared with the National
Ambient Air Quality Standards.
Noise generating sources were identified and the expected noise levels were estimated.
ISO compliant noise propagation models were adopted to predict likely noise levels at
the facility boundary and nearby villages.
Impact & measures for fugitive emission control was studied. Impact due to utilization
of treated wastewater for green cover and irrigation applications was studied.
In addition to the above aspects, the positive environmental benefits arising from
community development plans under CER (Corporate Environment Responsibility)
budget allocated for the proposed project, ecological and biodiversity enhancement
aspects due to development of plantation and green-cover development in the vicinity of
the Mill site were also studied.
Based on a detailed environmental impact assessment study, a comprehensive report on
the environmental management plan was developed covering the following aspects:
construction phase environmental management plan, air quality management plan,
noise and water quality management plan, wastewater treatment, reuse, recycling and
disposal programme, solid and hazardous waste collection, storage and disposal
programme, fly ash collection and utilization plan, rainwater harvesting plan, socio
economic and community development plan, ecological and biodiversity enhancement
plan. An outline of the proposed environmental management systems, environmental
cell and environmental monitoring programme were also presented in this report.
Although the proposed facility utilizes the limited quantities of flammable and
combustible materials with threshold levels below the stipulated quantities under
Hazardous Waste Management, Handling and Transboundary movement Rules 2016, a
preliminary risk assessment study, was undertaken to assess the residual risks, if any,
due to storage and handling of furnace oil, coal and other combustible material.
CPCB guidelines on risk assessment methods were adopted and qualitative methods
were adhered. Based on the qualitative risk assessment study, a preliminary fire safety
and occupational health management plan was suggested.
1.8 Regulatory Context
The following environmental laws are applicable to the proposed MEP project:
Environment Protection Act 1986, Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1974,
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Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1981, Manufacture, Storage and Import of
Hazardous Chemical Rules, 1989 as amended in 2000, Hazardous and Other Waste
(Management and Transboundary Movement) Rules 2016.
The following guidelines and regulations are applicable for the proposed project: EIA
Notification and its amendments, Emission and wastewater discharge standards
stipulated by Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change (MoEF&CC) and
Gujarat Pollution Control Board (GPCB), Noise level standards, National Ambient Air
Quality Standards, minimum stack height requirements specified by Central Pollution
Control Board, fly ash utilization notifications etc.
1.8.1 Ambient Air Quality Standards
The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, with its latest
amendment, to prevent and control air pollution, in line with the general
standards prescribed in the Act. The general standards for National Ambient Air
Quality follow Schedule VII prescribed in Environment (Protection) Rules 1986
and Schedule I of Environment (Protection) Rules 1986. The National ambient
air quality standards are given in Table 1.2
Table 1-2 National Ambient Air Quality Standards
Pollutant
Time Weighte
d Average
Concentration in Ambient Air (µg/m3)
Industrial Residential,
Rural & Other Areas
Ecologically Sensitive Areas (notified by
Central Government)
Sulphur dioxide (SO2) (µg/m3)
Annual Average*
50 20
24 hrs** 80 80
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) (µg/m3)
Annual Average*
40 30
24 hrs ** 80 80
Particulate Matter (Size less than 10 µg) (PM10) (µg/m3)
Annual Average*
60 60
24 hrs ** 100 100
Particulate Matter (Size less than 2.5 µg) (PM2.5) (µg/m3)
Annual Average*
40 40
24 hrs ** 60 60
Ozone (O3) (µg/m3) 8 hrs ** 100 100
1 hrs ** 180 180
Lead (Pb) (µg/m3)
Annual Average*
0.5 0.5
24 hrs ** 1.5 1.0
Carbon monoxide (CO) (µg/m3)
8 hrs ** 2000 2000
1 hrs ** 4000 4000
Ammonia (NH3) (µg/m3) Annual
Average* 100 100
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Pollutant
Time Weighte
d Average
Concentration in Ambient Air (µg/m3)
Industrial Residential,
Rural & Other Areas
Ecologically Sensitive Areas (notified by
Central Government)
24 hrs ** 400 400
Benzene (C6H6) Annual* 5 5
Benzo(a) Pyrene (BaP)- Particulate phase only (µg/m3)
Annual* 0.001 0.001
Arsenic (As) (µg/m3) Annual* 0.006 0.006
Nickel (Ni) (µg/m3) Annual* 0.020 0.020
* Annual arithmetic mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year taken twice a week 24 hourly at uniform interval. ** 24 hourly/8 hourly values should be met 98% of the time in a year. However, 2% of the time, it may exceed but not on two consecutive days.
1.8.2 Air Emission Discharge Standards
According to the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) emission discharge
standards for paper and pulp industry, particulate matter emissions from point
source emissions from captive co-generation power plant should not exceed 30
mg/Nm3 for new boiler, 50 mg/Nm3 for Thermal Power Plants (units) installed
after 1st Jan 2003 upto 31st December 2016 and 100 mg/Nm3 for Thermal Power
Plants (units) installed before 31st before 2003 as per MoEF&CC notification No.
3305(E) dated 07/12/2015.
1.8.3 Minimum Stack Height Standards
According to the environmental protection rules, a minimum stack height of the thermal
power plant will be defined based on the total sulphur dioxide (SO2) emission released
from the stack using empirical formula (14 x (Q)0.3, where Q is expressed in SO2
emission rate in kg/h).
As per the latest MoEF&CC notification, dated 28th June 2018, for the Thermal Power
Plants with wet Flue Gas Desulphurization (FGD) less than 100 MW, minimum stack
height to be estimated using empirical formula (H= 6.902 (Q×0.277)0.555).
1.8.4 Ambient Noise Standards
Noise levels in the work-zone area should not exceed 85 dB (A) for a cumulative
exposure time of eight (8) hrs. The CPCB has since finalized the Ambient Air
Quality standards in respect of Noise under Section 16 (2) (h) of the Air
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(Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 as amended in 1987. General noise
standards are given in Table 1.3
Table 1-3 General Noise Standards
Area Code Category Area Limits in dB (A) Leq
Day Time Night Time
A Industrial area 75 70
B Commercial area 65 55
C Residential area 55 45
D Silence zone 50 40
Definition
Day time: Between 6 AM to 10 PM Night time: Between 10 PM to 6 AM Silence Zone: Areas up to 100 meters around such premises as hospitals, educational institutions and courts. The silence zones are to be declared by the Competent Authority. Use of vehicular horns, loudspeakers and bursting of crackers shall be banned in these zones.
1.8.5 Pulp and Paper mill- Specific Wastewater Discharge Standards
The relevant standards for a Large Pulp and Paper Mill for the wastewater
discharge as per Environment Protection Act, 1986 (EPA) Notifications are
presented in the following Table 1.4. However, the industries shall follow
prescribed standards of respective State Pollution Control Boards (Table 1.5).
Table 1-4 Wastewater Discharge Standards
S.No Parameter Units Tolerance
Limit not to exceed
1 Flow m³/t of paper
200
2 pH - 7 to 8.5
3 Total Suspended Solids mg/l 50
4 Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 2100
5 BOD at 27°C for 3 days mg/l 30
6 COD mg/l 250
7 TOCL kg/tonne of
product 2 .0
8 Adsorbable Organic Halogens (AOX)
kg/ tonne of product
<1
Table 1-5 Discharge Norms of GPCB as per the Consent to Operate of JKPL, Unit
CPM dated 08/02/16
S.No Parameter Unit Land for irrigation
1 pH - 6.5- 8.5
2 Temperature ᵒC 40
3 Colour (Pt Co. scale) in units units 100
4 Suspended Solids mg/l 100
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S.No Parameter Unit Land for irrigation
5 Oil and Grease mg/l 10
6 Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 2100
7 Phenolic Compounds mg/l 1
8 Sulphides mg/l 2
9 Ammonical Nitrogen mg/l 50
10 Chlorides mg/l 600
11 Sulphates mg/l 1000
12 Total Chromium mg/l 2
13 Hexavalent Chromium mg/l 0.1
14 BOD (3 days at 27ᵒC) mg/l 30
15 Chemical Oxygen Demand mg/l 200
16 AOX mg/l 8
17 Sodium Absorption Ratio - 10
18 Total Organic Chloride mg/l 2
19 Percent Sodium % 60
1.8.6 Hazardous and other Waste (Management, and Transboundary
Movement) Rule, 2016
The Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India, has enacted the above
rules so as to ensure effective collection, storage, treatment, transport, reception, import
and disposal of hazardous wastes. Any occupier or unit, generating hazardous wastes
and involved in the collection, storage, treatment, transport, reception import and
disposal of hazardous wastes should obtain authorisation of the Pollution Control
Board.
All units generating or handling hazardous wastes more than the regulatory quantities
will have to apply for the authorisation of the Board in a prescribed form. In the
amendments introduced in the year 2016, Schedule I, rule 3 (1) (17) (i) 38 categories of
processes generating hazardous wastes were listed. The Table 1.6 gives standards
applicable to pulp and paper industry.
Table 1-6 List of Hazardous Wastes as Applicable to Pulp & Paper Industry
S.No Processes Hazardous wastes
1
5. Industrial operations using mineral/synthetic oil as lubricant in hydraulic systems or other applications
5.1 Used/spent oil 5.2 Wastes/residues
containing oil
2 32.Pulp & Paper industry
32.1 Spent chemicals 32.2 Corrosive wastes
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S.No Processes Hazardous wastes
arising from use of strong acid and bases 32.3 Sludge containing
adsorbable organic halides
1.9 Structure of EIA
This EIA report is structured into eleven chapters as below.
Chapter 1 – Introduction
Chapter 2 –Existing Environmental Compliance and Management -Overview of the
of the existing facilities and consents issued (EC, NOC etc), Summary of the
environmental compliance, Air pollution sources, stacks as per the NOC and summary
of the emission test results, Water allocation, Water consumption and water balance in
the existing facility, Wastewater quality and ETP data, Summary of various
environmental monitoring programs adopted, Details of the environmental management
cell.
Chapter 3- Proposed Mill Expansion Plan (MEP)-presents details of the proposed
project, process and material balance, raw-materials and details of various supporting
facilities required for the project, and an outline of the project cost and project
implementation schedules.
Chapter 4 - (Baseline Environmental Status) presents a comprehensive description of
the baseline environmental conditions of the study area. This includes the data
obtained from primary surveys and also secondary published data from various
authentic sources. All the specified environmental components such as meteorological
data, air quality, noise levels, surface and ground water resources, surface and ground
water quality, geological and mineralogical features, soil quality, land use and land
cover in the study area, cropping pattern, ecological and biological environmental
conditions and socioeconomic and cultural aspects of the Mill site. All the relevant
aspects as mentioned in the Terms of Reference (ToR) were thoroughly addressed.
Chapter 5 – (Prediction of Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures)
presents the environmental aspects associated with the proposed project, envisaged
emissions and discharges from the facility, an overview of various pollution control
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systems proposed under project planning activities in the detailed project report and
construction and operational phase environmental impacts.
Chapter 6 – (Analysis of Alternatives) Description of each alternative studied and the
selected alternatives are given.
Chapter 7 – (Environmental Monitoring Plan) presents monitoring plan which
include measurement methodologies, frequency, location, data analysis,
reporting schedules, emergency procedures, & detailed budget.
Chapter 8 – (Additional Studies) presents details of the public hearing and an overview
of risk mitigation plan and various occupational health programmes adopted by JKPL at
its existing facilities
Chapter 9 – (Project Benefits) presents the benefits of the project.
Chapter 10–(Environmental Management Plan EMP) presents the
administrative aspects of ensuring that mitigation measures are implemented
and their effectiveness monitored, after approval of the EIA.
Chapter 11–(Summary and Conclusion) presents the summary and Conclusion of EIA
report.
Chapter 12–(Disclosure of Consultant) presents the declaration by the EIA consultant
organization as per the NABET requirements.
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2. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ASPECTS IN THE EXISTING
FACILITIES
2.1. Overview of the Existing Facilities
This section presents an overview of the existing facilities of JK Paper, Unit CPM,
Songadh, its environmental compliance aspects and Environmental Management
Program implemented in the existing facility.
Unit CPM, Songadh is spreading in an area of 363 acres of land comprising main
plant and its supporting facilities, colony, green belt and plantation area. The
existing facility is permitted and consented to produce 1,60,800 tpa of writing and
printing paper and packaging board (Writing and printing paper - 60,000 tpa,
Duplex Coated Board – 1,00,800 tpa) and pulp production capacity of 60,000 BD
tpa as per the Environmental Clearance obtained from Ministry of Environment,
Forest & Climate Change (MoEF&CC). The public hearing was held on 26/10/2005
as per the process stipulated under notification S.O.318 (E) & S.O.319 (E), dt
10/04/1997 issued by MoEF&CC. The copy of Environmental Clearance is attached
as Annexure 4.
The chronology of the Environmental Clearances obtained in the existing facility is
presented in the Table 2.1.
Table 2-1 Chronology of the Existing Environmental Clearances
SI. No. EC No. Dated Details on Environmental Clearance
1
F. No. J-11-13/61/2005-IA II (I)
October 10, 2005
Environmental Clearance of Duplex Board Plant from MoEF&CC, Delhi
2 F. No. J-11013/61/2005 IA-II
May 2, 2005
Environmental Clearance for Coated Duplex Board Project- 5000 TPM and Chlorine Dioxide Plant- 45 TPM.
3 F.No. J-11011/416/2008-IA-II
October 17, 2008
Expansion of pulp and paper plant (4200 MT/Month to 5000 MT/Month) by installing Oxygen Delignification Plant (ODL)
Public Hearing was exempted as per the para 7 (ii) of EIA notification, 2006.
The facility is granted with Consolidated Consent and Authorization (CC&A) from
GPCB vide their Consent No. AWH-63794 dated 28.07.2014, valid up to
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10.04.2019 under Water (P & CP) Act 1974 and Air (P & CP) Act 1981 as amended
and under Hazardous Waste (M &H and TM) Rules 2008. The copy of the
Consolidated Consent and Authorization (CC&A) is enclosed as Annexure-5.
JKPL, Unit CPM is regularly submitting the compliance report to Regional Office,
MoEF&CC, and the facility has obtained certified compliance report for
Environmental Clearance 2008 from MoEF&CC Regional Office, Bhopal vide letter
No. 5-266/2008(ENV)/316 dated 07/08/2018. The copy of the same is attached as
Annexure- 6.
The existing facility consists of paper machines, board machine, pulp mill, captive
power plant, chemical recovery section, lime kiln, effluent treatment plant and
other supporting facilities. The capacity details of various units in existing facility is
presented in the Table 2.2.
Table 2-2 Overview of the Details of the Existing Facilities
SL No.
Description Units Existing Capacity
Remarks
1 Paper/Board Machine Section
1.1 Paper Machine-1&2 (PWP) tpa 60,000 -
1.2 Duplex Coated Board tpa 1,00,800 -
1.3 Total Paper/Board Production tpa 1,60,800 -
1.4 Secondary Fibre Treatment (SFT) Plant
BD tpd 200 -
2 Pulp Mill
2.1 Bleached Chemical Wood Pulp Mill
BD tpa 60,000
3 stage bleaching using C/D-EoP-D (chlorine, chlorine dioxide, caustic, oxygen and hydrogen peroxide)
2.2 Chlorine Dioxide plant tpd 2 -
2.3 Oxygen Generation Plant Nm3/hr 200 -
3 Recovery Plant
3.1 Evaporator tph of water
evaporation 70 -
3.2 Black liquor solids fired recovery boiler
tpd of black liquor solids
335 -
3.3 Rotary Lime Kiln tpd of
lime 90 -
3.4 Recausticising plant Whilte liquor
cum/day
1,000 -
4 Steam Generation from Coal Fired Boilers
4.1 CFB#1 TPH 20 Spreader Stoker Boiler,
Standby
4.2 CFB#2 TPH 30 AFBC Boiler, Standby
4.3 CFB#3 TPH 50 AFBC Boiler
4.4 CFB#4 TPH 70 CFBC Boiler
4.5 Total Steam Generation TPH 170
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SL No.
Description Units Existing Capacity
Remarks
5 Captive Power Generation
5.1 TG#1 MW 3.125 Standby
5.2 TG#2 MW 3.125 Standby
5.3 TG#3 MW 12 -
5.4 TG#4 MW 12 -
5.5 Total Captive Power Plant Capacity
MW 30.25 -
6 Others
6.1 Producer Gas (PG) Plant Nm³/h 3000
6.2 Precipitated Calcium Carbonate (PCC) Plant (CaCO3)
tpm 1200 utilizes CO2 gas from Lime Kiln Flue gas which is used as filler in paper manufacturing
6.3 Silicate Nano Fibers (CaSiO3) TPM 1500 To increase filler loading and reduce the specific energy consumption.
7 Water and Wastewater
7.1 Water Intake and Treatment Plant
m3/day 35,000
Water allocation from Narmada W.R.W.S and Kalpasar Department is about 5 MGD (22,700 m3/day).
7.2 Wastewater Treatment Plant m3/day 30,000 -
2.2. Land Use of the Existing Facilities
The mill has total land area of 363 acres (Plant area 201 acres and Colony area 162
acres). The total areas of green belt and plantation constitutes to about 121 acres
covering about 33% of total area.
Table 2-3 Land Use break up of the Existing Facility
S.No Category Post MEP
A Plant area
A.1 Plant & Building 20
A.2 Materials storage 21
A.3 Roads/Drains 8
A.4 Vacant area (for future development) 96
A.5 Green belt/ green cover within mill area 56
Total Plant area 201
B Colony area
B.1 Built up area 54
B.2 Vacant area 43
B.3 Green belt/Green cover 65
Total Colony area 162
Total (A+B+C) 363
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2.3. Process description of Existing Facilities
2.3.1. Manufacturing Process of Paper
Raw Material Preparation
Raw material (Wood/bamboo) is cut into small chips of 20-25 mm size by Chipper.
Chips are screened in vibrating screen and washed to remove dust. Chip dust
generated is used in coal fired boiler as fuel along with coal.
Pulp Mill Section
Wood Chips are fed to digesters with the help of belt conveyor wherein the chips
are cooked with caustic soda solution containing sodium Sulphide. The
temperature of this solution is gradually increased to remove lignin to produce the
pulp. Unbleached pulp is washed in brown stock washers to remove cooking
chemicals. Washed pulp is screened in a 3-stage pressure screening system.
Screened pulp is then sent to Oxygen Delignification (ODL) Plant where pulp is
reacted with oxygen to further remove lignin which is washed in subsequent
washing stages. Pulp after Oxygen Delignification is sent to bleach plant wherein it
is bleached to the desired level using bleaching chemicals like Chlorine, Caustic
Soda, Hydrogen Peroxide and finally with Chlorine Dioxide.
Chemical Recovery Section
Spent liquor containing cooking chemicals is collected from brown stock washers
and pumped to recovery process where it is concentrated in evaporators and burnt
in recovery boiler to get smelt which is mostly sodium carbonate. Caustic soda is
recovered with the help of lime in the Causticizing section and again reused for
cooking wood/bamboo chips in pulp mill digesters. Sludge will be burnt in lime
kiln to recover alkali.
Paper Making Section
Bleached pulp is taken to two Nos. of paper machine section where it is refined.
Paper making chemicals like alum, rosin, starch, soapstone powder and dyes etc
are added to pulp slurry which is passed over wire to remove water. Wet paper
sheet is then passed through presses and rotating steam heated dryers to remove
moisture from paper sheet. Finally, paper is made in the form of reels or sheets as
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per customers’ requirements. The process flow diagram of paper plant is presented
in the Figure 2.1.
Figure 2-1 Pulp and Paper Manufacturing Process Flow Diagram
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2.3.2. Manufacturing Process of Coated Packaging Board
Packaging Board is used for packaging of variety of products including cosmetics,
pharmaceuticals, consumer goods, food products etc.
The packaging board consists of three layers of boards made of different types of
pulp. The raw material used for the product is Virgin pulp/secondary fiber pulp
which is treated in Secondary fiber Treatment (SFT) plant having three different
streets namely A, B & C for treatment of different types of pulp.
The pulp from SFT is used for stock preparation where it is made suitable for
manufacturing board. Chemicals like Alum, Rosin, Soap Stone powder, dyes etc.
are added to pulp slurry.
After stock preparation, pulp of different quality will be fed to paper machine for
manufacturing of coated packaging board.
Figure 2-2 Typical view of Paper, Pulp and Board Plant at the Existing Facility
Paper Machine Pulp Mill
Board Machine Outside of Board Machine
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2.4. Steam Requirement and Generation Facilities
The existing facility consists of one stoker fired boiler, a CFBC boiler, and two
AFBC boilers and a recovery boiler that are catering to the steam requirements for
the process, main plant and power generation needs. Details of the boilers are
presented in Table 2.2. Necessary permits and consents have been obtained for all
the existing boilers. The total installed steam generation capacity of all the coal
boilers is about 170 TPH. Currently power utilisation in the existing facility mill is
about 18 MW. About 130 TPH of steam is being generated. One AFBC coal fired
boiler and one CFBC coal fired boiler along with one Recovery Boiler are operated to
meet the steam demand. One AFBC coal boiler and one Stoker Fired coal boiler are
kept on stand-by operation mode.
The coal required for the existing plant is sourced from Western Coal Fields
Limited. The fuel supply agreement between Western Coalfield Limited and JKPL is
attached as Annexure-7. The types of fuel used for power boilers, its
characteristics and consumption at the existing facility are presented in the Table
2.4 and the typical photographs of the existing boilers with ESPs are shown in the
Figure 2.3. Apart from coal, wood dust and debark waste is fired in the power
boilers which reduces the consumption of coal.
Table 2-4 Fuel used in Existing Facility and their characteristics
SI. No.
Fuel Used Existing
Consumption (tpa)
Calorific Value
(Kcal/kg)
Moisture Content
(%)
Total Ash Content
(%)
Sulphur Content
(%)
1 Indian Coal 70,000 4000 12 38 0.5
2 Imported Coal 1,00,000 5500 33 7.4 0.8
3 Lignite 70,000 5000 36 15 1.5
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Figure 2-3 Typical View of Boilers in the Existing Facility
Coal Fired Boiler 1&2 Coal Fired Boiler 3
Coal Fired Boiler-4 Chemical Recovery Boiler
2.5. Power Requirement and Generation Facilities
The facility is permitted to generate 30.25 MW of power from the captive power
plant. The existing plant has totally four steam turbo generators (TG). Out of
which, two TGs of capacity 12MW each are operated continuously and other two
TGs of capacity 3.125 MW each are kept as standby. The details of TGs are
presented in the Table 2.1. The photographs of the Turbo Generators at the
existing facility are presented in the Figure 2.4.
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Figure 2-4 Typical View of TGs at the Existing Facility
TG-3 (12 MW) TG-4 (12 MW)
2.6. Water Requirement and Treatment Facilities
Water is a vital component for manufacturing of paper. The facility is permitted to
draw 5 MGD (22,730 m3/day) of water from Ukai Left Bank Main Canal. The water
withdrawal permission letter from Narmada Water Resources & Water Supply and
Kalpasar Department, Government of Gujarat is enclosed as Annexure 8 (a). Raw
water intake and pre-treatment scheme is presented in Figure 2.5.
Currently the fresh water consumption is about 20,500 m3/day including domestic
and industrial applications. The specific water consumption is in the order of 40
m3/T of paper production. The water consumption details of the existing facility are
presented in the Table 2.5.
Figure 2-5 Water Distribution System at Existing Facility (April 2017 to March 2018)
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Figure 2-6 Water Treatment Facilities at Existing Plant
Water Clarifier
Table 2-5 Water Consumption in the Existing Facility
Sl.No. Description Fresh Water Consumption
(m3/day)
1 Utilities 1800
2 Paper Machine 7100
3 Board Machine 3000
4 Pulp Mill 6300
5 Misc. 500
6 Domestic 1800
Total for Plant
Total 20,500
Specific water consumption per tonne of paper production
40
2.7. Summary of Existing Pollution Sources and Environmental
Management Plan
The facility has been inspected by MoEF&CC regional office and latest certified
compliance report issued by MoEF&CC, Bhopal office is attached as Annexure-6.
The facility has a full-fledged environmental cell headed by qualified senior
personnel. The environmental department work towards ensuring 100%
compliance with stipulated regulations and guidelines. The facility has been
accorded with ISO 14001:2015 certification for environmental management
program. The emissions and treated wastewater quality are continuously being
monitored at the site. A full-fledged R&D lab is established within the facility for
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effective monitoring. The organogram of environmental management cell is
presented in the Figure 2.7.
Figure 2-7 Environmental Management Cell
2.7.1. Air Quality Management Aspects
The flue gases generated from Boilers is the only source of emission which is
vented out through stacks of adequate dimensions after passing through ESPs and
pollution control systems. The atmospheric pollutants from the stack of these
sources include particulate matter, Sulphur Dioxide, Nitrogen Oxides.
Electrostatic Precipitators (ESP) are installed on all 4 power boilers, recovery boiler
and also lime kiln to control the dust emissions to levels below the stipulated
norms of GPCB. Two combined stacks are provided for boiler 1&2 and boiler 3&4
respectively and dedicated stacks are provided for chemical recovery boiler and lime
kiln. Continuous emission monitoring systems are being installed on all the stacks.
In addition, stack emission monitoring is conducted by external laboratory which is
NABL accredited. The details of the stack is given in Table 2.6. The GPCB test
report for stack emissions are shown in Table 2.7 and the recent test reports of
GPCB for stack monitoring are attached as Annexure 9.
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Table 2-6 Existing Stack Details
Stack No
Stack attached to
Stack Height
(m)
Stack Diameter
(m)
Stack Gas Temperature
(°C)
Gaseous Discharge (Nm3/hr)
1 Power Boiler I,
II, 50 TPH combined
70 3.0 135 51007
2 Power Boiler
III, IV, 120 TPH combined
91 3.0 140 74576
Table 2-7 Stack Emissions as per latest GPCB test report
Location Test report
dated Parameter Unit Result
GPCB Permissible
limit
Power Boiler III & IV
04/12/2017
PM mg/Nm3 86 150
SO2 ppm 51 100
NOx ppm 20 50
In order to control the fugitive emissions from the coal and ash handling areas,
water sprinkling systems are installed. All coal transfer points are provided with
dust extraction and collection systems. The fugitive emissions are monitored by
NABL accredited external laboratory at various locations.
CO2 from the Lime Kiln flue gases is utilized in Precipitated Calcium Carbonate
(PCC) plant which is used as filler in paper manufacturing.
Odour emissions are controlled at the existing facility by use of “closed feed”
system in the batch reactors. 100 % processing of black liquor in the evaporator for
further processing in the recovery boiler has been adopted. NCG gas levels are
measured by CPPRI in the work zone area and is reported to be below detectable
limits.
Ambient Air quality in the existing facility is monitored once in a month and the
data is submitted annually to GPCB. Ambient Air Quality is also monitored by
external laboratory (NABL Accredited) at the upwind and downwind directions.
The typical view of various pollution control systems in the existing facility are
shown in Figure 2.8.
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Figure 2-8 Typical View of Existing Air Pollution Control Systems
ESPs for Boilers
ESP for Boiler Closed Coal Storage Yard
2.7.2. Wastewater Generation and Treatment
The total wastewater generated at the existing facility is about 17,500 m³/day. The
existing ETP is designed for a capacity to handle 30,000 m³/day effluents. The
existing specific water consumption and wastewater generation is in the order of 40
m3/T and 36 m3/T of paper production respectively which are lower than charter
norms as stipulated by CPCB. Wastewater quality parameters are monitored on
daily basis at the JKPL, Unit CPM central laboratory.
An online wastewater quality monitoring system is installed to monitor the final
treated wastewater quality which is connected to GPCB server. In addition, treated
wastewater is being analyzed by a third party NABL approved environmental
laboratory once in every three months. The test report is attached as Annexure 10.
All the recommendations made in the Charter on Corporate Responsibility for
Environment Protection (CREP) for the pulp and paper sector is being implemented
at the existing facility. AoX levels in the treated wastewater are maintained at 5.79
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mg/l1 as against the GPCB limit of 8 mg/l. The typical view of the ETP is shown in
Figure 2.9 and the flow sheet of ETP is presented in the Figure 2.10. The
summary of the quality of the treated wastewater generated from the plant is given
in Table 2.8.
Table 2-8 Treated Effluent Quality as per third party assessment test report
S.No. Parameter Unit ETP Outlet GPCB limit
1 pH - 7.5 6.5 to 8.5
2 Colour Pt Co 90 100
3 Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 1464 2100
4 Suspended Solids mg/l 72 100
5 Ammonical Nitrogen mg/l 0.42 50
6 Chlorides as (Cl-) mg/l 245 600
7 Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)
mg/l 142
200
8 % Sodium % 18.28 60
9 Oil and Grease mg/l Bdl 10
10 Phenolic Compounds mg/l 0.82 1
11 Sulphide mg/l <0.01 2
12 BOD at 27 °C for 3 days mg/l 22 30
Note: BDL- Below detection limit. Source: Analysis Report from Pollucon Laboratories Ltd (NABL Accredited Laboratory) dated 07.07.2018
Figure 2-9 Typical View of Existing ETP Facilities
Primary Clarifier Secondary Clarifier
1 Test Report of AoX Assessment of treated wastewater from existing facility, conducted by Avantha
Centre for Industrial Research & Development dated 22.05.2018(Annexure 10)
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Surface Aeration Tank Belt Filter Press
Aerial View of ETP
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Figure 2-10 Flow Diagram of Existing Effluent Treatment Plant
Sump & pump house
Treated Effluent for irrigation
Clarified water reservoir
Sump & pump House
Recirculation of Activated sludge
Urea & DAP
Under flow Pump House
Under flow
Paper machine & board effluent
For chemical Recovery unit power house
Under flow
Paper machine clarifier
Reuse pump
From pulp mill and chipper house
From septic tanks Overflow
Raw water clarifier sludge
Mechanical Bar screening
Primary clarifier
Vibro Screen
Sludge Storage
Belt press filter
for dewatering
ETP Sludge storage
Vibro Screen
Additional sludge storage
Belt press filter
Filtrate
Secondary
clarifier
Irrigation
Sump
Recirculation
Pump House
Treated effluent for Greenbelt development
Recycle for Process use
Recycle for process use
Aeration
Tank
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2.7.3. Utilization of Treated Effluent
At present, treated effluent is being utilized in various areas like horticulture,
plantation, chips washing, coal dust scrubbing, bamboo wetting, ash silo and floor
washing and in lime kiln and evaporator direct condenser. Apart from utilizing the
treated wastewater for the existing greenbelt and plantation in the company owned
lands, it also being supplied to irrigation needs of the local farmers. About 1050
acres of land in the nearby areas is getting benefitted due to utilization of treated
wastewater in the area.
JKPL had engaged Navsari Agriculture University (NAU) to carry out the
assessment study of the quality of treated effluent and its effect on soil and crop
pattern by its utilization for agricultural crops. Based on the study, it was
concluded that treated wastewater is most suitable for irrigation in the area.
Therefore, after a detailed engineering study, pipelines were laid for the supply for
treated wastewater to the farmers. The irrigation scheme was implemented in three
phases wherein currently 1050 acres of land is being utilized for irrigation of
treated wastewater. About 223 farmers in the nearby areas who are dependent on
the rainwater for agriculture are being benefitted due to the scheme. More then
85% of the treated wastewater is utilized for irrigation needs and further efforts are
being made to utilize treated effluent for irrigation purpose. River water quality
data of the upstream and downstream of the Godanala confluence was reported be
in line with water quality objectives stipulated by CPCB. Photographs of utilization
of treated wastewater for land irrigation are presented in the Figure 2.11.
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Figure 2-11 Utilization of treated wastewater for Irrigation and Plantation
Sugarcane cultivation by using Treated Effluent
Groundnut Cultivation by using Treated Effluent
Pipelines Laid for the supply of treated effluent from JKPL
Pumps House at ETP to utilize the treated effluent for irrigation
2.7.4. Noise Management
The noise levels at the facility are maintained well within the stipulated norms. The
ambient noise levels at the facility are being monitored at 21 locations in the plant
facility periodically by third party laboratory assessment. The recent test report of
ambient noise level analysis from external laboratory is attached as Annexure-11.
The noise levels at the facility are maintained well within the standards prescribed
under Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 Rules, 1989 viz. 75 dBA (day time) and
70 dBA (night time).
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2.7.5. Solid and Hazardous Waste Management
Wood dust generated during the process of wood chipping which has calorific value
around 2000 Kcal/Kg is used as a fuel along with coal in coal fired boiler. This
reduces the consumption of coal in the boiler. Fly ash from boilers is 100 %
utilized for the manufacturing of bricks and cement.
A dedicated bio gas plant is installed for plant canteen that utilizes biodegradable
wastes generated from canteen to generate bio gas.
Hazardous waste generated from the existing facility includes ETP sludge and used
oil. The Authorization for the Management & Handling of Hazardous Wastes vide
No AWH-63794 dated 28/07/2014 (consolidated consent authorization) is attached
as Annexure 5. The details of the quantity of solid and hazardous waste generated
within the facility are presented in the Table 2.9.
Table 2-9 Solid and Hazardous Waste Generation and Disposal
Sl No Particulars Quantity tpd Recycling/Reuse
1 Bamboo/Wood Dust
20 Used as fuel in Boiler
2 Fly Ash 120 Used in Cement/Brick manufacturing plants (MoU attached as Annexure 12)
3 Lime Sludge 60
Lime mud is reused in Lime Kiln installed in plant Lime sludge generated is used for backfilling abandoned stone quarry which is taken on lease located about 5 km from the facility.
4 ETP Sludge 16 Sold to board manufacturers
5 Spent Oil 9KL/year Given to authorized recyclers
2.8. Greenbelt and Plantation
Out of the total 363 Acres of the entire facility, about 121 Acres of the land has
been developed under greenbelt and plantation. Plantation programme is being
carried out surrounding the vacant mill area with pulpable species like Eucalyptus,
Subabul, Casurina etc for increasing raw material availability and green cover.
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Typical view of the plantation in and around the existing plant is shown in Figure
2.12.
Figure 2-12 Typical View Greenbelt and Plantation within the Facility
2.9. Occupational Health Programs
A dedicated Occupational Health Centre (OHC) is located within the existing facility
which consists of 5 bed hospital, X-ray machine, ECG, lung function test facilities,
pulse oximeter, audiometric test facilities and general lab facilities including an
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ambulance. Two dedicated doctors assisted by two nurses and other supporting
staff. All employees and workers undergo annual health checkups such as blood
tests, lung function test (PEFR), vision test and audiometric tests other physical
fitness tests. The photographs of the existing OHC are presented in the Figure
2.13.
Figure 2-13 Photographs of the Existing OHC
OHC located inside JKPL
Oxygenator Audiometer
2.10. Industrial Safety Management
In order to ensure safety of all the employees, infrastructure and environment, the
company has set up a fully equipped safety department consisting of highly
qualified and trained professionals. The company has positioned fire hydrants at
strategic locations throughout manufacturing unit. Fire-fighting systems are
designed and implemented as per National Building Code and applicable state
regulations. The following firefighting facilities are installed at the facility:
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(i). Electrical fire pump: 137m3/hr& 250 m3/hr, diesel pump: 137 m3/hr& 250
m3/hr and Jockey pump: 1080 m3/hr,
(ii). Fire water ring main system has been provided across the plant, storage area
etc., (iii). About 119 numbers of fire hydrants are installed as per building codes,
(iv). 15 water sprinklers were installed at coal storage area,
(v). 220 fire extinguishers are installed across the facility,
(vi). 20 numbers of first aid facilities are placed at all critical locations,
(vii). Necessary vacuum system and scrubbers are provided at Chlorine tonner
area, (viii). Chlorine gas detectors are placed near the chlorine plant, and three
self-breathing operators (oxygen masks) are made available,
(x). Fire engine vehicle is in place.
The photographs of the installed firefighting systems in the unit are presented in
the Figure 2.14.
Figure 2-14 Fire Safety Systems in the Existing Unit
2.11. Summary of Various CSR Programs
The existing facility is providing a direct employment to around 1100 people
(Including workmen &staff) and indirect employment to around 1200 people in the
area. Being one ofthe largest industries in the area, the facility is contributing to
the significant economic growth in the area.
As a part of the corporate social responsibility of the organization, JKPL, Unit CPM
has been implementing various community development programs and about Rs.
39.68 Lakhs was spent on various community development activities during the
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year 2017 -18. Some of the CSR programs implemented in the area are highlighted
in the following:
Adult Literacy –
Adult literacy Program was started in the year 2004 and under robust efforts,
JKPL, Unit CPM has opened 207 Nos. of centres successfully. The unit is
directly working for this initiative i.e. for identifying illiterates, finding teacher,
place for conducting ALP Classes for 6 months, providing books & stationery
and arranging for learning assessment followed by “Dikshant Samaroh”.
Adoption and upgradation of ITI Ukai under Public Private Partnership (PPP)
mode
To improve infrastructure for skill development and training faculties the unit
is working with ITI Ukai in PPP mode to further ensure better employability for
tribal youth at the Institute.
Promotion of Health Care Services
Periodic Health check-up / diagnosis/Treatment camps in nearby selected
villages are organized by the unit. This program works on the principal of
‘Preventive Health Care’ and enhances the health status and perpetuates
consciousness amongst all sections of the society. Total 14 villages were
selected in Songadh and Ucchhal Taluka as a project area for integrated health
care activities.
Blood Donation Camps
Blood Donation Camp was organised by JKPL on 20.06.2017 at Occupational
Health Centre, JK Paper Ltd, Unit: CPM. About 133 People got themselves
registered for blood donation and 107 people donated their blood in this camp
during the event.
Erection of Multi-Purpose Shed at Govt. Primary School, Parchuli Village,
Ucchhal
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Figure 2-15 Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives and Activities
Adult Literacy Programs
Mobile Medical Camp Subsidized Computer Training
ITI, Ukai adopted under Public Private Partnership
Livelihood Generation through Self Help Groups
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Multi-Purpose Shed at Govt. Primary School, Parchuli Village, Ucchhal
Blood Donation Camp held on 20.06.17
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3. DETAILS OF THE PROPOSED EXPANSION
3.1. Overview of the Proposal
The proposed Mill Modernization and Expansion Plan (MEP) is conceptualized to
increase the mill’s paper/board capacity to 360,800 tpa (increase by 200,000 tpa)
with Bleached Hard Wood Pulp (HWP) and Bleached Chemi Thermo Mechanical
Pulp (BCTMP).
The existing pulp mill of capacity 60,000 BD tpa will be replaced with ECF based
Bleached Chemical Wood Pulp (CWP) mill of capacity 1,60,000 BD tpa which will
be shifted from JKPL, Rayagada unit and re-installed. A new Bleached Chemi
Thermo Mechanical Pulp (BCTMP) of capacity 1,00,000 AD tpa, De-Inking Plant
(DIP) of capacity 150 BD tpd and Secondary Fibre Treatment (SFT) Plant of
capacity 400 BD tpd are proposed to cater to the fibre demand of the varieties of
Boards for the proposed new Board machine. The supporting facilities for the
proposed increase in capacities such as chemical recovery section, power plant,
effluent treatment plant (ETP) will be augmented/upgraded based on the
requirement.
3.1.1. Highlights of the Proposal
The MEP proposals include:
Addition of one (1) multi-layer coated board machine with capacity of
200,000 tpa
Replacing the existing 60,000 BD tpa Bleached Hard Wood Pulp (HWP) mill
with Rapid Displacement Heating (RDH) Elemental Chlorine Free (ECF) Hard
Wood Pulp (HWP) mill of capacity 1,60,000 BD tpa (to be shifted from JKPL
Rayagada unit and re-installed with upgradation). The existing HWP mill will
be retired.
Installation of a new Bleached BCTMP mill of 100,000 AD tpa capacity with
White Liquor Oxidation.
Installation of a new ClO2 plant of 15 tpd while the existing non-integrated
ClO2 will be retired
Installation of newOxygen generation plant of capacity500 Nm3/hr
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Relocation and reinstallation of Evaporation plant from JKPL, Rayagada unit
at JKPL, unit CPM and its upgradation.
Installation of a new 950 tpd of Black Liquor (BL) solids Chemical Recovery
Boiler while the existing Chemical Recovery Boiler will be retired.
Relocation and reinstallation of causticising plant from JKPL, Rayagada unit
at JKPL, unit CPM and its upgradation to produce 3000 m3/day of white
liquor.
Non-Condensable Gases (NCG) collection system to collect Non-Condensable
Gases and incinerating in Lime kiln
Installation of new Producer Gas (PG) plant of capacity 7000 Nm³/h to fire
gas in lime kiln
Ground Calcium Carbonate (GCC) plant of capacity 100 tpd to produce filler
for Board making
Installation of new De-Inking Plant (DIP) of capacity 150 tpd and new
Secondary Fibre Treatment (SFT) plant of capacity 400 tpd
Increasing captive power plant capacity from 30.25 MW to 72.00 MW by
adding a new 30 MW TG, 18 MW TG and 150 tph CFBC boiler. The existing
two TGs of capacity 3.125 MW each and existing two boilers of capacities 20
tph and 30 tph will be retired.
Upgradation of Water intake and Treatment Plant (WTP)
Upgradation/Augmentation of Existing Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP)
Up-gradation/Augmentation of the existing utilities and services to support
the post MEP operations
The MEP has been drawn up in a comprehensive manner to meet the requirement
of the Ministry of Environment and Forests climate change (MoEF&CC) Charter on
Corporate Responsibility for Environmental Protection (CREP) as applicable to pulp
and paper industries.
The modernization and capacity building will also help to consolidate and further
improve on the operational and financial performance. Thus, meeting the
increasing demands of paper board, and developing into a more environmentally
friendly technology. Modernization and Expansion of existing plant includes
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adopting Best Available Technologies (BAT) which will help to enhance to
environmental performance coupled with sustainable economic growth of the plant.
As per the Environmental Protection Act (EPA) 1986 and EIA notification 2006
published by MoEF&CC, the proposed MEP shall undergo Environment Impact
Assessment (EIA) studies.
3.1.2. Salient Features of the Project
Some of the salient features of the proposed MEP are as below;
Replacing existing chlorine-based pulp mill with Elemental Chlorine Free
(ECF) process
Replacing existing conventional old digesters with state-of-the-art RDH
cooking
Replacing old recovery boiler with new high pressure and efficient recovery
boiler
Installation of new BCTMP plant to substitute costly imported pulp
Making the mill more self-reliant on pulp for board/paper making
Generating more bio-fuel (black liquor solids) based energy
State-of-the-art Multilayer Coated Board Machine with energy efficiency
High pressure, high efficiency FBC boiler for better power generation
through co-generation
Higher efficiency turbo generators with low specific steam/t kWh
High efficiency ESP for coal fired boiler boiler, Recovery boiler and Lime kiln
to meet stringent Particulate Matter (PM) norms
Non-Condensable Gases (NCG) collection system to collect Non-Condensable
Gases and incinerate in Lime kiln
Producer Gas (PG) plant to fire gas in lime kiln to reduce consumption of
costly furnace oil.
Adopting water conservation and efficient water management
Recycle and water conservation to reduce specific fresh water consumption
Upgradation of Wastewater treatment plant by segregating the colored and
non-colored effluents with tertiary treatment
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3.2. Details of MEP Proposals
3.2.1. Board Machine Section
Proposals - Board machine will be the state-of-the-art machine to produce quality
boards like Grey Back (GCB), White Back (WCB), Folding Box Board (FBB), Solid
Bleached Board (SBB) etc., consisting of following facilities:
Fiber preparation
Stock preparation and approach flow system
Board machine
Converting and finishing house
3.2.1.1. Secondary fiber preparation (SFT):
Secondary fibers are charged in Hydra pulper with addition of water and same is
processed till waste paper is converted into slurry form onto high consistency pulp.
Figure 3-1 Stock Preparation Process Flow Sheet
The slushed pulp is cleaned in high density cleaner followed by turbo separator for
heavy weight and light weight impurities respectively. Then it is continuously
forwarded to centricleaner after passing through screen. At centricleaner, the sand
is separated due to centrifugal force. The pulp is then taken to Decker thickener
where the water is drained and pulp is thickened and stored in chest.
3.2.1.2. Deinking Plant (DIP)
A double loop DIP of capacity 150 tpd is also proposed for usage as top and back
layers.
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The major raw material required for the DIP is Recycled Fibre (Waste Paper).
Sodium Hydroxide, Sodium Silicate and Sodium Hydrosulfite are the major
bleaching agents that will be used in the DIP process.
Different grades of pulps are stored in separate HD tower for onward pumping to
approach flow system. However, the furnish mix and the raw material will be
adjusted with reference to the quality of end product.
3.2.1.3. Stock Preparation cum Approach Flow System
The stock preparation cum approach flow system for each layer is to prepare the
stock suitable for making the multilayer sheet. From the storage chest, the
thickened pulp is passed through refiner by which the pulp is fiberized as per
process requirement and stored in chest. The pulp is diluted with recycled machine
back water.
3.2.1.4. Board Machine
The cleaned dilute pulp is fed to the board machine through the head box.
Water drained from the wire part is collected in a silo pit and is continuously
recycled back to dilute the pulp fed into the board machine. A typical block flow
diagram of coated board making is shown in Figure 3.2.
Further dewatering is carried out in press to increase the dryness to about 48%.
The board is finally dried through indirect steam dryers. The dried board is coated
with chemicals, dried and is wound in rolls as the final product. The Multi-layer
board machine is a first-floor machine and will produce around 600 tpd of finished
board.
Figure 3-2 Typical Flow Diagram of Coated Board Making
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Figure 3-3 Typical board machine configuration
3.2.2. Bleached Chemical Wood Pulp Mill
Proposal - Existing chemical wood pulp mill is of older generation and in order to
be in line with current regulations, it is proposed to replace the pulp mill by
relocating and re-installing of ECF pulp mill of capacity 1,60,000 BD tpa from
JKPL, Rayagada unit. It will be re-installed with necessary upgradation. The
existing pulp mill of capacity 60,000 BD tpa will be retired. Hence the total
capacity of Bleached Chemical Wood Pulp Mill during Post MEP will be 1,60,000
BD tpa.
The new Chemical wood pulp mill consists of:
Wood chipping and chip screening
Cooking and screening
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Brown stock washing
Oxygen generation and delignification
Bleaching
New 15 tpd Integrated ClO2 plant
Chemicals preparation plants
The process steps and flow diagram of the pulp mill is presented in the Figure 3.4.
Figure 3-4 Process Flow Diagram of the Pulp Mill
Wood is debarked and chipped in chippers. The wood chips are then taken into
digester(s), where it is cooked. The pulp from rapid displacement heating (RHD)
type digester is screened and then washed in washers. The RDH process has
extended delignification with significant reduction in energy consumption and
lower chemical costs. The process also reduces the steam consumption
significantly. Due to the increase in lignin removal efficiency in RDH process than a
conventional system, the chemical consumption in the bleaching section will also
reduce which in turn reduces the pollution load on ETP.
After washing the pulp is taken for oxygen delignification which is performed with
oxygen (O2) and caustic (NaOH) serving as the active chemicals
Pulp, after oxygen delignification, is led to a post oxygen washer and then bleached
to a brightness level of minimum 88% ISO, by employing “A/D-EOP-DP (chlorine
dioxide, caustic, oxygen and hydrogen peroxide)” sequence comprising of Acid
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treatment for pH adjustment, Chlorine dioxide, Caustic, Oxygen and peroxide
bleaching. The pulp bleaching is elemental chlorine free process and thereby
encounters reduced specific water consumption and also lower pollution load on
the system.
The pulp mill will be having following auxiliary plants;
3.2.2.1. Oxygen generation plant:
The oxygen generation plant is based on Vacuum Swing Adsorption (VPSA) which
operates on two molecular sieves vessels in a cycle. One of the vessels remains for
oxygen production while second vessel remains under vacuum regeneration. The
temperature of the feed air will be around 30°C. The produced oxygen is collected
in a surge storage vessel before feeding to a compressor for pressurizing up to 25
bar and further stored in storage tanks. The gas pressure will be reduced to
around 14 bar in pressure reducing station before using in the process.
3.2.2.2. White liquor oxidation plant:
White liquor from the chemical recovery section is fed into a reaction vessel where
oxygen is supplied through a sparger pipe for oxidation. Steam will be used for
heating purpose through indirect heating coil system. Sodium sulphide in the
white liquor after oxidation is converted to inactive sodium thiosulphate and
sodium hydroxide. Thus, oxidized white liquor is used in digestor.
3.2.2.3. Chlorine dioxide plant:
Chlorine dioxide is produced based on integrated technology with HCL synthesis
using either Cl2 for make up as raw material or a new integrated technology using
sodium chlorate as raw material. After the washing stage, the pulp is bleached by
chlorine dioxide.
Caustic soda, Hydrogen peroxide, Sulphuric acid, etc. preparation systems
3.2.3. Bleached Chemi Thermo Mechanical Pulp (BCTMP)
BCTMP has higher bulk, higher pulp yield, higher opacity but has lower strength.
The brightness of BCTMP pulp required is 70% for board manufacture and the
bulk should be ± 3.0 cm3/g. The BCTMP pulp should be 400 ± 50 ml CSF. The
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yield is expected to be 87% on BD chips. The process steps involved in BCTMP
pulping are: Chip washing system, Impregnation system, HC refining, washing, LC
refining, screening, reject refining and Thickening & storage.
Proposals
New BCTMP plant with auxiliaries as below.
BCTMP plant of 1,00,000 tpa capacity
BCTMP waste liquor evaporation plant (Existing will be used if feasible or
a new evaporator plant will be installed)
White liquor oxidation plant
Augmentation of wood handling and chipping plant
New chip washing plant
BCTMP has higher bulk which is suitable for board manufacture.
Along with the new BCTMP plant, a new white liquor oxidation plant will be
installed. The waste liquor from BCTMP needs to be evaporated before sending to
the Chemical Recovery plant. Existing evaporation plant will be used with
necessary modifications.
The new chipper house and utility area will be suitably designed to cater to the
requirement of BCTMP plant.
The process steps involved in BCTMP pulping are as follows:
Chipper - Raw material wood is chipped to desired dimensions
Chip Washing - Chips are washed to remove sand particles and foreign
materials
Impregnation - Cleaned chips are steam heated to remove the air from the
chips and chemicals are added. These chemicals are absorbed by chips.
Refining- The impregnated chips passed through refiners to convert into
chips to the pulp.
Bleaching - The refined pulp is treated with bleach chemicals to raise its
brightness
Washing - Bleached pulp is washed to remove the residual/spent
liquor/chemical
Refining – The pulp is refined in low consistency refiners to improve the
quality of pulp
Screening - The bleached pulp is cleaned so as to be suitable for the end
product
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Thickening and Storage - The washed pulp is thickened and stored in the
towers
Figure 3-5 Process Flow Diagram of BCTMP Pulp Mill
3.2.4. Chemical recovery Island
Proposals
Replacing existing Recovery Boiler with a New Recovery to fire black liquor
solids at 75% concentration, to generate steam at 62 kg/cm2(g). The boiler
will be able to process 950 TPD of black liquor solids. The steam thus
generated will be used for power generation.
Relocating and reinstallation of existing evaporation plant from JKPL
Rayagada unit to JKPL Unit CPM of capacity 120 tph water evaporation with
capacity upgradation to 300 tpd and increasing output concentration from
65% to 75%.
Relocating, reinstallation and modernization of existing Recausticizing plant
from JKPL Rayagada unit to JKPL Unit CPM.
In addition to the existing lime kiln of capacity 90 tpd, a Lime Kiln of
capacity 230 tpd of lime will be relocated and reinstalled from JKPM
Rayagada unit with necessary upgradation.
Existing evaporator plant of capacity 70 tpd will be utilized for handling
waste liquor from BCTMP
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Installation of a new Producer Gas Plant (PGP) of capacity in 7000 Nm3/hr
to substitute high cost furnace oil in lime kiln.
Necessary provisions will be provided to collect and fire the Non-
Condensable Gases (NCG) generated from digester, evaporator areas
Chemical recovery plant is to recover the cooking chemicals and to generate
the energy need in the process from the biomass (black liquor) in a very
efficient way.
Chemical recovery cycle consists of four major process steps which are closely
related together.
Evaporator -Evaporation of water in Black liquor to concentrate to 75% for
efficiently firing in Recovery boiler
Recovery boiler - New 950 tpd BL solids firing Recovery Boiler with ESP
Multilevel combustion air system to minimize Total Reduced
Sulphur (TRS) and NOX emissions with ESP designed for a
particulate emission of 50 mg/Nm3. The existing recovery boiler
will be retired.
Figure 3-6 Typical Flow Sheet of Chemical Recovery Island
Recausticiser plant - New causticising plant with CD filter for WL clarification and
LM filtration. Some existing equipment in CPM unit will also
be used as required.
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Lime kiln - Energy efficient and environment friendly limekiln to burn
Lime mud from Causticizing and recover and recycle Lime back
for Caustizing.
NCG System - Non-Condensable Gases (NCG) generated from cooking and
washing plants, evaporators, stripper, tank vents etc will be
separately collected by an NCG collecting system and fired in
lime kiln or recovery boiler.
3.2.5. Captive Power Plant
The existing CPP consist of four boilers with a total capacity of 170 tph and two
Turbo Generators of total capacity 30.25 MW.
Proposals
The new captive power plant consists of
Installation of a new 150 tph FBC boiler (110 bar, 540oC) and 90 tph boiler
(standby) along with a 30 MW Turbo Generator Set.
Existing two Power Boilers (CFB#1-20 tph and CFB#2-30 tph) will be retired.
Existing two TGs (TG#1-3.125 MW and TG#2- 3.125 MW) will be retired.
Installation of new Turbo Generator of capacity18 MW which will be
connected to Recovery Boiler.
Auxiliaries - Coal handling plant to new boiler, ash handling plant,
augmentation of boiler water treatment plant, etc.
Steam from recovery boiler and power boilers will be synchronized and used for
power generation and main plant applications. LP and MP steam will be used in
main plant for processing. About 70 to 75%of entire condensate will be recovered
and reused as boiler feed. A dedicated closed-circuit Cooling Tower will be installed
with a minimum 5 to 6 Cycle of Concentration (COC) for water conservation
purpose.
3.2.6. Water Intake and Treatment
The fresh water requirement after MEP will be around 37,000 m³/day. The existing
facilities can handle 35,000 m3/day of water and hence will be upgraded to mill’s
requirement after MEP.
Proposals
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Water intake and water treatment plant will be upgraded to meet requirement,
after MEP, with following additional facilities.
Intake water pump
Water clarifier
Water reservoir
3.2.7. Wastewater Treatment
The wastewater generation at the existing facility is about 17,500 m3/day. The
capacity of the ETP at existing facility is about 30,000 m3/day. In order to treat the
total wastewater generation of about 30,000 m3/day during Post MEP, the existing
ETP will be upgraded with addition of required new pollution abatement equipment
and processes to meet the discharge norms as prescribed by CPCB/GPCB.
Currently, the treated wastewater generated from the existing mill is utilized for
land irrigation to a maximum possible extent. All efforts will be made to utilize the
additional wastewater generated from the expansion project for irrigation in the
nearby areas during the post project scenario. The existing treated effluent supply
pipe network will be augmented to meet the additional hydraulic volumes.
Considering the challenges in utilizing 100% of the treated wastewater quantity for
irrigation due to variations in the cropping pattern, JKPM requests MoEF&CC to
grant permission to discharge treated wastewater into GodaNala during off crop
seasons and monsoon.
3.2.8. Infrastructure
The site is already well developed with necessary infrastructure and any additions
like storages, roads, drains, firefighting, weigh bridges, material handling etc. will
be added.
3.2.9. Plant capacities
The existing and post MEP mill capacities are presented in the Table 3.1.
Table 3-1 Existing and Post MEP Mill Capacities
S.No Description Unit Existing Post MEP
Incremental
Proposal
1 Paper/Board Machines section
1.1 PM#1&2 (PWP) tpa 60,000 60,000 - Existing will continue
1.2 PM#3 (Board) tpa 100,800 100,800 - Existing will continue
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S.No Description Unit Existing Post MEP
Incremental
Proposal
1.3 PM#4 (New Board)
tpa - 200,000 200,000 New Unit
1.4 Total Paper/board Production
tpa 160,800 360,800 200,000 -
tpd 480 1,080 600 -
1.5 Deinking Plant BD tpd - 150 150 New or Existing SFT will be converted to DIP
1.6 Secondary Fibre Treatment (SFT) Plant
BD tpd 200 600 400 Existing will be used with New 400 tpd SFT plant
2 Pulp Mill
2.1
Bleached
Chemical Wood Pulp mill
BD tpa 60,000 160,000 100,000
Relocating and Reinstallation
from JKPL unit, Rayagada, Orissa, with Upgradation. The existing pulp mill of capacity 60,000 BD tpa will be retired.
BD tpd 175 460 285
2.2 BCTMP mill AD tpa 100,000 100,000 New Unit
AD tpd 300 300
2.3 ClO2 plant tpd 2 15 15
Existing Nonintegrated ClO2plant will be retired and New integrated ClO2 plant will be installed.
2.4 Oxygen Generation Plant
Nm3/hr 200 500 500
Installation of new O2generation plant of capacity 500 Nm3/hr. The existing O2 generation plant will be retired.
2.5 Pulp Wet lapping machine
tpd 150 150 New wet lap machine
3 Recovery plant
3.1 Evaporator
tph of water
evaporation
70 300 230
Existing Evaporator will be used for BCTMP waste liquor evaporation along with Reinstalled evaporator with upgradation
3.2 Recovery boiler
tpd of black liquor solids
335 950 950
Existing recovery boilerwill be retired and a new Recovery boiler will be installed
3.3 Lime kiln tpd of lime
90 230 140
Existing will be used alongwith re-installed lime kiln from JKPM or JKPM lime kiln will be re-installed with upgradation.
3.4 Recausticising plant
Whilte liquor
cum/day 1,000 3,000 2000
Existing plant will be upgraded with additional equipment.
4 Power Plant
4.1 Power Boilers tph of steam
170 360 190
CFB#1-20 (To be Retired) CFB#2 - 30 (To be Retired) CFB#3-50 (Operating), CFB#4 - 70 (Operating) New CFB#5 - 150 tph (Operating) New CFB#6 - 90 tph (Standby)
4.2 Turbo MW 30.25 72.00 41.75 TG#1 - 3.125 (To be Retired),
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S.No Description Unit Existing Post MEP
Incremental
Proposal
Generators TG#2 - 3.125 (To be Retired) TG#3 - 12 (Operating), TG#4 - 12 (Operating) New TG#5 - 30 MW and New TG#6 18 MW will be installed
5 Others
5.1 PG Plant Nm³/hr 3000 10000 7000 New 7000 Nm³/h will be installed
5.2
Precipitated Calcium Carbonate (PCC) Plant (CaCO3)
tpm 1200 1200 -
Existing capacity is adequate. No change
5.3 Silicate Nano Fibers (CaSiO3)
tpm 1500 1500 - Existing capacity is adequate. No change
5.4 GCC plant tpd -- 100 100 New 100 tpd GCC plant will be installed
6 Water and Wastewater
6.1 Water Intake and Treatment Plant
m³/day 35,000 45,000 10000 Intake pump station and WTP will be upgraded.
6.2 Waste Water Treatment
m³/day
30,000
45,000
15000
The existing ETP will be upgraded up to tertiary level to meet the additional hydraulic volumes during the post project scenario
3.3. Input Requirements
The major inputs for the production of the pulp and paper/board are
Wood/bamboo for chemical wood pulp and BCTMP
Wastepaper for SFT and DIP
Imported pulps as supplementary fibre
Chemicals for pulping, recovery and paper/board
Steam
Power
Water
Major inputs requirement for MEP and Post-MEP during the operation will be as
below.
3.3.1. Raw Material Requirement
The raw material required for the proposed MEP are presented in the Table 3.2.
Table 3-2 Raw Materials Requirement
S.No Raw material Unit Existing Post MEP Incremental Source
1 Wood/Bamboo Tpa 163,000 515,000 352,000 Local
Wood –Plantations Tpa 130,000 450,000 320,000 Local
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S.No Raw material Unit Existing Post MEP Incremental Source
Wood - Market Tpa - 50,000 50,000 Local
Bamboo - Forest area
Tpa 33,000 15,000 (18,000) Local
2 Waste Paper AD tpa
- 82,000 82,000 Local
3 Hard Wood Pulp (HWP)
Tpa 26,000 - (26,000) Captive
after MEP
4 Soft Wood Pulp (SWP)
Tpa 1,900 9,900 8,000 Import
5 Bleached Chemi Thermo Mechanical Pulp (BCTMP)
Tpa 58,700 - (58,700) Captive
after MEP
Sourcing of Wood:
JKPL, Unit has implemented social and farm forestry plantations of Eucalyptus,
Subabul and Casuarinawithin 350 Km radius of the mill covering different parts of
Gujarat, Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh in about 1,35,000 acres of land.
Gujarat state forest department is also promoting social & farm forestry
plantations. They are also providing financial assistance for the farmers for their
agro forestry plantations in their regime. In line with the same, JKPL unit CPM has
distributed about 2556 lakhs of saplings to the nearby farmers from the year 2002
to 2018. The unit has already developed year wise for contract farming plantation
program up to year 2028 covering 314000 acres of land to implement agro forestry
and farm forestry in order to meet the wood demand in the future.
In addition, JKPL unit CPM has developed an action plan for enhancing captive
plantation by planting saplings within the facility.
3.3.2. Chemicals Requirement
The MEP proposals in the pulp mill are more focused on eliminating elemental
chlorine in bleaching, conservation of energy, water and reduction in specific
chemical consumption in bleaching.
The major process chemicals required to be used and procured for the production
is given in the Table 3.3. The materials will be transported by trucks.
Table 3-3 Chemicals Requirement
Sl. No
Chemical Unit Existing Post MEP
Incremental/ Reduction
Source
1 Pulping
1.1 Caustic tpa 2,100 7,500 5,400 Local
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Sl. No
Chemical Unit Existing Post MEP
Incremental/ Reduction
Source
1.2 Hydrogen Peroxide
tpa 1,500 5,400 3,900 Local
1.3 Chlorine for bleaching
tpa 2,700 - (2,700)
No chlorine required for bleaching as new pulp mill will be with Elemental Chlorine Free (ECF) bleaching
1.4 Chelating agent tpa - 300 300
1.5
Diethylene Triamine Penta acetic Acid (DTPA)
tpa - 300 300
1.6 Sulphuric Acid tpa 600 1,930 1,330 Local
1.7 Chlorine dioxide tpa 500 3,500 3,000 In-house
1.8 Oxygen
tpa 2,200 4,500 2,300 Purchase and captive generation.
2 Chlorine dioxide chemicals
2.1 Caustic tpa - 105 105 Local
2.2 Chlorine gas (for make-up)
tpa - 2,600 2,600 Local
2.3 Sodium chlorate tpa 900 - (900) -
2.4 Hydrogen Peroxide
tpa 300 - (300) -
2.5 Sulfuric acid tpa 1,400 - (1,400) -
3 Recovery chemicals
3.1 Caustic as
make-up tpa 400 800 400 Local
3.2 Salt cake (Na2SO4) as make-up
tpa 2,800 5,300 2,500 Local
3.3 Lime stone make-up for lime kiln
tpa 2,100 11,000 8,900 Local
3.4
Purchased lime for recausticizing
tpa 13,000 - (13,000)
After project total lime will be produced from lime mud in the inhouse lime kilns.
4 Paper/Board chemicals
4.1
Stock preparation chemicals (Alum, PAC, Rosin)
tpa 6,000 13,000 7,000 Local
4.2
Filler, Sizing, Coating Chemicals (PCC, GCC, Starch)
tpa 9,000 20,000 11,000 PCC and GCC captive and others local
Note: Values in parenthesis indicates reduction quantities during post MEP.
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3.3.3. Steam and Power Requirement
The steam and power requirement for the existing and proposed MEP is given in
Table 3.4.
Table 3-4 Steam and Power requirement
Parameter Units Existing scenario
Post MEP
Remarks
Power boiler installed capacities
tph 170 360
New CFB#5 - 150 tph (Operating) and New CFB#6-90 tph (Standby) The existing boilers (CFB#1 20 tph and CFB#30 tph) will be retired
Recovery boiler capacity
tph 35 120 New Recovery boiler of capacity of 950 tpd of BL solids
Total installed steam generation capacity
tph 205 480 -
Total steam demand tph 145 360
Additional steam requirement for power generation and process steam requirement for pulp mill and board machine
Specific steam demand
t/t 7.4 8.2
Specific steam consumption increases due to higher condensation to generate power for BCTMP
Specific coal consumption
t/t of paper
1.5 1.4
Higher efficiency new power boiler, due to high pressure new recovery boiler and new power boiler more power generated per tonne of steam through co-generation.
Total TG capacity MW 30.25 72
New TG#5 - 30 MW and New TG#6 18 MW will be installed. Existing two TGs (TG#1-3.125 MW and TG#2- 3.125 MW) will be retired
Actual electrical energy needed
MW 21 60 -
Specific electrical energy
kWh/t 1060 1330 Higher specific consumption due to high power consuming BCTMP
3.3.4. Fuel Requirement
Black liquor (generated in-house), indigenous, imported coal, lignite, furnace oil
and pet coke are the fuels. Furnace oil with producer gas or with pet coke will be
used in lime mud reburning kiln and furnace oil will be used in start-up and
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stabilising the operations of chemical recovery boiler. Necessary permission will be
obtained for the usage of pet coke during MEP. Pet coke when burnt in lime kiln,
the sulphur in pet coke will be absorbed andreacts with calcium of lime mud.
Hence SO2 emissions from the stack will be minimal. Coal/lignite is used for power
and steam generation. Additional fuel oil and coal/lignite requirements are given in
the following Table 3.5.
Table 3-5 Fuel Requirement
S.No Fuel Unit Existing Post MEP Incremental Source
1
Indian local (Linkage and Open Market)
Tpa 70,000 200,000 130,000
Existing coal linkage of 73,804tpa with Western Coalfield is available. Additional coal linkage shall be obtained locally/open market.
2 Imported coal
Tpa 100,000 200,000 100,000 Coal is imported from Indonesia through open market.
3 Lignite Tpa 70,000 100,000 30,000
Additional lignite linkage shall be obtained locally from Rajpardhi mines as per the existing procurement.
4
Furnace oil for lime kiln and recovery boiler
Kl 170 3,200 3,030 Local Market
5
Pet coke
for lime kiln
tpa - 9,600 9,600 Local Market
3.3.5. Water Requirement
In the current operations, JKPL, Unit CPM could bring down the fresh water
consumption for the plant to a level of 20,500 m3/day equivalent to around 40
m3/t of paper/board. As part of MEP some more proposals are being planned to
reduce further the fresh water requirement for the plant and to be well within the
stipulated norms during the post project scenario.
Mill has permission to draw 5 MGD (22,730 m3/day) of water from Ukai Left Bank
Main Canal. During the post MEP scenario, the total fresh water requirement will
be increased to 8.15 MGD (37,000 m3/day) whereas the specific water
consumption will reduce to 32m3/t of Product. Necessary In principle Permission
has been obtained for additional quantity from Narmada Water Resource Water
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Supply and Kalpsar Department and the same is attached as Annexure 8 (b). The
water balance for the proposed MEP is presented in the Table 3.6.
Table 3-6 Water Balance for the Proposed MEP
SL.No
Description Fresh Water
make-up (m3/day)
Evaporation (m3/day)
Wastewater to ETP (m3/day)
1
Existing Board machine and paper machine
9,600 600 9000
2 New Board machine 6,000 700 5,300
3 Chemical Pulp Mill 12,000 1200 10,800
4 BCTMP 2,000 2000 No wastewater from BCTMP
5 Chemical Recovery Plant 2,000 500 2,500
6 Power Plant 3,000 900 2,100
7 Others 400 100 300
Total for Plant 35,000 5900 30,000
8 Domestic 2,000 Sewage to Proposed STP
Total water requirement
37,000
3.3.6. Wastewater Generation, Treatment and Utilization of Treated
Wastewater
The wastewater from the mill, post MEP will be divided mainly into two separate
streams. One stream from pulp mill and recovery section and the other stream
from existing paper/board machines, new board machine, power plant and other
utilities. Total wastewater generation from the plant, post MEP will be about
30,000 m³/day.
The wastewater treatment and discharge quantities during Post MEP is presented
in the Table 3.7.
Table 3-7 Wastewater Treatment and Discharge after MEP
S.No. Category Wastewater Generation
(in m³/day)
1 Wastewater to ETP 30,000
2 ETP sludge loss 200
3 Treated wastewater from ETP 29,800
4 Treated wastewater Recycle to Process 2,000
5 Treated wastewater discharged for Land Irrigation 27,800
3.3.7. Solid waste Generation and Disposal
The expected increase in the solid and hazardous waste due to proposed MEP and
the respective proposed disposal practices are presented in the Table 3.8.
Table 3-8 Solid and Hazardous Waste Generation and Disposal
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Sl No Particulars Existing Quantity (BD TPD)
Additional Quantity (BD TPD)
Post MEP Quantity (BD TPD)
Disposal
1 Bamboo/Wood
Dust 20 40 60
Considering the carbon content, the wood dust will be used as alternative fuel in Boiler as per existing practice
2 Fly Ash 120 300 420
Will be used for Cement/Brick manufacturing as per existing practice
3 Lime Sludge/Grit 60 - 40
Due to the installation of new lime kiln along with existing one and operating lime kiln with full capacity, only lime grit will be generated which will be used as backfilling material at abandoned stone quarry as per existing practice
4 ETP Sludge 16 40 55 Will be sold to board manufacturers as per existing practice.
6 Spent Oil 725
kg/Month 1000
kg/Month 1725
kg/Month
Will be disposed to authorized recyclers as per existing practice
3.4. Land Use Planning
Since the available free space in the mill will be used for project facilities, no
additional land is required. The mill has total land area of 363 acres (Plant area
201acres and Colony area 162 acres). For MEP project, around 70 acres will be
utilised from existing plant area. The land use break-up Post Project is given in the
Table 3.9.
Table 3-9 Land Use Break up during Post MEP
S.No Category Post MEP
A Plant area
A.1 Plant & Building 40
A.2 Materials storage 60
A.3 Roads/Drains 9
A.4 Vacant area (for future development) 26
A.5 Green belt/ green cover within mill area 66
Total Plant area 201
B Colony area
B.1 Built up area 54
B.2 Vacant area 43
B.3 Green belt/Green cover 65
Total Colony area 162
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S.No Category Post MEP
Total (A+B+C) 363
Overall mill layout also indicating the usage of project facilities is enclosed as
Annexure 13.
Figure 3-7 Views of areas earmarked for Project facilities
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3.5. Project Schedule and Project Cost
3.5.1. Project Schedule
The proposed Mill Modernization and Expansion Plan will be implemented twenty-
seven (27) months from the date of receipt of necessary permits and clearances
from various statutory agencies.
3.5.2. Project Cost
Total investment for the installation of project is Rs 1500 crores as per broad
break up given in the Table 3.10.
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Table 3-10 Project Cost Break Up
Sl. No Description Cost in Crore
1 Civil Works 250
2 Plant & Machinery Cost (including Erection and Engineering)
1050
3 Other Capitalisation Cost (pre-operative expense, escalation and contingency, startup expenses and interest during construction)
200
Total 1500
3.6. Socioeconomic Benefits
Some of the socio-economic benefits are presented below.
3.6.1. Improvement in the Infrastructure
This being a mill modernization project, most of the infrastructure like water intake
system, power in take system, roads, drains, hospitals schools, etc are already
available in the vicinity of the plant location. However, the above infrastructure /
amenities / facilities available near the plant will be assessed based on need based
survey and will be taken up under CSR scheme for development.
3.6.2. Employment
The project will create direct employment to about 300 persons. In addition, it
would generate indirect employment to about 1000 persons in the industries and
service organizations and material handling, etc., which will be supported by the
operations of the mill.
During the implementation and construction stage of the project, it will generate
employment to about 1000 in direct persons for about a year.
3.6.3. Development of Ancillary Industries
The implementation of the project will undoubtedly provide stimulation for added
growth to a number of other industries some of which are given below;
Trucking industry, which will load and haul raw materials, coal, and other
supplies to the mill and also mill outputs. The haulage requirement due to
project would be around 0.8 million tonnes per annum comprising both
inputs and outputs.
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Establishment of ancillary industries such as core for paper reels, core
plugs, machining and welding units, etc.
Indigenous machinery suppliers / manufacturers.
Construction industry during erection and construction period of Ancillary
Business
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4. BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS
4.1 Introduction
This chapter illustrates the description of the existing environmental status of the
study area with reference to the prominent environmental attributes. The study
area covers 10 km radius around the boundaries of the project site. Baseline
studies are conducted to document the pre-project environmental conditions
required for quantifying the impacts due to the proposed project efficiently. The
baseline data is desirable to capture seasonal effects of many environmental
phenomena with reference to air, water, noise and soil qualities.
4.2 Study Area
The project site (existing mill) is located at Village Gunsada, Bhimpura,
Singalkhanch, Fort Songadh Taluk, Tapi District in the State of Gujarat. The mill
site lies within the coordinates of latitude 21°12’N and longitude 73°34'E and falls
under the Survey of India Topography Map No. 46G/7, 46G/8, 46G/11 and
46G/12. The study area of 10 km radius from the existing Mill site was defined for
primary data collection as per the ToR approved by Ministry of Environment, Forest
and Climate Change.
The site is well connected to State Highway SH-174 which lies adjacent to the
project site. The nearest railway station is Ukai Songadh railway station at an
aerial distance of 6.3 km in the south and the nearest airport to the project site is
Surat airport which is located at an aerial distance of 86 km towards West direction
from the project site. The google earth image of the project site showing the State
Highway adjacent to the project site is presented in Figure 4.1 and the topo map of
the study areais presented in Figure 4.2.
Figure 4-1Project Site Showing Nearest State Highway
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Figure 4-2Topo Map (10 Km radius) of the Study area
4.3 Scope and Methodology of Baseline Study
To assess the environmental impacts due to proposed expansion project, it is
required to conduct a comprehensive and scientific study on various environmental
aspects and their interaction with natural resources namely climate, hydro-
geological aspects, atmospheric conditions, water quality, soil quality, ecology, land
SH 174
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use and socio-economic profile of the people. Hence the assessment of baseline
environmental setting is an essential component of the EIA study.
As a part of EIA, the primary baseline data monitoring has been conducted for
three (3) months i.e., from 24th September 2018 to 23rd December 2018 and the
data has been generated by MoEF&CC approved & NABL accredited Environmental
Testing Laboratory M/s. Vardan Enviro laboratory, Gurgaon. This baseline
studies include Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (AAQM), Soil Quality analysis,
Water Quality analysis (Ground and Surface water), and noise monitoring within 10
km radius of the Plant site as per the Terms of Reference (ToR) issued by the
MoEF&CC. The secondary data was collected from respective Government and
other authenticated sources. Also, the field surveys were conducted for primary
data generation on various aspects. The results obtained from primary baseline
data were co-related with the respective secondary data in order to analyze the
environmental conditions of the project site.
Table 4.1 gives various environmental attributes considered for formulating
environmental baseline and Table 4.2 gives the frequency and monitoring
methodology for various environmental attributes
Table 4-1 Various Environmental Attributes
S.No. Attribute Parameter Source of Data
1 Land Use Trend of land use change for different categories
Topo sheet and Satellite imagery and ground truth verification
2 Ambient Air Quality
As per NAAQs standard parameter for pulp and paper industry i.e, Particulate Matter (PM10 and PM2.5), Sulfur dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Ammonia (NH3), Ozone (O3), are monitored
Ambient air quality monitoring at eight (8) locations
3 Water Quality
Physical, Chemical and Biological parameters
Water samples were collected at surface water location (1 upstream, 2 downstream), ETP outlet and eight (8) ground water locations during this study period
4 Noise levels Noise levels in dB(A) Noise level monitoring at six (6) locations
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S.No. Attribute Parameter Source of Data
5 Ecology
Study of Existing terrestrial flora and fauna within the 10 km radius of project influence area through Quadrate and Line transact method for trees, shrubs and herbs, Point count method for birds, Belt transect method for road side trees and butterflies. Reconnaissance survey (Near Agricultural, Human habitations and Road side), identification of ecologically sensitive receptors based on literature survey and field investigations
Secondary sources and Field studies and Reconnaissance survey
6 Geology Geological history Secondary sources
7 Hydrogeology Hydrogeological features of the study area
Secondary sources Field studies and Reconnaissance survey
8 Soil
Soil types and samples analyzed for physical and chemical parameters.
Data collected from secondary sources and soil sample analysis at eight locations
9 Socio-economic aspects
Primary Survey was undertaken at the designated villages to establish the existing socioeconomic status of the study area. Socioeconomic indicators such as demography, literacy, health and livelihood, amenities and cultural aspects were studied, Secondary Published data on population and amenities obtained from Directorate of Census Operations, GOI characteristics were collected
Based on field survey and data collected from secondary sources
Table 4-2 Frequency and Monitoring Methodology
Attributes Sampling
Measurement Method Remarks Network Frequency
A. Air Environment
Particulate Matter (PM10)
Total 8 locations to represent both upwind, down wind and background
24 hourly, two days in a week and 12 weeks in a month
Gravimetric (High- Volume with Cyclone)
As per CPCB Standards under November
Particulate Matter (PM2.5)
Gravimetric (High- Volume with PM10 Impactor)
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Attributes Sampling
Measurement Method Remarks Network Frequency
Oxides of Sulphur (SO2)
concentrations as per the CPCB guidelines.
EPA Modified West & Gaeke method
18th 2009 Notification for NAAQS Oxides of
Nitrogen (NOx) Arsenite Modified Jacob & Hochheiser
B. Noise
Hourly equivalent noise levels
Requisite locations in the project influence area
Once
Instrument: Noise level meter
IS: 4954-1968
C. Water
Water Quality Set of grab samples at
requisite locations for ground and surface water
Once
Samples for water quality collected and
analyzed as per IS: 2488 (Part 1-5) methods for sampling and testing of Industrial effluents Standard methods for examination of water and wastewater analysis published by American Public Health Association.
D. Land Environment
Parameter for soil quality: pH, texture, electrical
conductivity, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphate, sodium, calcium, potassium and Magnesium.
Requisite soil samples be collected as per BIS specification
within project influence area
Once
Collected and analyzed as per soil analysis reference book, M.L. Jackson
4.4 Administrative Setup of the study Area district
Tapi district lies between latitude 20°30‟ - 21°35‟N and longitude 73°05‟ - 74°20‟
E and has a total geographical area of 3238.83 sq. km. The district is situated in
the southern part of the state. It is bounded by the Surat district on the west,
Narmada in the north, the Navsari district in the south, The Dang district in the
south-east, and Maharashtra state in the east.
The district comprises of 5 Talukas, i.e., Nizar, Songadh, Uchhal, Valod and Vyara.
The administrative divisions of the district have been reconstituted recently by
bifurcating Surat district into two districts namely Surat and Tapi. The district Tapi
has headquarter at Vyara and has fairly good network of roads and all the taluka
headquarters are connected with all-weather roads.
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Location and Administrative Map of the Tapi district as shown in Figure 4.3.
Figure 4-3Administrative Map of the Tapi district
Source: Groundwater brochureTapi district, Gujarat, Central ground water board, West central region Ahmedabad
4.5 Land Environment
4.5.1 Physiography and Drainage
4.5.1.1 Physiography of the Region
Geographically, the district belongs to the western coastlands of the Deccan
peninsula. The district has five zones, viz., hilly areas, piedmont slopes, alluvial
plains and coastal plains. The northern, north-eastern parts of the district fall in
this category. Here the general elevation is more than 100m amsl. The topography
is rugged with low to moderate high hills and steep hill slopes. These parts are
poorly populated and are infested by dense jungle of teak and bamboo. The highest
elevation of the district is 569.0m amsl.
4.5.1.2 Physiography of the study area
The Study area exhibits undulating terrain. In the south eastern part of the study
area (10 km Radius) at a distance of 9 km is relatively elevated topography. There
Existing Mill Site
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are number of reserved forests with in 10 km radius. The minimum and maximum
elevation of the study area (10 km radius) is 42 and 312 m amsl (above mean sea
level) respectively. The Project site is located about 87-92 m amsl (above mean sea
level). The Physiographic map of the study area is presented in Figure 4.4
Figure 4-4 Physiographic map of the Study Area
4.5.1.3 Drainage of the region
The Tapi is the major river which passes through the central parts of the district
and flows towards the west. The river is perennial in nature. It originates in
Madhya Pradesh near Betul and has about 62225 sq. Km. of catchment area2. The
average width of the river in the upstream of Kathor bridge is about 500m.
Downstream of the bridge the average width increases to 700m.
Ukai dam, constructed in 1965, is situated about 25km upstream of Kakarapar
weir. Other prominent rivers draining the district are Kim, Ver, Mindola, Jhankhari
and Purna. The Ver flows from north-east to south-west and flows parallel to Tapi
and then it flows towards west. All other rivers are situated toward south of Tapi
and flow towards west, parallel to Tapi. Tapi river basin is given in Figure 4.5.
2“Ground Water Brochure, Tapi District, Gujarat”, Government of India, Ministry of Water Resources, Central Ground Water Board, West Central Region, Ahmedabad, 2014
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Figure 4-5 Major river Basin of Tapi District
Source: Water resources information system of India, Government of India
4.5.1.4 Drainage of Study Area
The Tapi is the major river which passes through the central parts of the district and flows
towards the west. The river is perennial in nature. It originates in Madhya Pradesh near
Betul and has about 62225 sq. Km. of catchment area. The average width of the river in the
upstream of Kathor bridge is about 500m. Downstream of the bridge the average width
increases to 700m. Pickup weir was constructed on the Tapi river in 1954 at Kakarapar
about 56km west of Surat. Ukai dam, constructed in 1965, is situated about 25km
upstream of Kakarapar weir. Other prominent rivers draining the district are Kim, Ver,
Mindola, Jhankhari and Purna. The Ver flows from north-east to south-west and flows
parallel to Tapi and then it flows towards west. All other rivers are situated toward south of
Tapi and flow towards west, parallel to Tapi.
The major river in the study area is Tapi River which flows in the northern of the project
boundary. An irrigation reservoir is located in the eastern side of the project site at a
distance of 2 Km. There are numerous minor water bodies present in the study area. Also
canals were noticed in the study area.
Figure 4-6 Drainage Map of the Study Area
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4.5.2 Land Use pattern Based on remote sensing data
Land Use refers to man's activity and the various uses, which are carried on land.
Land Cover refers to natural vegetation, water bodies, rock/soil, artificial cover and
others, resulting due to land transformation.
In order to demarcate different land use classes of the study area, the remote
sensing data such as satellite imagery and GIS techniques were used. The land use
/ land cover maps developed using these techniques will be utilized for assessing
the aerial extent of the different classes and interpreting the land use pattern for
the study area.
Satellite remote sensing is used for determining different types of land use classes
as it provides a means of assessing a large area with limited time and resources.
However, satellite images do not record land cover details directly and they are
measured based on the solar energy reflected from each area on the land. The
amount of multi spectral energy in multi wavelengths depends on the type of
material at the earth’s surface and the objective is to associate particular land
cover with each of these reflected energies, which is achieved using either visual or
digital interpretation. The present study envisages different LULC around the
proposed project area.
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The district lies in the southern Gujarat and has forest area spread over 96760.32
Ha. The density of the forest cover of Vyara division ranges from 0.4 to 0.8. The
available Non-Agricultural Land is 485.23 Sq. Km which is about 13% of the total
area whereas the cultivable barren land is around 456.59 Sq. Km.
4.5.2.1 Satellite Data
IRS Resourcesat-2 LISS-III multispectral satellite data of 04th March 2018 was
utilized for the present study. The rectification of imagery was carried out on to
bring the digital data on the earth coordinate system by means of ground control
point (GCP) assignments/SOI toposheets. The details of the satellite data are
presented in the Table 4.3.
Table 4-3 Details of the Satellite Data
Name of Satellite
Year Sensor Scale Date of Pass
IRS-P6 2018 LISS III 1:50000 4-March-2018
Scale of Mapping- Considering the user defined scale of mapping, 1:50000 IRS-P6,
LISS-III data on 1:50000. Scale was used for Land use / Land cover mapping of 10
km radius for proposed site. The description of the land use categories for 10 km
radius and the statistics are given for 10 km radius. IRS P6 Satellite Imagery of the
10 km radius from the project site is given in Figure 4.7.
4.5.2.2 Land Use/Land cover classification system
The LULC Classification has been done at three levels where level -1 being the
broad classification about the land covers that is Built-up land, agriculture land,
waste land, wet lands, and water bodies. These are followed by level –II where built-
up land is divided into towns/cities as well villages. The Agriculture land is divided
into different classes such as cropland, Fallow, Plantation, while wastelands are
broadly divided into, Land with scrub and without Scrub and Mining and Industrial
wasteland. The wetlands are classified into inland wetlands, coastal wetlands and
islands. The water bodies are classified further into River/stream, Canal, Tanks
and bay. In the present study level II classification has been undertaken. The
Satellite imagery of 10 km radius from the project site is presented in Figure 4.7.
The procedure adopted for land use mapping is shown in the flowchart (Figure
4.8). The present land use / land cover maps were prepared, based on the
classification system of national standards.
Figure 4-7 Satellite Imagery of 10 km radius from Project Site
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Figure 4-8Flow Chart showing Methodology of Land Use Mapping
SOI Topographical
Maps IRS-P6, LISS-II FCC Imagery Collateral Data
Landform
Initial Rapid
Reconnaissance
Interpretation
Keys Visual Interpretation
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4.5.2.3 Interpretation Technique
Standard on screen visual interpretation procedure was followed. The various Land
use / Land cover classes interpreted along with the SOI topographical maps during
the initial rapid reconnaissance of the study area. The physiognomic expressions
conceived by image elements of color, tone, texture, size, shape, pattern, shadow,
location and associated features are used to interpret the FCC imagery. Image
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interpretation keys were developed for each of the LU/LC classes in terms of image
elements.
March 2018 FCC imagery (Digital data) of the study area was interpreted for the
relevant land use classes. On screen visual interpretation coupled with supervised
image classification techniques are used to prepare the land use classification.
1. Digitisation of the study area (10 km radius from the proposed site) from the
topo maps
2. In the present study the IRS –P6 satellite image have been procured and
interpreted using the ERDAS imaging and ARC-GIS soft ware adopting the
necessary interpretation techniques.
3. Satellite data interpretation and vectorisation of the resulting units
4. Adopting the available guidelines from manual of LULC mapping using Satellite
imagery (NRSA, 1989)
5. Field checking and ground truth validation
6. Composition of final LULC map
The LULC Classification has been done at three levels where level -1 being the
broad classification about the land covers that is Built-up land, agriculture land,
waste land, wet lands, and water bodies. These are followed by level –II where built-
up land is divided into towns/cities as well villages. The Agriculture land is divided
into different classes such as cropland, Fallow, Plantation, while wastelands are
broadly divided into, Land with scrub and without Scrub and Mining and Industrial
wasteland. The wetlands are classified into inland wetlands, coastal wetlands and
islands. The water bodies are classified further into River/stream, Canal, Tanks
and bay. In the present study level II classification has been undertaken.
4.5.2.4 Field Verification
Field verification involved collection, verification and record of the different surface
features that create specific spectral signatures / image expressions on FCC. In the
study area, doubtful areas identified in course of interpretation of imagery is
systematically listed and transferred on to the corresponding SOI topographical
maps for ground verification. In addition to these, traverse routes were planned
with reference to SOI topographical maps to verify interpreted LU/LC classes in
such a manner that all the different classes are covered by at least 5 sampling
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areas, evenly distributed in the area. Ground truth details involving LU/LC classes
and other ancillary information about crop growth stage, exposed soils, landform,
nature and type of land degradation are recorded and the different land use classes
are taken. The level I and level II land use/land cover map of 10 km radius from
the project site is presented in Figure 4.9.
Figure 4-9 Land Use Classification of 10 km radius from the Project Site
4.5.2.5 Description of the Land Use/ Land Cover Classes
Built Up Land- It is defined as an area of human settlements composed of houses,
commercial complex, transport, communication lines, utilities, services, places of
worships, recreational areas, industries etc. Depending upon the nature and type
of utilities and size of habitations, residential areas can be aggregated into villages,
towns and cities. All the manmade construction covering land belongs to this
category. The built- up in 10 km radius from the project site is presented in the
Table 4.4 and the Photographs of Built-up land in village area is shown in Figure
4.10.
Table 4-4Built Up Land in 10 km radius from the Project Site
S.No Land use Area in Sq.km Percentage
1 Built-up (Rural, Urban and
Industry) 3.12 0.90
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Figure 4-10 Built Up Land in Rural Area
Built Up Land in the Study Area
Agricultural Land- This category includes the land utilized for crops, vegetables, fodder
and fruits. Existing cropland and current fallows are included in this category. It is
described as an area under agricultural tree crops, planted adopting certain agricultural
management techniques. The Agricultural land in 10 km radius from the project site is
presented in the Table 4.6 and the photographs of the respective agricultural land in the
study area is shown in the Figure 4.11. Of all the agricultural lands, Crop land occupies
maximum of 53.68 % area within 10 km radius.
Table 4-6 Agricultural Land in 10 km radius from the Project Site
S.No Land use Area in Sq.Km Percentage
1 Crop Land 185.84 53.68
2 Fallow Land 3.56 1.03
Figure 4-11 Agricultural Land in Rural Area
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Crop Land in the Study Area
Fallow Land in Study Area
Forest Land- These are the areas bearing an association predominantly of trees
and other vegetation types (within the notified forest boundaries) capable of
producing timber and other forest produce. The study area of 10 km buffer
comprises of Forest plantation, forest blanks and Scrub Forest. The forest land in
10 km radius from the project site is presented in the Table 4.7
Table 4-7 Forest Land in 10 km radius from the Project Site
S.No Land use Area in Sq.Km Percentage
1 Forest Plantation 62.48 18.05
Figure 4-12 Forest Land in Rural Area
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Forest Plantation
Wasteland-Wastelands are the degraded or underutilized lands most of which
could be brought under productive use with proper soil and water management
practices. Wasteland results from various environmental and human factors.
Land with or without Scrub- The land, which is outside the forest boundary and
not utilized for cultivation. Land with or without scrub usually associated with
shallow, stony, rocky otherwise non-arable lands. The Wasteland in 10 km radius
from the project site is as below in Table 4.8 and the photographs representing the
same in the study area is presented in the Figure 4.13.
Table 4-8 Wasteland in 10 km radius from the proposed project site
Sl.No Land use Area in Sq.Km Percentage
1 Built-up Land Mining 1.06 0.31
2 Land with or without Scurb 23.19 6.70
Figure 4-13 Photographs showing the land with or without scrub in the study area
Land with or without Scrub
Water Bodies- The category comprises area of surface water, either impounded in
the form of ponds, reservoirs or flowing as streams, rivers and canals. River cater
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channel is inland waterways used for irrigation and for flood control. The water
bodies in 10 km radius from the project site is presented in the Table 4.9. The
photographs of the water body in the study area is presented in the Figure 4.14.
Table 4-9 Water Bodies in 10 km radius from the Project Site
S.No Land use Area in Sq.Km Percentage
1 Water Bodies – Tank, River,
Canal 66.96 19.34
Figure 4-14Water Bodies in Study Area
River Tapi
4.5.2.6 Final Output
The study reveals that the following major land use in the study area of 10 km
radius from the project boundary
In the agricultural land (Crop Land- 53.68 %) occupies majority of the area.
About 3.12 % of the built-up land. The port and the industrial land occupy
majority of the built-up land
The Built-up land of Industry occupies majority of the area surrounding the
plant
The overall summary of the statistics of LU/LC in the study area is presented in the
Table 4.5 and Figure 4.15.
Table 4-5 Overall Summary of the Statistics of LU/LC in the study Area
SL.No. Land Use Percentage Area in Sq. Km
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1 Built-up Land (Urban / Rural) 0.90 3.12
2 Crop Land 53.68 185.84
3 Fallow Land 1.03 3.56
4 Built-up Mining 0.31 1.06
5 Land with or without Scrub 6.70 23.19
6 Forest Plantation 18.05 62.48
7 Water Body 19.34 66.96
Total 100.000
Figure 4-15 Land use classes around 10 km radius from the project site
4.6 Geology
4.6.1 Geology in the region
Major geological formations exposed in the district are Quaternary alluvium,
Tertiary limestone and sandstones and deccan trap basalt. Figure 4.16 shows the
geology of the district and the succession of geological formations in the district.
The oldest rocks occurring to the north-east and south- east of the district are
Deccan traps of lower Eocene age. These are present in the form of horizontal
sheets at places showing gentle dips toward west. The total thickness of different
trap flows aggregates to nearly 200 meters.
Table 4-6 Geological Succession
Era Period Epoch/Series Description
Cenozoic Quaternary Holocene Soil, young alluvium
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Blown and Fluvio-marine deposits
Tertiary
Pleistocene Older alluvium, conglomerate
Miocene Ferruginous sandstone (Gaj)
Eocene Numulitic Limestone
Palaeocene
Sub-Numulitic limestone, gypseous shale, Supra-Trappean sediments lateritised and having bauxite pockets
Mesozoic Lower tertiary to
upper cretaceous
Early Eocene to
upper
Deccan Trap basalt
with dykes
Figure 4-16 Geological Map of Tapi District
Source: Groundwater brochureTapi district, Gujarat, Central ground water board, West central region
Ahmedabad
4.6.2 Geology of the study area
The Study area underlined by the following geological formation:
Basalt and Dolerite
Diamictite
Sandstone, shale, and Coal seams
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4.7 Geomorphology and Structure
The land forms / geomorphic units and structures such as fractures, fissures and
faults have been interpreted from the recent satellite image. All the landform /
geomorphic units and structures occurring in the study area are mapped. The
geomorphology and structures of the area plays the vital role in identifying the
ground water potential zones.
Geehorphologically, the district has five zones, viz., hilly areas, piedmont slopes,
alluvial plains and coastal plains. The following geomorphic units have been
interpreted using the satellite images within 10 km radius of the project site
boundary.
1. Moderately Dissected Hills
2. Pediment – Pediplain Complex
Apart from the above there is fracture system occur in and around the project site.
The fractures are the good ground water conduit. High yielding bore wells expected
in the intersection of fractures. It is also observed that there is promising fracture
aquifer within 1km from the project boundary and within the site.
4.8 Soil Environment
4.8.1 Soil in the Region
The soil in the Tapi basin up to Ukai Dam are basically divided into three groups:
coarse shallow soil, medium black soil, deep black soil.
Coarse shallow soil is primarily developed from basaltic deccan trap with a varying
depth of 25 cm to 50 cm and are usually found in Betul, Khandwa, Khargon,
Amrawati, Akola, Buldhana, Jalgaon, Dhule, Aurangabad and Nasik. Medium
black soils have developed from Deccan traps and cover the largest area of the
basin with depths generally varying from 50 cm to 1 m usually occurring in areas
like Khandwa, Amrawati, Akola, Buldhana, Jalgaon, Dhule, and Nasik. The deep
black soils are found along the Purna River and in the middle and lower reaches of
Tapi River. These soils have originated primarily from decomposition of trap rocks
of hilly ranges. The depths of this soil varies from 1m to 6m and are mostly found
in Amrawati, Akola, Buldhana, Jalgaon, Dhule, Nasik, Surat and Bharuch (Figure
4.17)
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Figure 4-17 Soil Map of Gujarat
Figure 4-18 Soil Classification Map of the Study Area
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4.8.1.1 Background Soil Quality in Study Area
Sampling locations were selected to evaluate the existing soil conditions in and
around the existing plant area representing various land use conditions. The
physical, chemical and heavy metal concentrations were determined.
Eight (8) locations within the 10 km radius around the study area were selected for
soil sampling including three (3) locations where treated wastewater is utilized for
land irrigation. The soil samples were collected from 2 feet depth with the help of
stainless-steel soil-sampling probe. At each location, soil samples were collected
from three different depths like 30 cm, 60 cm and 90 cm below the surface and are
homogenized with the help of stainless-steel soil sampling probe. Various physical
and chemical parameters were analyzed as per Indian Standards. The soil sampling
locations are given in the Table 4.7 and the same are shown in Figure 4.19.
The summary results of the soil quality are presented in Annexure 14. The soil
sampling results are compared with the standard soil classification.
Table 4-7 Details of Soil Sampling Locations
Location Name Location Code Sampling Coordinates
Plant Site S1 21° 12' 31" N, 73° 34' 28"E
Irrigated Land-1 S2 21° 13' 3" N, 73° 34' 11"E
Irrigated Land-2 S3 21° 12' 14" N, 73° 33' 8"E
Moti Khervan S4 21°12' 55" N, 73° 31' 54"E
Songadh S5 21°10' 42" N,73° 33' 28"E Banglifolia S6 21°11' 35" N, 73° 35' 5"E
Patharada S7 21°14' 30" N, 73° 33' 45"E
Bhimpura S8 21° 12' 51" N, 73° 34' 58"E
Figure 4-19 Soil Quality Monitoring Location in the Study Area
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Figure 4-20 Photographs of Soil Sampling
S1-Plant Site S2-Irrigated Area-1
S2-Irrigated Area-3 S4-MotiKhervan
S5-Songadh S6-Banglifolia
S7-Patharada S8-Bhimpura
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4.8.1.2 Soil Analysis Result
The summary results of the soil quality are presented in Annexure 14. The soil
sampling results are compared with standard soil classification, Handbook of
Agriculture, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, 2012 and Dutch
intervention values;
The pH of the soil ranges from 7.2 to 8.32 indicating that soil is classified into
moderately alkaline. Electrical conductivity ranges from 0.2 mS/cm to 0.4 mS/cm
which is less than 2 mS/cm and hence the soil is non-saline which is in normal
condition. The concentration of chlorides varied from 55.45 mg/100g to 93.79
mg/100g. Available Nitrogen level in the soil was found ranged from 196 kg/ha to
362kg/ha (low to medium category). Calcium is in the range of 45.01 mg/100g to
73.26 mg/100g. Cation exchange capacity is in the range 2.01 to 6.36 meq/100 g.
The values of heavy metals were compared with Dutch Intervention values to detect
any contamination of soil. It was found that all the values were found to be below
the intervention values indicating that the soil in the study is free from
contamination
Sampling locations 1, 2 and 3 indicates the areas where treated wastewater is
utilized for land irrigation. Based on the results, it is evident that, no
contamination of soils due to operation of existing facility was observed.
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Table 4-8 Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Soil samples Collected within the Study Area
S. No Parameters Units S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8
1 pH - 8.32 7.59 8.30 7.84 7.45 7.24 8.20 7.95
2 Conductivity µs/cm 0.360 0.280 0.320 0.410 0.205 0.470 0.520 0.328
3 Sodium as Na mg/kg 34.06 40.56 31.34 42.78 46.32 33.56 35.93 48.21
4 Available Nitrogen kg/hec 240.00 204.00 267.00 290.00 196.00 312.00 362.00 306.20
5 Available Phosphorus kg/hec 18.50 15.25 21.00 11.34 16.20 13.31 36.10 19.50
6 Calcium as Ca mg/100g 45.01 68.10 49.37 51.32 72.57 54.37 59.41 73.26
7 Magnesium as Mg mg/100g 23.78 18.50 26.84 35.21 18.50 28.35 35.51 25.38
8 Chloride as Cl mg/100g 66.45 69.58 55.45 70.53 93.79 68.78 84.53 80.72
9 Bulk Density gm/cc 1.32 1.43 1.67 1.32 1.32 1.32 1.47 1.54
10 Water Holding
Capacity % 30.55 38.10 33.41 35.54 42.78 36.54 34.50 38.10
11 Available Potassium mg/100g 163.50 40.56 180.00 218.00 163.40 215.00 245.00 208.00
12 Cadmium as Cd mg/kg 0.24 0.31 0.24 0.41 0.34 0.35 0.36 0.49
13 Chromium as cr mg/kg 0.73 0.87 0.77 0.34 0.65 0.37 0.34 0.85
14 Manganese as Mn mg/kg 8.17 4.80 7.31 6.64 5.87 7.11 7.37 8.12
15 Lead as Pb mg/kg 0.51 0.45 0.32 0.57 0.68 0.57 0.52 0.54
16 Zinc as Zn mg/kg 0.86 0.98 0.57 0.35 0.54 0.34 3.10 2.20
17 Copper as Cu mg/kg 0.88 0.94 0.59 0.78 0.34 0.59 0.92 0.60
18 Colour - Brown Brownish
White Slightly Blackish
Slightly brown
Brownish White
Yellowish brown
Slightly blackish
White
19 SAR meq/l 0.32 0.35 0.28 0.35 0.39 0.29 0.28 0.38
20 Cation Exchange Capacity
meq/100g
4.56 5.29 5.46 5.93 2.01 5.47 6.36 6.22
21 Organic matter % 0.48 0.28 0.42 0.57 0.20 0.60 0.70 0.88
22 Nitrate Nitrogen mg/kg 36.10 28.00 33.10 37.23 26.80 38.80 46.20 31..20
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4.9 Seismic Zone
The project area falls under Zone III of seismic zones of India which is a Moderate
Intensity zone as per IS 1893 (part 1):2002 (Bureau of Indian Standards Criteria for
earthquake resistant design of Structures). The seismic zone map of India is shown
in Figure 4.21.
With respect to earthquake hazard, the project site falls in Zone III i.e. Moderate
Damage Risk Zone (Vulnerability Atlas of India 1997, Ministry of Urban
Development (Figure 4.23).
Figure 4-21 Seismic zone Map of India
Zone II – Least Active Seismic Zone
Zone III – Moderate Seismic Zone
Zone IV – High Seismic Zone
Zone V – Highest Seismic Zone
Figure 4-22 Seismic Zone Map of Gujarat
Project Site
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Figure 4-23 earthquake Hazard Map
Source: Vulnerability Atlas of India 1997, Ministry of Urban Development
4.10 Meteorological Data
Micro-meteorological data is one of the important components of the Environmental
Impact Assessment (EIA) study. As a part of the EIA study, both published long-
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term data and site-specific meteorological data were collected as per the ToR
(Terms of Reference) awarded for the proposed project. A meteorological station was
installed in the project site.
4.10.1 Climatological Data IMD- Surat Observatory (Nearest IMD station)
Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) Pune was referred. The data was recorded
over a period of 30 years (1971 to 2000). The nearest IMD station was referred for
the current project. This data was compared with the site-specific data generated
during baseline monitoring studies. The meteorological data comprises monthly
mean wind speed, wind direction, temperature, relative humidity, rain fall etc., and
is presented in below Table 4.9.
Table 4-9 Indian Meteorological Department – Climatological Tables 30 Years Data:
1971-2000 (Surat IMD station)
Month
Temperature (ºC)
Humidity (%)
Rainfall (mm) Mean wind speed
(Kmph)
Mean Extremes
Highest
Lowest Highest Lowest Monthly
Total
No. of Rainy days
Heaviest fall in 24Hrs
Date and Year
Jan 35.0 10.9 38.3 4.4 67 1.5 0.2 43.7 6-1920 7.3
Feb 37.0 12.4 41.7 5.6 63 0.4 0 38.1 10-1898 7.5
Mar 40.4 16.4 44.0 8.9 62 0 0 13.0 26-1967 7.4
Apr 41.5 21.5 45.6 15.0 67 0.2 0 97.8 19-1947 8.3
May 41.0 23.9 45.6 19.4 70 2.3 0.2 51.6 26-1974 11.4
Jun 37.8 23.3 45.6 20.2 78 286.3 8.0 260.1 27-1922 12.9
Jul 34.1 23.3 38.9 19.9 85 436.5 14.3 459.2 2-1941 12.0
Aug 33.5 23.1 37.2 21.1 86 259.0 12.1 324.6 13-1964 10.3
Sep 36.2 22.9 41.1 20.6 83 159.6 7.1 389.4 23-1945 7.1
Oct 38.5 20.7 41.4 14.4 72 37.7 1.5 257.1 25-1894 5.7
Nov 36.8 15.8 39.4 10.6 63 10.5 0.6 148.3 6-1946 6.3
Dec 34.9 12.7 38.9 6.7 65 1.6 0.1 42.2 20-1933 7
Avg./ Annual Total
42.4 10.6 45.6 4.4 72 1195.5 44.2 459.2 2-1941 8.6
4.10.1.1 Ambient Temperature (as per IMD data)
Songadh has a tropical climate. As per IMD data, the period from March to June is
generally hot. The month of April and May are the hottest months with mean
maximum temperature of 41 oC. The mean lowest temperature reported during the
winter season (January month) of temperature10.9oC.
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4.10.1.2 Relative humidity (as per long term IMD data)
The maximum relative humidity is generally experienced during July and August
with a peak level of about 86%. The lowest humidity about 62%.can be observed in
the month of March.
4.10.1.3 Rainfall (as per long term IMD data)
The average annual rainfall of the songarh was reported to be in the order of
1195.5 mm. June is the driest weather month with an average rainfall of 1.4 mm of
rainfall and wettest weather is in July with an average rainfall of 1614.0 mm of
rainfall.
4.10.1.4 Wind (as per long term IMD data)
Winds predominantly blow from South Western direction. During summer (March
to May), and monsoon (June to September) the winds blow from South Western
direction. Annual as well as Seasonal wind rose diagrams are presented in Figure
4.24 and Figure 4.25 respectively
Figure 4-24 Annual Windrose as per IMD Surat Observatory data (30 years average
data-1971-2001)
Figure 4-25 Seasonal Windrose as per IMD Surat Observatory Data
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Monsoon (June to September) Winter (January to February)
Summer (March to May) Post Monsoon (Oct-Dec)
4.10.2 Site Specific Meteorological Data
The continuous weather monitoring station was installed near the proposed project
site at a height of 6m above the ground level and hourly measurements of the
following parameters were measured at site during the study period i.e. from 24th
September 2018 to 23rd December 2018. Wind speeds (m/s), wind direction
(Degrees), Temperature (ºC), Relative Humidity (%), Solar Radiation (Watt/m2),
Rainfall (mm) etc were monitored.
4.10.2.1 Specific ambient Temperature Profile (24th September 2018 to
23rd December 2018)
The maximum mean ambient dry bulb temperature was observed in the study
period was found to be 39°C, whereas the minimum mean ambient dry bulb
temperature of 18.5 °C was observed in the study period.
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4.10.2.2 Wind direction and Wind Rose (24th September 2018 to 23rd
December 2018)
The predominant wind direction during the study period was from East and North
East. These readings are in line with IMD long term data.
4.11 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring
Ambient air quality monitoring was conducted in the 10 km radius of the study
area including the plant site in order to assess the concentration levels in the
ambient air. This will also be useful for assessing the conformity to the standards
of ambient air quality standards during the plant operation.
The selection of the ambient air quality monitoring stations was done based on the
CPCB guidelines and Environmental Impact Assessment Manual published by
MoEF & CC. Eight (8) air quality monitoring stations were selected for a detailed
monitoring as per the CPCB guidelines. Details of the air quality monitoring
stations are presented in Table 4.10.
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Table 4-10 AAQ monitoring stations Location details
SI. No Location
Distance from the project site
(Aerial Distance) in km
Latitudes & Longitudes
AAQ 1 Plant Site 0 21° 12' 15"N, 73° 34' 26"E
AAQ 2 Banglifoliya 1.69 21° 11' 37"N, 73° 35' 6"E
AAQ 3 Bardipada 2.04 21°11' 34"N, 73° 33' 32"E
AAQ 4 Moti Khervan 5.04 21° 13' 55"N, 73° 32' 6"E
AAQ 5 Songadh 4.20 21° 10' 3"N, 73° 33' 57"E
AAQ 6 Amlipada 6.00 21° 11' 22"N, 73° 31' 17"E
AAQ 7 Patharda 4.13 21° 14' 26"N, 73° 33' 47"E
AAQ 8 Bhimpura 1.44 21° 12' 50"N, 73° 35' 1"E
The following parameters were monitored according to the terms of reference and
National Ambient Air Quality Standards: Particulate Matter (PM10), Particulate
Matter (PM2.5), Sulphur dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), Carbon monoxide
(CO), Ozone (O3), Lead (Pb), Ammonia (NH3), Benzene (C6H6), Benzo (a) pyrene
(BaP), Arsenic (As), Nickel (Ni). These parameters are analysed as per NAAQ
standards.
Figure 4-26 Map showing the air quality monitoring stations
The photograph of the sampling location is given in Figure 4.27. The collected data
of ambient air quality monitoring is shown in Table 4.11 and test reports are
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attached as Annexure 15. It indicates that all values are within the limits of
National Air Quality Standard prescribed by Central Pollution Control Board
Figure 4-27 Site Photographs of AAQ Stations
AAQ 1 - Plant
AAQ 2- Banglifoliya
AAQ 3- Bardipada
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AAQ 4- Moti Khervan
AAQ 5- Songadh
AAQ 6- Amlipada
AAQ 7- Patharda
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AAQ 8- Bhimpura
Table 4-11 Summary of the Average Baseline Concentrations of Pollutants during the
Study Period
Code Location PM2.5
(µg/m3) PM10
(µg/m3) SO2
(µg/m3) NO2
(µg/m3) Ozone (µg/m3)
Ammonia (µg/m3)
AAQ1 Plant Site 32.8 69 15.5 27.5 27.1 15.7
AAQ2 Banglifoliya 29.6 57.8 15 25.6 27 15
AAQ3 Bardipada 27.9 58.7 14.1 24.4 25.9 15.4
AAQ4 Moti Khervan 32 62.7 14.4 25.3 28.5 15.1
AAQ5 Songadh 40.9 78.9 18 28.9 28.6 15.8
AAQ6 Amlipada 31.4 68.1 16 27.5 28.6 15.5
AAQ7 Patharda 40.7 79.4 23.1 28.1 27.8 15.2
AAQ8 Bhimpura 51.5 86.5 26 28.6 26.4 15.3
NAAQ Standards 60 100 80 80 180 400
4.11.1.1 Observations on Ambient Air Quality of the Study Area
Particulate Matter
It is the sum of all solid and liquid particles suspended in the air. It is generally
classified into PM2.5 and PM10 based on the size. The concentration of PM2.5 and
PM10 were analyzed at all the eight locations of the study area and the summary is
presented in the Table 4.11 and Table 4.12 respectively.
Table 4-12 PM2.5 Concentration in the Study Area during the study period
Station code
Location Distance from the
site
PM2.5 Concentration (µg/m3)
Min Max Avg 98th
percentile
AAQ1 Plant Site 0 27.2 37.8 32.8 37.3
AAQ2 Banglifoliya 1.69 23.8 35.2 29.6 34.9
AAQ3 Bardipada 2.04 22.3 33.3 27.9 33.3
AAQ4 Moti Khervan 5.04 26.5 38.6 32 38.5
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Station code
Location Distance from the
site
PM2.5 Concentration (µg/m3)
Min Max Avg 98th
percentile
AAQ5 Songadh 4.20 35.1 47.2 40.9 47.2
AAQ6 Amlipada 6.00 26.9 38.6 31.4 37.7
AAQ7 Patharda 4.13 34.2 50.5 40.7 49.9
AAQ8 Bhimpura 1.44 45.2 57.3 51.5 57.2
The minimum and maximum concentration of PM2.5 was observed to be 22.3 µg/m3 at
Bardipada and 57.3 µg/m3 at Bhimpura respectively. The average concentration in the
study area ranged from 27.9 µg/m3 at Bardipada to 51.5 µg/m3 at Bhimpura. The observed
average concentrations at all the locations were found to be well within the permissible
range of 60 µg/m3 as per NAAQ standards prescribed by CPCB. The trends of PM2.5
concentration is presented in the Figure 4.28
Figure 4-28 Trends of Ambient PM2.5 Concentration in the Study Area
Table 4-13PM10 Concentration in the Study Area during the study period
Station code
Location Distance from the
site
PM10 Concentration(µg/m3)
Min Max Avg 98th
percentile
AAQ1 Plant Site 0 60.7 76.5 69 76.4
AAQ2 Banglifoliya 1.69 52.2 66.3 57.8 65.8
AAQ3 Bardipada 2.04 52.2 65.6 58.7 65.2
AAQ4 Moti Khervan 5.04 54.3 71.3 62.7 71.3
AAQ5 Songadh 4.20 71.5 86.5 78.9 86.0
AAQ6 Amlipada 6.00 62.1 73.7 68.1 73.7
AAQ7 Patharda 4.13 70.3 86.6 79.4 86.1
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Station code
Location Distance from the
site
PM10 Concentration(µg/m3)
Min Max Avg 98th
percentile
AAQ8 Bhimpura 1.44 77.3 94.3 86.5 94.2
The minimum and maximum concentration of PM10 was observed to be 52.2 µg/m3
at Banglifoliya and Bardipada and 94.3 µg/m3 at the Bhimpura respectively. The
average concentration in the study area ranged from 57.8 µg/m3 to 86.5 µg/m3.
The observed average concentrations at all the locations were found to be well
within the permissible range of 100 µg/m3 as per NAAQ standards prescribed by
CPCB. The trends of PM10 concentration is presented in the Figure 4.29.
Figure 4-29Trends of Ambient PM10 Concentration in the Study Area
Sulphur Dioxide:
Average, minimum and maximum reported concentrations of SO2 in the study area
at 8 locations are presented in Table 4.14.
Table 4-14 SO2 Concentrations in the Study Area during the study period
Station Location Distance SO2 Concentration(µg/m3)
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code from the site
Min Max Avg 98th
percentile
AAQ1 Plant Site 0 9.5 25.6 15.5 25.6
AAQ2 Banglifoliya 1.69 8.4 22.4 15 22.3
AAQ3 Bardipada 2.04 8.2 24.2 14.1 23.3
AAQ4 Moti Khervan 5.04 8.5 24.3 14.4 23.8
AAQ5 Songadh 4.20 7.5 30.5 18 30.3
AAQ6 Amlipada 6.00 8.2 25.9 16 24.7
AAQ7 Patharda 4.13 15.2 30.2 23.1 30.2
AAQ8 Bhimpura 1.44 18.1 38.6 26 38.6
The minimum and maximum concentration of SO2 was observed to be 7.5 µg/m3 at
Songadh and 38.6 µg/m3 at Bhimpura respectively. The average values were found
to be in the range of 14.1 µg/m3 to 26 µg/m3. The observed average SO2
concentrations at all the locations were found to be well within the permissible
range of 80 µg/m3 as per NAAQ standards prescribed by CPCB. The trends of SO2
concentration is presented in the Figure 4.30.
Figure 4-30Trends of Ambient SO2 Concentration in the Study Area
Nitrogen Dioxide:
Average, minimum and maximum reported concentrations of NOx in the study area
at 8 locations are presented in Table4.15.
Table 4-15 NOx Concentrations in the Study Area during the study period
Station Location Distance NOx Concentration(µg/m3)
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code from the site
Min Max Avg 98th
percentile
AAQ1 Plant Site 0 16.5 40.1 27.5 38.7
AAQ2 Banglifoliya 1.69 18.3 34.6 25.6 34.1
AAQ3 Bardipada 2.04 17.3 38.4 24.4 38.0
AAQ4 Moti Khervan
5.04 18.6 35.8 25.3 35.6
AAQ5 Songadh 4.20 21.4 38.7 28.9 37.5
AAQ6 Amlipada 6.00 17.3 40.2 27.5 39.2
AAQ7 Patharda 4.13 18.3 40.3 28.1 38.8
AAQ8 Bhimpura 1.44 14.3 48.2 28.6 45.4
The minimum and maximum concentration of NOx was observed to be 14.3 µg/m3
at Bhimpura and 48.2 µg/m3 at Bhimpura respectively. The average NOx
concentrations in the study area were observed to be in the range of 24.4 µg/m3 at
Bardipada to 28.9 µg/m3 at Songarh. Thus, the observed average NOx
concentrations at all the locations were found to be well within the permissible
range of 80 µg/m3 as per NAAQ standards prescribed the CPCB. The trends of NOX
concentration is presented in the Figure 4.31.
Figure 4-31 Trends of Ambient NOx Concentration in the Study Area
Ammonia:
Ammonia is a compound of nitrogen and hydrogen. Average, minimum and
maximum reported concentrations of ammonia in the study area at 8 locations are
presented in Table 4.16.
Table 4-16Ammonia Concentrations in the Study Area during the study period
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Station code
Location Distance from the
site
NH3 Concentration(µg/m3)
Min Max Avg 98th
percentile
AAQ1 Plant Site 0 12.5 18.4 15.7 18.3
AAQ2 Banglifoliya 1.69 10.2 18.4 15 18.3
AAQ3 Bardipada 2.04 12.2 18.6 15.4 18.5
AAQ4 Moti Khervan 5.04 11.8 19.2 15.1 18.8
AAQ5 Songadh 4.20 12.2 18.4 15.8 18.4
AAQ6 Amlipada 6.00 12.5 18.4 15.5 18.4
AAQ7 Patharda 4.13 12.3 18.7 15.2 18.6
AAQ8 Bhimpura 1.44 12.2 18.4 15.3 18.0
The minimum and maximum concentration of ammonia was observed to be 10.2
µg/m3 at Banglifoliya and 19.2 µg/m3 at Moti Khervan. The average ammonia
concentrations in the study area were observed to be in the range of 15 µg/m3 to
15.8 µg/m3. Thus, the observed average ammonia concentrations at all the
locations were found to be well within the permissible range of 400 µg/m3 as per
NAAQ standards prescribed the CPCB. The trends of ammonia concentration are
presented in the Figure 4.32.
Figure 4-32Trends of Ambient NH3 Concentration in the Study Area
Ozone:
Ozone is a gas composed of three atoms of oxygen that occurs at earth’s upper
atmosphere and at ground level. Average, minimum and maximum reported
concentrations of ozone in the study area at 8 locations are presented in Table
4.17.
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Table 4-17Ozone Concentrations in the Study Area during the study period
Station code
Location Distance from the
site
Ozone Concentration(µg/m3)
Min Max Avg 98th
percentile
AAQ1 Plant Site 0 20.4 33.2 27.1 32.9
AAQ2 Banglifoliya 1.69 19.6 35.2 27 35.1
AAQ3 Bardipada 2.04 15.3 34.5 25.9 33.9
AAQ4 Moti Khervan
5.04 21.5 40.1 28.5 37.9
AAQ5 Songadh 4.20 21.4 40.2 28.6 39.2
AAQ6 Amlipada 6.00 21.1 36.4 28.6 35.8
AAQ7 Patharda 4.13 21.2 34.5 27.8 34.5
AAQ8 Bhimpura 1.44 18.6 31.4 26.4 31.3
The minimum and maximum concentration of ozone was observed to be 15.3
µg/m3 at Bardipada and 40.2 µg/m3 at Songarh respectively. The average ozone
concentrations in the study area were observed to be in the range of 25.9 µg/m3 to
28.6 µg/m3. Thus, the observed average ozone concentrations at all the locations
were found to be well within the permissible range as per NAAQ standards
prescribed the CPCB. The trends of ozone concentration is presented in the Figure
4.33.
Figure 4-33 Trends of Ambient Ozone Concentration in the Study Area
4.12 Noise Environment
Noise levels were recorded at the Mill site and other seven locations in the study
area. The measurements were carried out using Type 1 noise level integrated sound
level meter. Monitoring was done at each location during the study period for 24
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hrs on hourly basis to obtain hourly equivalent sound pressure level. A digital noise
level meter was used to record the noise levels. From these values, day time and
night time and 24-hrs Leq values were calculated. Day time is considered from
0600 hrs to 2200 hrs and night from 2200 hrs to 0600 hrs. Noise monitoring
locations in the study area are presented in Table 4.18 and Figure 4.34
Table 4-18 Noise Sampling Locations
SI.No Location Distance from the project site (Aerial
Distance) in km Latitudes & Longitudes
N1 Plant Site 0 21° 12' 15"N, 73° 34' 26"E
N2 Banglifoliya 1.69 21° 11' 37"N, 73° 35' 6"E
N3 Bardipada 2.04 21°11' 34"N, 73° 33' 32"E
N4 Moti Khervan 5.04 21° 13' 55"N, 73° 32' 6"E
N5 Songadh 4.20 21° 10' 3"N, 73° 33' 57"E
N6 Amlipada 6.00 21° 11' 22"N, 73° 31' 17"E
N7 Patharda 4.13 21° 14' 26"N, 73° 33' 47"E
N8 Bhimpura 1.44 21° 12' 50"N, 73° 35' 1"E
Figure 4-34Noise Sampling Locations in the Study Area
The measured noise levels have been compared with the standard specified in
Schedule III, Rule 3 of Environmental Protection Rules. Based on the recorded
noise levels the average noise levels for day and night at all the six locations are
presented in the Table 4.19
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Table 4-19 Recorded Noise Levels
S.No Location Location
code
Leq in dB(A) CPCB limits in dB
(A), Leq
Day Night Day Night
1 Plant Site N1 55.70 47.50 75 70
2 Banglifoliya N2 53.50 42.50 55 45
3 Bardipada N3 51.70 41.34 55 45
4 Moti Khervan N4 50.15 43.10 55 45
5 Songadh N5 54.80 44.50 55 45
6 Amlipada N6 53.10 41.80 55 45
7 Patharda N7 51.30 43.10 55 45
8 Bhimpura N8 50.20 42.80 55 45
Observations: Average day time and night time noise levels at residential areas in
the study area was found to be varying from 50.15 to 55.70 dB(A) and 41.34 dB(A)
to 47.50 dB(A) respectively. At the existing plant site, the average noise level was
found to be 55.70 dB (A) for day time and 47.50 dB (A) for night time. As per
NAAQS w.r.t. noise prescribed by CPCB, the day time and night time noise levels in
a residential area shall not exceed 55 and 45 dB(A) Leq respectively whereas for
industrial area shall not exceed 75 dB (A) for day time and 70 dB (A) for night time.
The observed values are complying with the standards. The hourly noise level
monitoring data is enclosed in Annexure 16.
4.13 Water Environment
Water resources constitute mainly surface and groundwater with rainfall being the
major source. The major River located near the project is River Tapi to the North of
project site. Ukai dam is located to the North of project site.
4.13.1 Surface Water Resources in the Study Area
The Tapi is the second largest westward draining river of the Peninsula.The Tapi
Basin is situated in the northern part of the Deccan Plateau. The Tapi is the major
river which passes through the central parts of the district and flows towards the
west. The river is perennial in nature. It originates in Madhya Pradesh near Betul
and has about 62225 sq. Km. of catchment area. Other prominent rivers draining
the district are Kim, Ver, Mindola, Jhankhari and Purna. The Ver flows from north-
east to south-west and flows parallel to Tapi and then it flows towards west. All
other rivers are situated toward south of Tapi and flow towards west, parallel to
Tapi.
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4.13.2 Surface water quality
Surface Water Quality in the Study Area: Water quality parameters of surface
water resources within the study area have been considered for assessing the water
environment. To assess the water quality of the study area, the water samples were
collected at Upstream and downstream of the Tapi River which is the major source
of water for the project.
The surface water test report is given in Annexure 17. The location details of the
sampling are given below in Figure 4.35.
Figure 4-35 Photograph showing the location of Surface Water Sampling
Table 4-20Surface Water Sampling Locations
Code Location Latitude & Longitude
SW1 Upstream of Tapi River 21° 15' 22"N, 73° 35' 6"E
SW2 Downstream of Tapi
River 21° 15' 50"N, 73° 32' 51"E
Figure 4-36Location of Surface Water Sampling during the Study Period
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Table 4-21Analysis Results of Surface Water Samples
S. No. Parameter Unit SW1
(Upstream) SW2
(Downstream)
Permissible Range as per Drinking Water Standards (IS 10500:2012)
1 pH (at 25 0C) -- 8.05 8.04 6.5 to 8.5
2 Colour Hazen *BDL *BDL 15
3 Turbidity NTU 18.00 26.00 5
4 Odour -- Agreeable Agreeable
5 Total Hardness as CaCO3
mg/l 196.00 190.00
600
6 Calcium as Ca mg/l 46.50 49.40 200
7 Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l 190.50 193.00 -
8 Chloride as Cl mg/l 72.10 70.80 1000
9 Residual free Chlorine mg/l *BDL *BDL 1
10 Cyanide as CN mg/l *BDL *BDL -
11 Magnesium as Mg mg/l 19.44 46.22 100
12 Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 490.00 498.00 2000
13 Total Suspended solids
mg/l 68.00 70.00 -
14 Dissolved Oxygen mg/l 6.0 6.1 -
15 Sulphate as SO4 mg/l 15.45 16.20 400
16 Fluoride as F mg/l 0.65 0.60 1.5
17 BOD mg/l <5.00 <5.00 -
18 COD mg/l 20 26 -
19 Conductivity µS/cm 820 830 -
20 Nitrate as NO3 mg/l 3.60 3.80 45
21 Sodium as Na mg/l 68.2 61.5 -
22 Potassium as K mg/l 21.20 24.1 -
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S. No. Parameter Unit SW1
(Upstream) SW2
(Downstream)
Permissible Range as per Drinking Water Standards (IS 10500:2012)
23 Iron as Fe mg/l 0.30 0.37 0.3
24 Aluminium as Al mg/l *BDL *BDL 0.2
25 Boron mg/l 0.38 0.42 1
26 Chromium as Cr mg/l *BDL *BDL 0.05
27 Phenolic Compounds mg/l *BDL *BDL 0.002
28 Mineral Oil mg/l *BDL *BDL 0.5
29 Anionic Detergents mg/l *BDL *BDL -
30 Zinc as Zn mg/l 1.80 1.82 15
31 Copper as Cu mg/l 0.60 0.62 1.5
32 Manganese as Mn mg/l *BDL *BDL 0.3
33 Cadmium as Cd mg/l *BDL *BDL 0.003
34 Total Coliform MPN/100
ml 220 220 -
35 #Fecal Coliform MPN/10
0ml 170 170
-
BDL-Below Detectable Limit
Observations: As per the analysis results as shown in the Table 4.21, it can be
observed that pH of Tapi River, Upstream and downstream water is in the range of
8.04 mg/l to 8.05 mg/l which is moderately alkaline. The TDS levels in the surface
water of upstream and downstream were found to be 490 mg/l and 498 mg/l
respectively. The Total Hardness of the surface water of upstream and downstream
was found to be 196mg/l and 190mg/l respectively. The Fluoride concentration of
Upstream and downstream was found to 0.65mg/l and 0.60mg/l respectively. The
microbiological content as total coliform of upstream and downstream was found to
be 220 MPN/100 ml. Heavy metal concentrations are well within the permissible
limits as per drinking water standards. Hence all the values observed from the
analysis of river water were found to be within the permissible limits as per
drinking water, IS: 10500 –2012 “Specification for drinking Water”.
4.13.3 Ground water resources
Deccan Traps form the aquifers in north-eastern, eastern and south eastern parts
of the district comprising Mangrol, Mandvi, and Mahuva, talukas. The ground
water occurs in unconfined to semi-confined conditions. The occurrence and
movement of ground water is governed by the thickness and extent of weathered
zone and the presence of fractures and joints. At places, dykes act as ground water
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barriers and restrict the flow of ground water. On the other hand, at places, the
dykes themselves form good aquifers owing to deeper levels of weathering in them.
Depths of dug wells in Deccan traps ranges from less than 2m to 25m with
maximum number of wells about 80%, being 5 to 15m deep. The depths to water
levels in the dug wells range from 1 to 20m. However, in 90% of the wells, the water
levels are less than 10 m bgl. Yields of the dug wells are low to moderate in central
parts whereas they are low to very low on the hill slopes. The dug wells generally
sustain pumping for 4 to 5 hours with yields of 50 to 150 m3/day. Recuperation of
water levels is generally slow.
The hydrogeological frame work of the area is essentially governed by geological
setting, distribution of rainfall and facilities of circulation and movement of water
through inter connected primary and secondary porosity of the geological units
forming the aquifers. The depth to water level in the district ranges between 2m to
about 20m during May 2012. Nearly 35 % area of the district is covered by the
water level of 2m to 5m bgl. Nearly 60 % of the area of the district has the water
levels between 5m to 10m bgl. The remaining area of the district (isolated patches)
i.e. 5% has the water level ranging between 10m to 20m bgl.
There are two isolated pockets which show the water level of less than 2m (7 %). In
the major part of the district (47%) the water level ranges between 2 m and 5 m bgl.
Also the water level ranges between 5 m and 10 m bgl in the area is 41%. There is
one another patch which shows the water level ranges from 10 m to 20 m(5%). The
major aquifers in the district are formed by alluvium and Deccan trap basalt with
Tertiary formations occupying a small patch. The alluvium occurs in the form of
channel fill deposits (124 Sq Km) and flood plain deposits (298 Sq. Km) in north
eastern part of the district and along the streams whereas in eastern parts
weathered and fractured basalt form aquifers. Based on the geological formation
the area can be divided broadly into two hydrogeological units: 1. Fissure
Formations 2. Porous Formation.
Ground water level data for a monitoring well collected from CGWB located in
Bhurvel (Ukai), Songadh Block, Tapi District observation well indicates that the
deepest water level is 10.9 m bgl during May 2015 and shallowest water level is 1.1
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m bgl during November 2011. The season wise ground water level data collected
for Bhurvel (Ukai), monitoring well is given in below.
Figure 4-37 Bhurvel Observation well (CGWB) Ground Water Level (BGL)
The occurrence of ground water in the study area (10 km radius) has been studied
in detail by collecting the water level from 5 well (CGWB Observation wells). The
depth of the wells ranges from 20 m to 90 m. The yield of the wells varies between
100 to 220 liters / minutes. Based on the data collected from the CGWB, Ground
water level contours have been constructed for pre and post monsoon periods.
Pre-monsoon Ground water level:
The ground water level zone of pre-monsoon clearly depicts that the water level
varies between 3.9 to 9.5 m. The ground water level zone map of pre-monsoon
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shows that the water level ranging between 3-5 m occupies majority of the area.
The project site is falls partly in 3-5 and part in 5-7 m range zone during pre-
monsoon period. The ground water level zone map of pre-monsoon is presented in
Figure 4.38.
Figure 4-38 Ground water level zone Pre-Monsoon
Post monsoon Ground water level:
The ground water level zone of post monsoon clearly depicts that the water level
varies between 3.3 to 7.1 m. The ground water level zone map of post monsoon
shows that the water level ranging between 3-5 m occupies majority of the area.
The project site is falls fully in 3-5 m range. The 3-5 m ground water level zone
increased in the post monsoon period due the rainfall recharge. It clearly indicates
the natural recharge and the recharge from the other sources such as river
increased the ground water level in the study area. The ground water level zone
map of Post monsoon is presented in Figure 4.39
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Figure 4-39 Ground Water level zone Post-Monsoon
4.13.4 Movement of Ground Water
The movement of ground water is controlled by the hydraulic conductivity of the
aquifer and hydraulic gradient. In study area the hydraulic conductivity is mainly
based on the primary and secondary porosity. The homogeneity of the weathered
zone plays a vital role in the movement of the ground water. In the study area the
formations is heterogeneous in nature. Based on the water level data (Pre and Post
monsoon) the ground water table has been constructed for the Pre and Post
monsoon periods.
The ground water table contour depicts that the flow is in the east both the
seasons. The hydraulic gradient in the project site is moderate to high and has
been observed as 5.6 m/Km in pre monsoon and 4.8 m/Km in post monsoon.
Ground water mound is noticed in the in the south western side of the study area
at Songadh which indicates the divergent flow of ground water. High hydraulic
gradient is noticed in the above area. From the project site the ground water flows
towards North east. The ground water table constructed for the study area is
presented in Figure 4.39 and 4.40.
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Figure 4-40 Ground Water Table Pre-Monsoon
Figure 4-41 Ground Water Table Post-Monsoon
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4.13.5 Ground Water Quality
Selected water quality parameters of ground water resources within the study area
have been considered for assessing the water environment. To assess the ground
water quality of the study area, eight (8) ground water sampling locations were
selected. These samples were collected as grab samples and were analyzed for
various parameters. About 33 water quality parameters were analyzed. The water
sampling locations are listed below in Table 4.22 and the photographs of
groundwater sampling is presented in the Figure 4.42 and Map of the Study Area
showing the locations of the sampling locations are presented in the Figure 4.43.
Table 4.23 gives the results of ground water analysis for the samples collected
from various locations in the Study Area
Table 4-22 Ground Water Sampling Location Details
Location Code
Location Co -ordinates
GW 1 Irrigated Area 21° 12' 15"N 73° 33' 8"E
GW 2 Banglifoliya 21° 11' 37"N 73° 35' 6"E
GW 3 Bardipada 21° 11' 35"N 73° 33' 27"E
GW 4 Moti Khervan 21° 12' 55"N 73° 31' 51"E
GW 5 Songarh 21°11' 16"N 73° 34' 15"E
GW 6 Achhalva 21°10' 34"N 73° 30' 39"E
GW 7 Patharda 21° 14' 25"N 73° 33' 44"E
GW 8 Bhimpura 21° 12' 51"N 73° 34' 58"E
Figure 4-42Photographs of Groundwater Sampling
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Irrigated Area Moti Khevan
Songadh Achhalva
Patharda Bhimpura
GW-1 (Irrigated area) near the plant site represents the sampling location where
treated wastewater is utilized for land irrigation.
Figure 4-43Ground Water Quality Monitoring Sampling Locations in the Study Area
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Table 4-23Analyzed Ground Water Quality for Various parameters in the Study Area
SI.No Parameter Unit GW1 GW2 GW3 GW4 GW5 GW6 GW7 GW 8
IS 10500:2012
Standard (Permissible)
1. pH (at 25 0C) -- 7.98 7.20 7.89 8.21 7.79 8.01 7.58 7.87 6.5 to 8.5
2. Colour Hazen *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL 15
3. Turbidity NTU *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL 5
4. Odour -- Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable -
5. Taste -- Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable -
6. Total Hardness as CaCO3
mg/l 253.31 278.35 315.64 289.36 315.32 315.22
278.32 335.01 600
7. Calcium as Ca mg/l 60.10 66.50 61.90 71.69 61.97 68.97 64.21 70.20 200
8. Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l 201.23 248.00 271.70 305.40 320.00 316.35 302.00 298.21 600
9. Chloride as Cl mg/l 95.23 58.87 52.29 105.0 116.48 88.51 88.00 70.20 1000
10. Cyanide as CN mg/l *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL -
11. Magnesium as Mg mg/l 25.11 27.32 39.17 26.84 35.05 34.78 28.70 33.52 100
12. Total Dissolved Solids
mg/l 378.00 425.00 351.21 605.00 670.00 515.00
548.00 410.00 2000
13. Sulphate as SO4 mg/l 35.00 22.56 16.68 59.00 55.64 38.49 40.20 47.32 400
14. Fluoride as F mg/l 0.35 0.58 0.35 0.45 0.37 0.54 0.44 0.36 1.5
15. Nitrate as NO3 mg/l 8.39 9.10 6.12 10.36 14.65 22.36 7.50 19.64 45
16. Iron as Fe mg/l 0.18 0.23 0.18 0.35 0.24 0.25 0.24 0.24 0.3
17. Aluminium as Al mg/l *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL 0.2
18. Boron mg/l *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL 1
19. Total Chromium as Cr
mg/l *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL 0.05
20. Conductivity µS/cm 638 686 585 1010 1116 858 913 690 -
21. Phenolic Compounds
mg/l *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL 0.002
22. Mineral Oil mg/l *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL 0.5
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23. Anionic Detergents as MBAS
mg/l *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL -
24. Zinc as Zn mg/l 0.65 0.56 0.28 0.42 0.88 0.58 0.46 0.65 15
25. Copper as Cu mg/l *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL 0.26 *BDL *BDL *BDL 1.5
26. Manganese as Mn mg/l *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL 0.3
27. Cadmium as Cd mg/l *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL 0.003
28. Lead as Pb mg/l *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL 0.01
29. Selenium as Se mg/l *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL 0.01
30. Arsenic as As mg/l *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL 0.05
31. Mercury as Hg mg/l *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL 0.001
32. Total Coliform MPN/100ml <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 -
33. E. Coli MPN/100ml Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent -
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Observations: The analysis results of ground water samples indicate that the
average pH ranged in between 7.2 to 8.2 which are within the permissible range of
6.5 to 8.5 as per the drinking water standards stipulated by CPCB. TDS ranged
from 351.21 mg/l to 670 mg/l. Total hardness was found to be in the range of
253.31 mg/l to 335 mg/l. The heavy metal concentration was found to be Below
Detectable Limit and fluoride concentrations were observed to be in the ranges of
0.35 mg/l to 0.58 mg/l. Chloride concentration was found in the range of 52.29
mg/l to 116.48 mg/l. Iron content was found to be in the range of 0.18 mg/l to
0.35 mg/l. The analysis results were compared with the standards for drinking
water as per IS: 10500 –2012 “Specification for drinking Water”, all the above
stated values are well within the standard stipulated norms and the analysis report
is enclosed as Annexure 17.
4.14 Ecological Environment
Ecology provides information about the benefits of ecosystems and how we can use
Earth's resources in ways that leave the environment healthy for future
generations. Ecological evaluation aims at developing and applying methodologies
to assess the relevance of an area for nature conservation. As such, it is to support
the assessment of the impact of a proposed development by providing guidance on
how to describe the ecological features within the area affected, how to value them,
and how to predict the value losses caused by the development.
However, limited efforts have been made in the last decade to improve the
frameworks for ecological evaluation and to adapt them specifically to the evolving
procedure of EIA. As a result, the assessment of the ecological component within
EISs (Environment Impact Statements) tends to be flawed, and to provide
conclusions poorly supported by evidences and by clear rationales.
The weakness of the analysis of ecological impacts, such as the loss and the
fragmentation of natural ecosystems, limits the influence of these issues on the
decision-making process. Ecological consequences are bound to play a minor role
in the authorization of a development because their relevance is not sufficiently
stressed and justified in the EIS. This is particularly evident for developments
affecting urban or man dominated landscapes, i.e., areas usually devoid of features
with a striking ecological significance. The lack of a framework to support a sound
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ecological evaluation causes such areas to be simply overlooked, opening the way
to uncontrolled impacting activities.
The challenge for ecological research is to improve the guidance provided to impact
analyses so as to encourage good practice within EISs, and to eventually
strengthen the consideration of ecological issues in the decision-making
concerning new projects. To this end, the application of ecological evaluation to EIA
has been chosen as the subject of this research. The evaluation of the ecological
significance of an area can be undertaken from different perspectives, and
consequently with different objectives. One of such perspectives focuses on the
conservation of the biological diversity, or biodiversity. This has recently emerged
as a key environmental issue to be accounted for in land-use planning:
“Biodiversity is now a major driving force behind efforts to reform land
management and development practices worldwide and to establish a more
harmonious relationship between people and nature”. Projects represent artificial
elements that cut through the landscape and interfere with the natural habitat
conditions. This in turn influences the abundance and distribution of plant and
animal species, i.e., the biodiversity of the areas impacted.
4.14.1 Necessity of Ecology Management Plan
Monitoring the influence of anthropogenic activities on flagship species is an
important part of conserving biodiversity, because the information gained is crucial
for the development and adaptation of conservation management plans. Ecological
monitoring provides feedback about the actual environmental impacts of a project.
Monitoring results help judge the success of mitigation measures in protecting the
environment. They are also used to ensure compliance with environmental
standards, and to facilitate any needed project design or operational changes.
Regulatory bodies worldwide are increasingly recognizing the fact that human
activities are causing environmental and ecological damage. To effectively deal with
this environmental crisis, it is important to understand its dimensions and
dynamics. What specifically are the damages, how are they changing over time,
and the best means of prevention or mitigation. To develop precise ecology
management plan, longer-term programs of monitoring and research must be
designed and implemented. Such programs are capable of detecting environmental
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and ecological change over large areas, and of developing an understanding of the
causes and consequences of those changes.
4.14.2 Objectives of Ecological Monitoring
To evaluate the prevailing ecological status of the habitats adjacent to the
existing mill
To evaluate positive impacts of greenbelt developed by JKPL
To assess the impact of proposed expansion on flora, avifauna and
mammals
To ascertain the migratory routes of fauna, presence of breeding grounds
and sensitive habitats in the study area, if any;
To recommend suitable environment management plan to minimize any
adverse impact on adjacent area due to the proposed developments.
To understand the ecology of the water bodies;
To assess the presence of protected areas in the study area;
Impact prediction based on primary and secondary data sources to
formulate mitigation measures.
4.14.3 General Ecology and types of Forests and Flora
Tapi district has dry moist deciduous forest. It includes a number of habitats.
Apart from, there is dense forest border of Dangs, Narmda District of Gujarat state
and Nandurbar District of Maharashtra state; Grasslands; Wetlands; Hills which
covered most of forest areas; Rivers like Tapi, Midoda, Purna and Ambika;
Water bodies likes Ukai Dam on Tapi river and Doswada Dam on Midoda river;
Farms which also includes cultivated plants and aquatic plants specimens; and
also have rocky areas.
Phyto-geographically the region is enriched with a diverse flora with a large
degree of endemism and harbours a variety of species. Plants show excessive
growth in many forest areas like Serula forest, Hindla, Malangdev, Vadirupgadh
of Songadh taluka and Bardipada, Zakhari of Vyara taluka, where soil fertility and
higher water table perhaps influence the growth of vegetation. Sandip et al., (2015)
reported in their flowering plant list in the Tapi district that a total of 698 species
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and 5 varieties belonging to 592 genera and 119 families of flowering plants
have been recorded for the district. Dicots represented by 565 species belong to
379 genera and 95 families while Monocots represented by 138 species belongs to
102 genera and 24 families. Out of 119 families, 55 are represented by single
genus each and 43 are represented by single species each. Fabaceae and
Asteraceae are largest families among the dicots while Poaceae and Cyperaceae are
largest families among the monocots which are poorly represented. A total of 703
species of flowering plants, 318 species are herbs, 176 species are trees, 125
species are shrubs and 84 species are climbers.
According to the revised classification of forest types, by Champion and Seth
(1968), the study area has four types of forests. The major parts of the forests,
lying towards the north-east and south-east region fall under the type,
3B/C1c Slightly Moist Teak Forests and 5A/Clb Dry Teak Forests. These
types are not defined by distinct topographical features. They may occur in one
and the same locality within a short distance. The former is generally
confined to valleys and plains where soil and sub-soil moisture are favorable.
The latter type is mostly found on the poor soils of hills and area is
subjected to biotic interferences. The information about these forest types is
mentioned as under:
3B/Clc - Slightly Moist Teak Forests - This is a mixed deciduous forest with teak
usually forming about 30 per cent of the forest. Under storey of bamboo
(Dendrocalamus strictus) is a characteristic feature of the forest. Occurrence of
woody climbers is a common feature. The forest is distinguishable into different
canopies. 5A/Cib - Dry Teak Forests - This is a mixed dry deciduous forest
with teak usually forming the major proportion of the area. These forests are
found on dry and shallow soil, undulating ground and plateaus of the hills.
Sporadic growth of marvel bamboo (Dendrocalamus strictus) is found in a few
pockets. The characteristic species are teak and its common associate.
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Figure 4-44 Forest Blocks in the Study Area
Forest in the study area
4.14.4 Survey Methodology
4.14.4.1 Flora Survey
All accessible sites will be identified within the study area of 10km such that the
ecosystems and land-use types are represented accordingly. The prediction of
impacts on flora and fauna depends on understanding of the proposed project
activities, its magnitude/extent, scale and ecological conditions in the surrounding
area. Collection of rapid baseline information on flora and fauna is therefore a
prerequisite for assessment of impacts of the development activities. All the
accessible and identified sites will be divided into four zones with respect to their
distance from the project site: Zone I - sites which fall in the project site i.e. core
zone, Zone II mention the boundary of core zone to 5KM and Zone III indicate 5 KM
to 10KM. All the three Zones of lands would be mapped for their biological
diversity.
Diversity assessment for different plant species and the analysis of Rare –Endemic
– Endangered and Threatened flora was carried out. At each site, a study of floral
diversity was carried out in the following manner. A quadrant of approximately 20
m x 20 m was marked. The species of trees, shrubs and large climbers, as well as
the number of individuals of each species, falling within this area were noted. A
quadrant of approximately 5 m x 5 m was marked within this larger quadrate. The
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species of herbs, both grasses and forbs, and the number of individuals of each
species, falling within this area were noted. Smaller quadrate of 1m x 1 m for the
more prolifically-growing larger herbs, and 10 cm x 10 cm, for prolifically-growing
minute herbs, were employed when required. During the survey, a random
observation based on the topo map and also Google map is made for village side,
road side, hillocks (RFs) and near the agriculture. The sampling points are selected
to gather maximum primary information. General Interviews were made with the
local people about the native animals and medicinal plants that are used
frequently. A thorough review is made about each sampling point and spent about
10 to 20 minutes at each sampling point and documented the flora and fauna in
the prescribed formats. Photographs were taken during the field visit covers
vegetation structure and given in Figure 4.45.
Figure 4-45 Vegetation Structure
Flora and Fauna Observation at Core Zone and Buffer Zone
4.14.4.2 Pre-Site Work Plan
Details of the project was collected from the EIA coordinator before starting
the field trip and discussed the probable impact on the local flora and fauna
though the present activity and the extension of the project. Secondary data
collected from published papers (see references) on Flora and fauna components of
the study area. A thorough revision on ecological and biodiversity aspects of the
region was also gathered through web sites. Published working plan data
containing the list of flora and fauna, area specific details, related to road, rail
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network, drainage pattern, contour, forest type, forest cover, land use and
land cover of the proposed capacity of expansion unit area are collected
Equipment / Instruments deployed:
Quadrates/Measuring Tape
Measuring tapes
Maps
GPS
Camera
Binocular and
Plankton net
A detailed study in has been carried out to cross check the list taken from
secondary source and local villagers. In case of vertebrate species, no sampling
could be done. Depending on as and when sighted, the species will be recorded if
found within the delimited project and buffer areas, the animal species are listed
on secondary data and circumstances evidence besides direct observations. These
techniques are accepted in EIA studies as per the EIA Notification of 2006.
Observations made on direct and indirect evidences for mammalian, avifauna and
reptilian fauna within the study area. Analyses of Scheduled species identify
Habitat/microhabitat diversity in the project site and surrounding areas within
10Km range from the site. Flora and fauna studies were carried out during 26th –
29th September 2018 to assess the list of terrestrial plant and animal species that
occur in the core zone and the buffer zone up to 10 km distance from the core zone
boundary. The biodiversity of the survey area was then evaluated in terms of
Species richness of the woody flora and the avifauna, percentage frequency,
abundance and density of each floral species, and Evenness.
The ecological survey locations were given in Figure 4.46. Terrestrial ecological
survey details in Latitude, Longitude provided in the Table 4.24.
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Figure 4-46 Google Map Showing Ecology Survey Locations
Table4-24 Survey Locations of Terrestrial Ecology
Location Latitude Longitude
Zone – I : Core zone project area
1 21°12'34.22"N 73°34'30.08"E
2 21°12'25.72"N 73°34'21.03"E
3 21°12'22.53"N 73°34'18.48"E
4 21°12'15.65"N 73°34'28.05"E
5 21°12'29.37"N 73°34'30.77"E
6 21°12'39.53"N 73°34'31.81"E
7 21°12'35.51"N 73°34'16.82"E
8 21°12'45.69"N 73°34'35.59"E
Zone – II : Project area boundary to 5 km radius
9 21°13'26.93"N 73°33'51.09"E
10 21°13'43.18"N 73°34'53.20"E
11 21°13'23.77"N 73°35'14.14"E
12 21°13'17.31"N 73°35'28.10"E
13 21°12'35.35"N 73°35'5.17"E
14 21°11'58.59"N 73°35'8.03"E
15 21°11'38.14"N 73°34'10.94"E
16 21°12'56.94"N 73°33'32.60"E
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Location Latitude Longitude
17 21°14'5.21"N 73°34'44.19"E
18 21°14'52.80"N 73°34'54.55"E
19 21°14'33.15"N 73°33'40.39"E
20 21°13'48.67"N 73°33'12.88"E
21 21°12'52.67"N 73°32'32.71"E
22 21°11'38.37"N 73°32'19.36"E
23 21° 9'59.83"N 73°34'8.76"E
24 21°11'23.84"N 73°35'40.14"E
Zone – III : Boundary of 5km to 10 km radius
25 21°16'15.94"N 73°34'4.83"E
26 21°15'6.51"N 73°32'23.77"E
27 21°14'27.86"N 73°31'5.25"E
28 21°13'3.71"N 73°30'40.29"E
29 21°11'22.13"N 73°31'38.10"E
30 21°10'24.42"N 73°32'23.14"E
31 21° 9'45.54"N 73°36'16.13"E
32 21°10'26.87"N 73°36'59.94"E
33 21°16'43.57"N 73°31'46.14"E
34 21°15'45.00"N 73°31'12.56"E
35 21°15'14.47"N 73°30'30.90"E
36 21°13'38.76"N 73°29'36.29"E
37 21°12'7.39"N 73°29'51.44"E
38 21° 8'11.69"N 73°32'3.15"E
39 21° 8'36.47"N 73°37'1.39"E
40 21° 9'49.78"N 73°38'5.41"E
4.14.5 Quantitative Analysis of Vegetation
Plot-based random quadrate sampling method was adopted to generate the
Phytosociological data viz., density, frequency, abundance and important value
index (IVI). Quadrates of 20 m x 20 m size were laid out for the enumeration of the
tree species, quadrates of 5 m x 5 m for shrubs and saplings and quadrates of 1 m
x 1 m for herbs and seedlings.
Diameter at breast height (DBH) of 130 cm was consistently used during the
present study. In no case, the thicker part near branching position was
considered. Instead diameter of the tree having a branch at about 130 cm was
measured either below 30 cm from the branch or in case of all the stems above 30
cm from the branch and averaged.
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All individuals above 10 cm of girth at breast height (GBH) were considered as trees
and all individuals below 10 cm of GBH or 2 m of height as shrubs and saplings. In
each unit, presence or absence of the species, number of individuals of each
species, GBH (only for tree species) to estimate basal area of the tree species were
recorded.
Other ecological parameters viz., abundance, density, frequency, IVI, Shannon-
Wiener diversity index, Simpson’s dominance index, Abundance/Frequency (A/F)
ratio for distribution pattern of species and Similarity Index were derived from the
above basic data.
Frequency, density, abundance and basal area were calculated following Misra
(1968).
Number of sampling units in which a species occurs
Frequency: ____________________________________________________________________________X 100
Total number of sampling units studied
The frequency of individual species is the number of timesthe species occurs in the
sampling quadrant.
Total number of individuals in all sampling units
Density:____________________________________________________________
Total number of sampling units studied
Density is the measure of dense in the distribution of an individual species within
a given area.
Total number of individuals in all sampling units
Abundance: ______________________________________________________________
Total number of sampling units of occurrence
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Total basal area or crown
Dominance = ----------------------------------- X 100
Total area sampled
It reflects the species basal area covered by a species within the sampling area.
4.14.5.1 Relative Density and Dominance
The relative density and dominance values of different species found in the study
are shows that the dominant plants of various sites have a high percentage value of
density and dominance. These values are incorporated in calculating the
Importance value Index.
Number of individuals of a species
Relative density: ___________________________________________________________ X 100
Total number of individuals of all species
Number of occurrences of a species
Relative frequency: ______ X 100
Total number of occurrences of all species
Total basal area of individual species
Relative basal area: ________________________________________________________ X 100
Total basal areas of all species
Plot-based random quadrate sampling method was adopted to generate the
Phytosociological data viz., density, frequency, abundance and important value
index (IVI). Other ecological parameters viz., abundance, density, frequency, IVI,
Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Simpson’s dominance index,
Abundance/Frequency (A/F) ratio for distribution pattern of species and Similarity
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Index were derived from the above basic data. These indices are also been
calculated with statistical tools such as PAST and SPSS etc.
Aquatic environment: The phytoplankton and zooplankton reflect the productivity
of a water column at the primary and secondary levels, respectively.
Plankton: The plankton samples were collected from upstream and downstream of
Tapi River with a hand net (having 0.10 m2 mouth areas and 300 µm mesh size).
All the samples were preserved in 5% neutralized formaldehyde solution. Different
plankton taxa were sorted, identified and enumerated under stereoscopic zoom
binocular microscope. The number were calculated for the whole samples and
given for 100m3 of water.
Figure 4-47Plankton sampling at upstream and downstream of Tapi river
4.14.6 Results
4.14.6.1 Aquatic Ecology
Distribution, percentage and species composition of Zooplankton
Aquatic environment studies were carried out in two location one in the upstream
and second one in the downstream of the Tapi River the observation and
identification of Phytoplankton and Zooplankton during present study revealed
that in the Phytoplankton consists of 4 different groups Chlorophyceae,
Cyanophyceae, Bacillariophyceae and Dinophyceae. There were 3 systematic
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positions of zooplankton were recorded in the River viz, Rotifera, Copepoda and
Larval forms.
Phytoplankton
Pediastrum sp. Pediastrum sp. Pediastrum sp.
Microcystis Fragilaria sp. Oocystis sp.
Zooplankton
Rotifers Rotifers Rotifers
Copepoda Nauplius of Copepoda Veliger larva
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4.14.6.2 Flora and Fauna
The published literature studies reports are used for finalize the list of core and
buffer zone species. Secondary data compared with the existing sighted species in
the study areas. The flora and fauna lists also cross checked with the local
communities. An effort has been made to identify the impacts of the proposed
expansion of paper mill at different stages. Floral and faunal resources used by
local communities such as timber, medicinal etc are also collected. The mitigation
measures were suggested and conservation of Scheduled species (if any) has been
given.
4.14.6.3 General Characteristics of floral diversity
The flora of study area was represented by Alstonina scholaris, Tectona grandis,
Tectona casappa, Pithacelobiam dulce, Azadirachta indica, Cocus nucifera, Ficus
sp. Albizia lebeckk, Tamarindus indica, Gmnelina arborea, Buchnania lanzan,
Madhuca indica, Caria arborea, Terminalia chebula, Diospyros melanoxylon over
large area. There were number of agriculture fields around project site. In general,
flora in North East part of study area was observed to be rich due to Tapi River.
Overall 60 trees and 18 shrub species were recorded during present survey. The
flora of study area was represented by agriculture crops large area. Major area in
the vicinity of project site was Eucalyptus farms. However, thick greenbelt in
housing colony maintain by JKPML mill exhibited diverse flora.
JKPL has developed large number of acres of thick greenbelt inside and around
existing paper mill. Dominant species planted are Eucalyptus, Casuarina
equisetifolia, Peltophorum pterocarpum, Azadiracta indica, Delonix regia,
Mangifera indica, Cocos nucifera, Ficus spp, Polyalthia longifolia, Palms and
Bougainvilla.
Saplings are raised using cultivation methods like cuttings and cloning methods.
Saplings raised in JKPL nursery have been supplied all over Gujarat. Saplings are
provided to individual farmers as well as to forest dept.
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4.14.7 Project site Greenbelt
The proposed project site was full of dense vegetation due to the plantation of
Eucalyptus. JKPL Unit CPM have developed thick plantation area over 120 acres in
the existing mill area. JKPML planted Eucalyptus, Casuarina, Subabul, Leucaena
leucocephala, Pongamia, Tectona grandis and Terminalia, Sizidium cumini and
Bamboosa. Besides the existing green cover, JKPL is also planning to develop 10
acres of greenbelt Post MEP
Core Zone I: Within the core area, 8 Locations were selected to quantify the data
of flora. Floral density at core zone of project site was observed to be very low due
to greenbelt development program full of plantations, Eucalyptus sp. However, the
diversity was Low there were 17 species were recorded in the core. Azadirachta
indica, Cadamba lamarckiana, Delonix regia, Casuarina equisetifolia, Ployalthia
longifolia, Eucalyptus leptophylla, Leucana leucophila, Mangifera indica, Plumaria
alba, were observed commonly Tectona grandis wheras Moringa oleifera, Plumaria
alba, Roystonia regia, Syzygium cumini, Terminalia catappa, Thevatia nerifolia and
Cordia Sebesten were observed with less frequency. However, natural species also
occur gregariously. Shannon index value 2.959 proved that diversity is moderate.
This thick green cover has provided suitable nesting and roosting sites for variety
of bird species. Dominant avifauna observed was Myna, House sparrow, Common
crow, Greater Coucal, Baya weavers, lapwings, Babblers and Bulbuls.
Figure 4-48Plantations Green cover inside Existing Mill and their clonal plant
production center (Nursery area)
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Table 4-25 Density, abundance and frequency of occurrence of flora in the zone I
Sl No Scientific Name Family Frequency Abundance Density
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1 Laucana leucocephala Fabaceae
16.67 1.000 25.0
2 Grevillea robusta Proteaceae
20.83 1.400 35.0
3 Mangifera indica Anacardiaceae
4.17 2.000 50.0
4 Guazuma tomentosa Malvaceae
12.50 0.667 16.7
5 Ficus religiosa Moraceae
29.17 1.000 25.0
6 Polyalthia longifolia Annonaceae
25.00 1.000 25.0
7 Terminalia bellerica Combretaceae 16.67 1.750 43.8
8 Tectona grandis Lamiaceae 37.50 0.889 22.2
9 Cadamba lamarkiana Rubiaceae
8.33 1.000 25.0
10 Samanya saman Fabaceae
29.17 1.143 28.6
11
Casuarina equisetifoliuma
Casuarinaceae 16.67 3.750 93.8
12 Cocus nucifera Arecaceae
12.50 0.667 16.7
13 Ficus benghalensis Moraceae
29.17 1.143 28.6
14 Pithecellobium dulce Fabaceae
8.33 1.500 37.5
15 Spathodia paniculata Bignoniaceae 41.67 2.900 72.5
16 Eucalyptus sp. Myrtaceae 16.67 1.250 31.3
17 Acacia auriculiformis Euphorbiaceae
25.00 1.833 45.8
18 Plumaria acutifolia Apocyanaceae
12.50 1.000 25.0
19
Peltophorum pterocarpum
Fabaceae 8.33 1.500 37.5
20 Cassia siamia Caesalpinaceae
20.83 0.800 20.0
21 Ficus hispeda Moraceae
37.50 1.444 36.1
22 Moringa oleifera Moringaceae
16.67 1.000 25.0
23 Azadirachta indica Meliaceae
12.50 1.333 33.3
Flora in Zone II – up to 5 km from Project Site
Zone II mainly comprised of Eucalyptus farms, Tapi river and villages agriculture
fields. Roadside flora in villages was dominated by Aam (Mangifera indica),
Azadiracta indica, Shaja (Terminalia tomentosa), Dhabra (Anogeissu satifolia),
Haldu (Adina cordifolia), Bija (Pterocarpus marsupium) Aam (Mangifera indica),
Amala (Embilca officinalis), Kendu (Diospyros melanoxylon), Terminalia catappa,
Pongamia pinnata, Tamarindus indica, Ficus spp etc.
Table 4-26 Density, abundance and frequency of occurrence of flora in the zone II
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Sl No Scientific Name Family Frequency Abundance Density
1 Guazuma tomentosa
Malvaceae 12.50 1.667 41.7
2 Ficus religiosa Moraceae 50.00 1.250 31.3
3 Polyalthia longifolia
Annonaceae 45.83 1.182 29.5
4 Terminalia bellerica
Combretaceae 16.67 1.750 43.8
5 Tectona grandis Lamiaceae 54.17 1.077 26.9
6 Cadamba lamarkiana
Rubiaceae 20.83 2.800 70.0
7 Samanya saman
Fabaceae
33.33 1.125 28.1
8 Casuarina equisetifoliuma
Casuarinaceae 50.00 1.250 31.3
9 Cocus nucifera Arecaceae 54.17 1.385 34.6
10 Ficus benghalensis
Moraceae 45.83 1.727 43.2
11 Pithecellobium dulce
Fabaceae 50.00 1.583 39.6
12 Spathodia paniculata
Bignoniaceae 12.50 2.333 58.3
13 Eucalyptus sp. Myrtaceae 16.67 2.000 50.0
14 Acacia auriculiformis
Euphorbiaceae 45.83 1.273 31.8
15 Plumaria acutifolia
Apocyanaceae 25.00 1.167 29.2
16 Peltophorum pterocarpum
Fabaceae 29.17 1.143 28.6
17 Cassia siamia Caesalpinaceae 33.33 1.375 34.4
18 Ficus hispeda Moraceae 25.00 1.167 29.2
19 Moringa oleifera Moringaceae 29.17 1.143 28.6
20 Azadirachta indica
Meliaceae 62.50 1.067 26.7
21 Acacia leucophloea
Fabaceae 41.67 1.300 32.5
22 Aegle marmelos Rutaceae 29.17 1.571 39.3
23 Ailanthus excelsa Simaroubaceae 33.33 1.250 31.3
24 Albizia labbeck Fabaceae 12.50 1.667 41.7
25 Albizia saman Fabaceae 25.00 1.167 29.2
26 Anacardium occidentale
Anacardiaceae 25.00 1.500 37.5
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Sl No Scientific Name Family Frequency Abundance Density
27 Artocarpus intigrifolia
Moraceae 45.83 1.273 31.8
28 Alstonia scholaris Apocyanaceae 41.67 1.100 27.5
29 Bambusa vulgaris
Poaceae 33.33 1.125 28.1
30 Bauhinia purpurea
Caesalpinaceae 50.00 1.167 29.2
31 Borassus flabelliber
Palmae 33.33 1.125 28.1
32 Buchanania lanzan
Anacardiaceae 29.17 1.143 28.6
33 Butea monosperma
Papilionaceae 25.00 1.333 33.3
34 Callistemon citrinus
Myrtaceae 20.83 1.400 35.0
35 Carica papaya Caricaceae 45.83 1.091 27.3
36 Cassia fistula Caesalpinaceae 33.33 1.125 28.1
37 Ceiba pendandra Bombacaceae 37.50 1.111 27.8
38 Citrus aurantifolia
Rutaceae 41.67 1.400 35.0
39 Citrus medica Rutaceae 45.83 1.455 36.4
40 Dalbergia sissoo Fabaceae 41.67 3.000 35.0
41 Delonix regia Fabaceae 45.83 1.273 31.8
42 Erythrina indica Fabaceae 16.67 1.500 37.5
43 Gmelina arborea. Lamiaceae 33.33 1.125 28.1
44 Kigelia africana Bignoniaceae 16.67 1.500 37.5
45 Madhuca indica Sapotaceae 29.17 1.286 32.1
46 Melia azadirachta
Meliaceae 25.00 1.167 29.2
47 Millingtonia hortensis
Bignoniaceae 25.00 1.333 33.3
48 Mitragyna parviflora
Rubiaceae 16.67 1.750 43.8
49 Murraya koenichii
Rutaceae 41.67 1.200 30.0
50 Musa paradisiaca
Musaceae 54.17 1.231 30.8
51 Phoenix sylvestrix
Arecaceae 41.67 1.100 27.5
52 Phyllanthus emblica
Euphorbiaceae 45.83 1.455 36.4
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Sl No Scientific Name Family Frequency Abundance Density
53 Psidium guyava Myrtaceae 66.67 1.063 26.6
54 Pongamia pinnata
Fabaceae 37.50 1.111 27.8
55 Prosobis juliflora Fabaceae 8.33 1.500 37.5
56 Semecarpus anacardium
Anacardiaceae 41.67 1.100 27.5
57 Syzigium cummuni
Myrtaceae 58.33 1.143 28.6
Flora of Zone III – 5 Km to 10 km from Project Site
Flora of Zone III was observed to be the plant species dominated Tectona grandis,
Albezia lebeckk, Shisham (Dalbergia latifolia), Bahera (Terminalia belerica), Shaja
(Terminalia tomentosa), Dhabra (Anogeissu satifolia), Haldu (Adina cordifolia),
Kahua (Terminalia arjuna), Bija (Pterocarpus marsupium), Aam (Mangifera
indica), Amala (Embilca officinalis), Kendu (Diospyros melanoxylon), Gunja
(Lannea grandis) and Kullu (Sterculia urens).
Table 4-27 Density, abundance and frequency of occurrence of flora in the zone III
Sl No Scientific
Name Family Frequency Abundance Density
1 Laucana leucocephala
Fabaceae 50.00 1.250 31.3
2 Grevillea robusta
Proteaceae
45.83 1.182 29.5
3 Mangifera indica Anacardiaceae 66.67 1.063 26.6
4 Guazuma tomentosa
Malvaceae 12.50 1.667 41.7
5 Ficus religiosa Moraceae 50.00 1.250 31.3
6 Polyalthia longifolia
Annonaceae 45.83 1.182 29.5
7 Terminalia bellerica
Combretaceae 16.67 1.750 43.8
8 Tectona grandis Lamiaceae 54.17 1.077 26.9
9 Cadamba lamarkiana
Rubiaceae 20.83 2.800 70.0
10 Samanya Fabaceae 33.33 1.125 28.1
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Sl No Scientific
Name Family Frequency Abundance Density
saman
11 Casuarina equisetifoliuma
Casuarinaceae 50.00 1.250 31.3
12 Cocus nucifera Arecaceae 54.17 1.385 34.6
13 Ficus benghalensis
Moraceae 45.83 1.727 43.2
14 Pithecellobium dulce
Fabaceae 50.00 1.583 39.6
15 Spathodia paniculata
Bignoniaceae 12.50 2.333 58.3
16 Eucalyptus sp. Myrtaceae 16.67 2.000 50.0
17 Acacia auriculiformis
Euphorbiaceae 45.83 1.273 31.8
18 Plumaria acutifolia
Apocyanaceae 25.00 1.167 29.2
19 Peltophorum pterocarpum
Fabaceae 29.17 1.143 28.6
20 Cassia siamia Caesalpinaceae 33.33 1.375 34.4
21 Ficus hispeda Moraceae 25.00 1.167 29.2
22 Moringa oleifera Moringaceae 29.17 1.143 28.6
23 Azadirachta indica
Meliaceae 62.50 1.067 26.7
24 Acacia leucophloea
Fabaceae 41.67 1.300 32.5
25 Aegle marmelos Rutaceae 29.17 1.571 39.3
26 Ailanthus excelsa
Simaroubaceae 33.33 1.250 31.3
27 Albizia labbeck Fabaceae 12.50 1.667 41.7
28 Albizia saman Fabaceae 25.00 1.167 29.2
29 Anacardium occidentale
Anacardiaceae 25.00 1.500 37.5
30 Artocarpus intigrifolia
Moraceae 45.83 1.273 31.8
31 Alstonia scholaris
Apocyanaceae 41.67 1.100 27.5
32 Bambusa vulgaris
Poaceae 33.33 1.125 28.1
33 Bauhinia purpurea
Caesalpinaceae 50.00 1.167 29.2
34 Borassus flabelliber
Palmae 33.33 1.125 28.1
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Sl No Scientific
Name Family Frequency Abundance Density
35 Buchanania lanzan
Anacardiaceae 29.17 1.143 28.6
36 Butea monosperma
Papilionaceae 25.00 1.333 33.3
37 Callistemon citrinus
Myrtaceae 20.83 1.400 35.0
38 Carica papaya Caricaceae 45.83 1.091 27.3
39 Cassia fistula Caesalpinaceae 33.33 1.125 28.1
40 Ceiba pendandra
Bombacaceae 37.50 1.111 27.8
41 Citrus aurantifolia
Rutaceae 41.67 1.400 35.0
42 Citrus medica Rutaceae 45.83 1.455 36.4
43 Dalbergia sissoo Fabaceae 41.67 3.000 35.0
44 Delonix regia Fabaceae 45.83 1.273 31.8
45 Erythrina indica Fabaceae 16.67 1.500 37.5
46 Gmelina arborea.
Lamiaceae 33.33 1.125 28.1
47 Kigelia africana Bignoniaceae 16.67 1.500 37.5
48 Madhuca indica Sapotaceae 29.17 1.286 32.1
49 Melia azadirachta
Meliaceae 25.00 1.167 29.2
50 Millingtonia hortensis
Bignoniaceae 25.00 1.333 33.3
51 Mitragyna parviflora
Rubiaceae 16.67 1.750 43.8
52 Murraya koenichii
Rutaceae 41.67 1.200 30.0
53 Musa paradisiaca
Musaceae 54.17 1.231 30.8
54 Phoenix sylvestrix
Arecaceae 41.67 1.100 27.5
55 Phyllanthus emblica
Euphorbiaceae 45.83 1.455 36.4
56 Psidium guyava Myrtaceae 66.67 1.063 26.6
57 Pongamia pinnata
Fabaceae 37.50 1.111 27.8
58 Prosobis juliflora Fabaceae 8.33 1.500 37.5
59 Semecarpus anacardium
Anacardiaceae 41.67 1.100 27.5
60 Syzigium Myrtaceae 58.33 1.143 28.6
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Sl No Scientific
Name Family Frequency Abundance Density
cummuni
61 Tamarindus indica
Fabaceae 50.00 1.167 29.2
62 Terminalia tomentosa
Combretaceae 25.00 1.167 29.2
63 Thespesia grandiflora
Malvaceae 25.00 1.500 37.5
64 Thespesia populnea
Malvaceae 25.00 1.167 29.2
Figure 4-49 Photographs shows various Flora species observed in the study area
Amaranthus viridis Phyllanthus niruri
Calotrophis procera Ficus hispida and Lantana camera
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Plumaria alba Delonix regia
Leucaena leucocephloea Melia azadirachta
Table 4-28 List of ground level storey herbaceous species observed in the study area
Sl No Scientific Name Family Common/Local
Name
HERBS
1 Abutilon indicum Malvaceae Khangi
2 Acalypha indica Euphorbiaceae Kuppi
3 Achyranthes aspera Amaranthaceae Chirchita
4 Amaranthus viridis Amaranthaceae
5 Argemone mexicana Papaveraceae Satyanashi
6 Aristida setacea Poaceae ---
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Sl No Scientific Name Family Common/Local
Name
7 Atylosia scarabaeodes Fabaceae ---
8 Barleria caspidata Acanthaceae ---
9 Cassia occidentalis Fabaceae Kasunda
10 Catharamthus roseus Apocyanaceae Sadabahar
11 Cleome viscosa Capparaceae Bahra
12 Cleome gynandra Capparaceae Safed bahro
13 Cyanodon dactylon Poaceae Duba
14 Cyperus rotundus Cyperaceae Bara nagar
15 Datura metel Solanaceae Safed Dhatura
16 Dolichus biflorus Fabaceae Horse gram
17 Eragratis viscose Poaceae ---
18 Euphorbia hirta Euphorbiaceae Bara Dudhi
19 Hygrophila auriculata Acanthaceae Bhankari
20 Mimosa pedica Mimosaceae Lajakuli
21 Mirabilis jalapa Nyctaginaceae Gulabbas
22 Ocimum sanctum Lamiaceae Tulsi
23 Ocimum tenuiflorum Lamiaceae Tulsi
24 Panicum humile Poaceae ---
25 Parthenium hysterophorus Asteraceae Gajar ghas
26 Pedilanthus tithymaloides Euphorbiaceae ----
27 Phyllanthus niruri Euphorbiaceae Bhui aonla
28 Sida cardifolia Malvaceae ---
29 Sida rhomboids Malvaceae Biskhabari
30 Tribulus terrestris Zygophyllaceae Gokharu
31 Tridox procumbans Asteraceae Khal muriya
32 Urginea indica Asparagaceae Ban piaz
Table 4-29 List of Shrub species observed in the study area
Sl No Scientific Name Family Common/Local
Name
SHRUBS
1 Annona squomosa Annonaceae Sitaphal
2 Bouhainvillea glabra Nyctaginaceae Bouhainvillea
3 Calotropis gigantica Asclepiadaceae Arakh
4 Calotropis procera Asclepiadaceae Arakh
5 Hibiscus rosasinensis Malvaceae Jasum
6 Ipomea reptans Convolvulaceae Amari
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7 Ixora coccinea Rubiaceae Lokhandi
8 Jatropha gossipifolia Euphorbiaceae Rabjada
9 Jatropha curcas Euphorbiaceae Rabjada
10 Justicia adhatoda Acanthaceae --
11 Morinda tinctoria Rubiaceae Aal
12 Lantana camera Asteraceae Raimunia
13 Nerium oleander Apocyanaceae Kaner
14 Punica granatum Punicaceae Pomegranate
15 Ricinus communis Euphorbiaceae Erandi
16 Tecoma gaudichaudi Bignoniaceae --
17 Thevetia nurifolia Apocynaceae Pila Kaner
18 Vitex nigundo Verbinaceae Nirgundi
Table 4-30 List of Trees species observed in the study area (Buffer zone)
Sl No
Scientific Name Family Common/Local
Name
TREES
1 Acacia auriculiformis Euphorbiaceae Akasia / Glass tree
2 Acacia leucophloea Fabaceae ---
3 Aegle marmelos Rutaceae Bel
4 Ailanthus excelsa Simaroubaceae Mundayigatch
5 Albizia labbeck Fabaceae Saras
6 Albizia saman Fabaceae Vilaiti Saras
7 Anacardium occidentale Anacardiaceae Kaju
8 Artocarpus intigrifolia Moraceae Jack fruit
9 Alstonia scholaris Apocyanaceae ---
10 Azadirachta indica Meliaceae Nimba/Neem
11 Bambusa vulgaris Poaceae Bans
12 Bauhinia purpurea Caesalpinaceae Borda, Kuliari
13 Borassus flabelliber Palmae Tadd/Tal
14 Buchanania lanzan Anacardiaceae Char
15 Butea monosperma Papilionaceae Phalsa, Palas
16 Cadamba lamarkiana Rubiaceae Kadam
17 Callistemon citrinus Myrtaceae Bottle brush
18 Carica papaya Caricaceae Papeeta
19 Cassia fistula Caesalpinaceae Amaltas
20 Casuarina equisetifoliuma Casuarinaceae Jungli Saru
21 Cassia siamia Caesalpinaceae Kassod
22 Ceiba pendandra Bombacaceae Safed Semal
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Sl No
Scientific Name Family Common/Local
Name
23 Citrus aurantifolia Rutaceae Kaghzi Nimbu
24 Citrus medica Rutaceae Galgal
25 Cocus nucifera Arecaceae Nariyal
26 Dalbergia sissoo Fabaceae Sissoo
27 Delonix regia Fabaceae Gulmohar
28 Eucalyptus sp. Myrtaceae Nilgiri
29 Erythrina indica Fabaceae Panjara
30 Ficus benghalensis Moraceae Bar
31 Ficus religiosa Moraceae Pipal
32 Ficus hispeda Moraceae ---
33 Gmelina arborea. Lamiaceae ----
34 Guazuma tomentosa Malvaceae ----
35 Kigelia africana Bignoniaceae Sausage
36 Laucana leucocephala Fabaceae Safed babool
37 Madhuca indica Sapotaceae Mahua/Butter tree
38 Mangifera indica Anacardiaceae Amba/Mango
39 Melia azadirachta Meliaceae ----
40 Millingtonia hortensis Bignoniaceae Neem Chameli
41 Mitragyna parviflora Rubiaceae Mundi, Muid
42 Moringa oleifera Moringaceae Munga
43 Murraya koenichii Rutaceae Karry patta
44 Musa paradisiaca Musaceae Kelaa
45 Peltophorum pterocarpum Fabaceae Copper pod
46 Phoenix sylvestrix Arecaceae Khajur
47 Pithecellobium dulce Fabaceae Ganga imli
48 Phyllanthus emblica Euphorbiaceae Amlaa
49 Psidium guyava Myrtaceae Amrood
50 Plumaria acutifolia Apocyanaceae Pakoda tree
51 Polyalthia longifolia Annonaceae Ashok
52 Pongamia pinnata Fabaceae Karanj
53 Prosobis juliflora Fabaceae Babul[
54 Semecarpus anacardium Anacardiaceae Bhalia, Bheluan
55 Syzigium cummuni Myrtaceae Jamu
56 Tamarindus indica Fabaceae Imli
57 Tectona grandis Lamiaceae Teak
58 Terminalia bellerica Combretaceae Bahada
59 Terminalia tomentosa Combretaceae Asan, Sahaj
60 Thespesia grandiflora Malvaceae ---
61 Thespesia populnea Malvaceae Paras pipal
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4.14.8 Agriculture in the Study Area
Study area has fertile soils in most of the regions. River overcomes deficiency of
water to a certain extent. The cropping pattern of the study area is characterized
by diversified cropping patterns exist and no single crop claims a large share of the
gross cropped area. In canal fed areas Paddy occupies the largest area of
cultivation. Other crops grown in the region are sorghum, green gram, black gram
cotton, cattle fodder and vegetables like bhendi, brinjal, tomato and chilies etc.
Figure 4-50 Agriculture fields in the Study Area
Paddy Sorghum
Dhwar dhal Cotton
Table 4-31 List of Agriculture crops observed in the study area
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S. No Scientific Name Family Common
name
CROPS
1 Arachis hypogea Fabaceae Ground nut
2 Dolichos biflorus Fabaceae Horse gram
3 Oriza sativa Poaceae Paddy
4 Vigna mungo Fabaceae Black gram
5 Vigna radiate Fabaceae Green gram
6 Sorghum bicolor Poaceae Broom corn
HORTICULTURE CROP
7 Achras sapota, Sapotaceae Sapota
8 Citrus medica. Rutaceae Citrus
9 Mangifera indica Anacardiacece Mango
10 Musa acuminate Musaceae Banana
11 Psidium guyava Myrtaceae Guava
OTHER CROPS
12 Abelmoschus esculentus Malvaceae Bhendi
13 Capsicum annuum Solanaceae Chilli
14 Dolichos lablab Fabaceae Simba
15 Lycopersicon esculentum Solanaceae Tomato
16 Solanum melongena Salanaceae Brinjal
Table4-32 List of ecologically important plant species observed in the study area
Sl. No
Plant species Family Habit Status
1 Acacia catechu Leguminosae Tree Native
2 Aegele marmelos Rutaceae Tree Native
3 Albizia lebbeck Leguminosae Tree Native
4 Anogeissus latifolia Sappotaceae Tree Native
5 Bauhinia racemosa Leguminosae Tree Native
6 Bombax ceiba Malvaceae Tree Native
7 Bridelia retusa Euphorbiaceae Tree Native
8 Butea monosperma Leguminosae Tree Native
9 Carreya arborea Lecythedaceae Tree Native
10 Cassia fistula Leguminosae Tree Native
11 Dalbergia latifolia Leguminosae Tree Native
12 Dalbergia sisoo Leguminosae Tree Native
13 Diospyros Ebenaceae Tree Native
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Sl. No
Plant species Family Habit Status
melanoxylon
14 Ficus benghalensis Moraceae Tree Native
15 Ficus infectoria Moraceae Tree Native
16 Ficus religiosa Moraceae Tree Native
17 Gmelina arborea Verbenaceae Tree Native
18 Madhuca longifolia Euphorbiaceae Tree Native
19 Mangifera indica Anacardiaceae Tree Native
20 Pongamia pinnata Leguminosae Tree Native
21 Schleichera oleosa Sapindaceae Tree Native
22 Shorea robusta Dipterocarpaceae Tree Native
23 Sterculia urens Sterculiaceae Tree Native
24 Tectona grandis Verbenaceae Tree Native
25 Terminalia arjuna Combretaceae Tree Native
26 Terminalia belerica Combretaceae Tree Native
4.14.9 Faunal Diversity
4.14.9.1 Avifauna
Overall 63 species of birds were recorded from entire study area during this survey
period. House sparrow, Common crow, Rock Pigeon, Magpie Robin, Spotted Dove
and Baya Weaver were seen near villages. In the agriculture areas, large numbers
of Bee-eaters, Mynas, Larks, Lapwings, Kites and Drongos were observed. Black
Drongo, Ashy Drongo, Indian Roller, Bush Quail, Doves, Shrikes were observed in
dry land. Predators and accipiter like Pariah Kite, Black winged Kite, Common
Kestrel and Shikra were occasionally seen near farms and water bodies.
Majority of species were recorded near lake, other water bodies and river. However,
no migratory species were recorded during this study period. Detailed survey
during winter period migration season is required for precise observations on
avifauna. Species like Little Egret, Cattle Egret, Pond Heron, Little Cormorant,
Kingfishers and River Terns were commonly observed near Ukai Dam.
Figure 4-51 List of birds species observed in the study area
SL No. Scientific Name English name WPA
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SL No. Scientific Name English name WPA
1 Accipiter badius dussumieri Indian Shikra Sch-IV
2 Acridotheres tristis tristis Indian myna Sch-IV
3 Acritheres fuscus fuscus Jungle myna Sch-IV
4 Alcedo attahis bengalensis Small blue kingfisher Sch-IV
5 Apus affinis affinis Indian house swift Sch-IV
6 Ardeola grayii grayii Indian pond heron Sch-IV
7 Bubulcus ibis coromandus Cattle egret Sch-IV
8 Calidris minuta Little stint Sch-IV
9 Caprimulgus asiaticus asiaticus Indian little nightjar Sch-IV
10 Caprimulgus indicus indicus Indian jungle nightjar Sch-IV
11 Centropus sinensis parroti Crow peasant Sch-IV
12 Chalocophaps indica indica Indian emerald dove Sch-IV
13 Charadrius dubius ferdoni Indian little ringed plover
Sch-IV
14 Chrysocolaptes lucidus Golded head woodpecker
Sch-IV
15 Copsychus saularis saularis Indian magpie robin Sch-IV
16 Coracias benghalensis Northern roller Sch-IV
17 Corvus macrorhyachos culminates
Indian jungle crow Sch-IV
18 Corvus splendens splendens Indian house crow Sch-IV
19 Cuculus canorus canorus Cuckoo Sch-IV
20 Dendrocitta vagabunda vagabunda
Rufous treepie Sch-IV
21 Dicae agile agile Indian flower pecker Sch-IV
22 Dicrurus adsimilis macrocercus Black drongo or king crow
Sch-IV
23 Dicrurus leucophaeus longica udatus
Indian grey drongo Sch-IV
24 Eudynamys scolopacea scolopacea
Asian koel Sch-IV
25 Himantopus himantopus himantopus
Indian black winged stilt
Sch-IV
26 Lanius schach tricolor Black headed shrike Sch-IV
27 Merops lesshenaulti lesshenaulti Chestnut headed bee eater
Sch-IV
28 Merops orientalis orientalis Green bee eater Sch-IV
29 Nectarinia asiatica asiatica Indian purple sunbird Sch-IV
30 Nycticorax nycticorax nycticorax Night heron Sch-IV
31 Ocyceros birostris Indian Grey Hornbill Sch-IV
32 Oriolus oriolus kundoo Indian golden oriole Sch-IV
33 Oriolus xanthornus maderaspatanus
South Indian black headed oriole
Sch-IV
34 Orthotomus sutorius quzuratus Indian tailor bird Sch-IV
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SL No. Scientific Name English name WPA
35 Passer domesticus indicus Indian house sparrow Sch-IV
36 Pericrocotus flammeus East Indian minivet Sch-IV
37 Plocues philippinus Indian baya Weaver Sch-IV
38 Psittacula cyarocephala cyarocephala
Plum- headed parakeet Sch-IV
39 Psittacula krameri marillensis Rose- ringed parakeet Sch-IV
40 Saxicoloides fulicata erythrura Indian robin Sch-IV
41 Stretopelia chinensis suratensis Indian spotted dove Sch-IV
42 Stretopelia senegalensis Little brown dove Sch-IV
43 Sturnus contra contra Indian pied maina Sch-IV
44 Sturnus pagodarum Black headed myna Sch-IV
45 Tringa glareola Wood sandpiper Sch-IV
46 Tringa hypoleucos Common sand piper Sch-IV
47 Upupa epops ceylonensis Ceylon hoopee Sch-IV
48 Vanellus indicus indicus Red wattled lapwing Sch-IV
49 Netta rufina Red crested pochard Sch-IV
50 Copsychus savlaris Oirental magpie-robin Sch-IV
51 Elanus axillaris Black shouldered kite Sch-IV
52 Clamator jacobinus Pied cuckoo Sch-IV
53 Columbina passserina Comman Dove Sch-IV
54 Cypsivrus balasiensis Plam swift Sch-IV
55 Gracupra contra Asian pred startis Sch-IV
56 Bubulcus ibis Little egret Sch-IV
57 Microcarbo niger Little cormorant Sch-IV
58 Turdoides striata Jungle babbler Sch-IV
59 Halcyon smyrensis White breasted kingfisher
Sch-IV
60 Pseudibis papillosa Red naped ibis Sch-IV
61 Amaurornis phoenicarus White breasted waterhen
Sch-IV
62 Athene brama Spotted owlet Sch-IV
63 Spilopelia chinensis Spotted dove Sch-IV
Figure 4-52 various birds species observed in the study area
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Spotted Dove Baya weaver
Cattle Egret and Red nabbed Ibis Common myna
Black Shouldered Kite Pond Heron
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Shrike bird Indian Robin
Indian Bulbul House sparrow
4.14.9.2 Fauna
Mammals and Reptiles
Important Animals: Leopard, rhesus macaque, bonnet macaque, common
mongoose, Indian civat cat, Indian porcupine, four-horned antelope, barking deer,
sambar, chital, hyena, jungle cat, flying squirrel, python and lizards etc.
Important Birds: Common grey hornbill, grey jungle fowls, barbets, woodpeckers,
shrikes, bee-eaters, flycatchers and many raptors.
Table4-33Mammals in the study area (Buffer zone)
SL No.
English name Scientific Name Sch WPA
1 Spotted deer Axis axis Sch III
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SL No.
English name Scientific Name Sch WPA
2 Short-nosed fruit bat Cynopterus sphinx Sch V
3 Jungle cat Felis chous Sch II
4 Common palm squirrel
Funambulus palmarum Sch IV
5 Indian grey mongoose
Herpestes edwardsi Sch IV
6 Indian hare Lepus nigricollis ruficaudatus Sch IV
7 Rhesus macaque Macaca mulatta Sch III
8 Little Indian field mouse
Mus booduga Sch IV
9 Indian fulvous bat Rousettus leschenaulti Sch V
10 Bengal fox Vulpes bengalensis Sch II
4.14.10 Diversity Indices
Following indices were used for estimation of ecological status of this area
Shannon’s index
Margalef’s index
Simpson’s index The indices were applied to woody flora
Shannon’ Index
Typically the value of the index ranges from 1.5 (low species richness and
evenness) to 3.5 (high species evenness and richness), though values beyond these
limits may be encountered. Because the Shannon Index gives a measure of both
species numbers and the evenness of their abundance, the resulting figure does
not give an absolute description of a sites biodiversity. It is particularly useful
when comparing similar ecosystems or habitats, as it can highlight one example
being richer or more even than another. There is always the need to inspect the
data or use another index to unpack the true reasons for the difference.
Where: where S is the total number of species andpiis the frequency of theith
species.
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The value Shannon’s index of study area is 2.959 in Core area (Zone I) whereas
4.019 for Zone II and 4.136 for Zone III were recorded. Hence, the diversity of this
buffer zone II, and III are high.
Margalef’s Index
It is calculated from the total number of species presented the abundance or total
number of individuals.
Margalef Index (D) = S – 1/ log e N
Where: S – total number of species, N – total number of individuals
The higher the index, the greater is the diversity. The value of Margalef’s index for
woody flora were observed to be 3.224, 7.417 and 8.229 for Zone I, Zone II and
Zone III respectively.
Simpson’s Index
Simpson's Index measures the probability that two individuals randomly selected
from a sample will belong to the same species (or some category other than
species).
Simpson's Indexλ = ∑ n(n-1)/N(N-1)
Where: n – total individuals of each species
N – total individuals of all species
With this index, 0 represents infinite diversity and 1, no diversity. That is, the
bigger the value of D, the lower the diversity. This is neither intuitive nor logical, so
to get over this problem, D is often subtracted from 1 to give:
Simpson's Index of Diversity 1 - λ
The value of this index also ranges between 0 and 1, but now, the greater the
value, the greater the sample diversity. This makes more sense. In this case, the
index represents the probability that two individuals randomly selected from a
sample will belong to different species. Simpson index values of woody flora was
very close to 1 (0.87) indicating uniform distribution of species.
The values of Simpson index for woody flora were observed to be 0.936, 0.981and
0.984 for Zone I, Zone II and Zone III respectively.
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Table 4-34Biodiversity indices of the study area
S. No Study area
Zone Dominance
_D Simpson_1
-D Shannon
_H Evenness
_e^H/S Margalef
Index
1 Zone I core Zone
0.064 0.936 2.959 0.838 3.224
2 Zone II Buffer zone
0.018 0.981 4.019 0.976 7.417
3 Zone III Buffer zone
0.016 0.984 4.136 0.978 8.229
4.15 Socio Economic Environment
A Social Impact Assessment (SIA) examines existing socioeconomic conditions of
the said study area and the associated impact due to the proposed project. The
socioeconomic conditions include accessing indicators such as Demographic,
Social, Economic, Health aspects, Cultural aspects, etc. Associated impacts
include positive or negative impacts or even both. Positive impact may be of
creating new employment opportunities, improved transportation, increased land
value, local economic development, regional economic development etc. The
negative impacts may be of losing their livelihood, land, homestead, threat of
outbreaks, threat of losing the public and aesthetic places, etc.
The associated impact out of the project is assessed based on the findings of the
existing socioeconomic conditions and its relation local resources such as Air,
Water sources, Land, forest produces etc. Understanding the local socioeconomic
conditions and the magnitude of the impacts, helps to develop the mitigation plan
and need based community development programs under Corporate Environment
Responsibility.
4.15.1 Objective of the Study Area
As stated in the earlier subjections, the primary objectives of this Social Impact
Assessment study are highlighted hereunder:
To assess the socio-economic conditions and the local context of the people living in
and around the project area
To identify the likely socioeconomic impacts to occur due to the proposed project.
To develop Mitigation Plan / CER Plan to mitigate the likely impacts of the projects
and for the benefit of the local community.
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4.15.2 Methodology of The Study
4.15.2.1 Geography of the Study Area
The proposed project is the expansion project of existing paper mill ,to be
developed within the existing factory premises and does not require any additional
land for the said project and thus does not attract any Rehabilitation and
Resettlement activity under “Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in
Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013”(RFCTLARR). However
to map the socioeconomic conditions of the local people the villages falling within
the 10km radius of the project site is considered. Based on Directorate of Census
Directorate, there are about 50 revenue villages, 2 Towns (Ukai and Bhurivel) and
1 Municipality (Songadh). Among the study area villages 4 revenue village
(Bhimpura, Ghoda, Vagda and Gunasada) falling within 2.5 km from the project
site is considered for primary survey. Table 4.35 shows the administrative
structure of the study area.
Table 4-35 Administrative Status of Study Area Villages/Towns
S.No State District Taluk Town Village
1 Gujarat Tapi Songadh 3 41
Uchchhal 0 6
2 Maharashtra Nandurbar Nawapur 0 3
Total 3 50 Source: Census 2011
Figure 4-53 Administrative Map showing the Study Area villages
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Source: Bhuvan – Indian Geo-Platform of ISRO.
4.15.3 Socioeconomic Indicators considered for the study
For the purpose of this study, socioeconomic indicators such as demography,
literacy, health, livelihood, amenities and cultural aspects were collected.
Secondary Published data such as population and amenities obtained from
Directorate of Census Operations, Health indicators such as immunization levels,
institutional births from District Level Household survey-3, Households availing
safe sanitation details are collected from Baseline Survey-2012, published by
Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation, Socioeconomic and Caste Census 2011
published by Ministry of Rural Development.
4.15.3.1 Primary Survey
Primary Survey was undertaken from 26th Sep 2018 to 29th Sep 2018. During this
survey, primary data in relation to geographical features, settlements, roads and
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amenities in the respective villages were observed. In addition to the site
observations, informal focused group discussion was conducted in the villages
falling within 2.5km of the project site. The discussion was mainly focused on
mapping the existing amenities in the respective villages, felt basic needs, Problems
if any due to the existing project operation. The discussion was carried out with the
village Sarpanch, village representatives, farmers, etc who have good knowledge
about the village and happenings.
Figure 4-54 Reconnaissance and Primary Survey
Discussion with Fishermen – Vadi
Bhensrot Discussion with Farmers – Vagdah
Village
Discussion with Farmers and Village
head Chachar Bhundha
Discussion with Villagers- Gunsada Village
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Discussion with Villagers- Bhimpura
Village Typical House of Gamit Tribes
4.15.4 Socio Economic Environment
4.15.4.1 Summary Socioeconomic Indicators
Table 4-36 Summary Socioeconomic Indicator
S.No Particulars Study Area State
1 Study Area – Districts / State Tapi Gujarat
2 Number of Administrative Divisions
50 Revenue Villages, 2 Census Towns and
1 Municipality
33 districts and 250 Talukas
3 Total Households 24,980 1,22,48,428
4 Total Population 1,15,154 6,04,39,692
5 Sex Ratio 981 919
6 Children Population (<6 Years Old)
13,241 77,77,262 (12.86%)
7 Children Sex Ratio 930 890
8 Urban Rural Ratio 34:66 45:55
9 SC Population 1.9% 6.74%
10 ST Population 70.8% 14.75%
11 Working Population 50.1% 40.9%
12 Agricultural Workers 58% 49.60%
13 Percentage of HH with Monthly Income less than 5000
80% 68.67%
14 Institutional Birth Rate 93.5% 56.4%
15 Childhood Immunization 100% 54.8%
16 Drinking Water Facilities 26% 69.03%
17 Sanitation Facilities 29.5%% 53%
18 Literates 70% 78.03%
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4.15.5 Socioeconomic Profile of the Study Area
4.15.5.1 Demography and culture
Fort Songarh is the town of newly formed District Tapi of Gujarat State. Tapi
district is one of the 26 districts of Gujarat state and located in the southern part
of Gujarat. A large proportion of the populations of Tapi district are Adivasis. Tapi
District was formed in the year by bifurcating five taluks from Surat District. Tapi
district largely comprises of Tribal population. The tribal of Tapi district belong
largely to seven such communities: Choudhari, Gamit, Vasava, Kotwalia, Bhil,
Valvi and Padvi. out of total five talukas of Tapi District, three talukas i.e, Nizar,
Uchchhal and Songarh were identified as backward talukas by the Cowlagi
committee3. The bifurcation of Surat district to form Tapi district is not only for the
administrative convenience but also to provide decentralized specialised programs
for tribal population.
About 95% of the rural population of the study area belongs to Tribes and whereas
the people belongs to other communities were seen in the towns. The migrants
from the neighboring districts and states came in search of employment and
businesses were settled in the area, usually in the towns. Gamits are the largely
found tribe in the study area. The populations of Gamits are found in the Vyara,
Songadh, Uchchal and Nizar talukas of Tapi District. Gamits are believed to be
sub-tribe of Bhils. Gamits are usually settled in villages with the spacious houses.
Their houses are build using clay, cow dung, and paddy grass and bamboos are
used in construction of walls. Indigenous or Mangalore tiles are used to cover
roofs. Nuclear family system dominates the Gamit Tribes and nearly 90% of the
Gamits families are monogamous.
3Cowlagi committee was set up by Government of Gujarat for study of backwardness of Taluka in October 2004;
Based on 25 indicators committee has recommended 56 Taluka as the most backward Taluka in Gujarat.
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Old Gamit members can be seen wearing Langoti (Men) and Choli (Women),
however among the ounger generation are usually seen wearing Putdi, Shirt and
head dress, either Padgo or Cap and women seen wearing Skirts (younger women)
and Guajarati style sarees (older women)4.
About 89% of the Gamit populations were Hindus and about 10% belongs to
Christians. The Gamti have deep-rooted beliefs in demons and witches. Beside the
crocodile which is considered a god, they worship groups of deities made of
shapeless pieces of stone or wood, placed under trees, where the supernatural
beings are believed to dwell. The Gamti have no temples in which to hold their
religious ceremonies5.
4 Tribal Cultures and Change, RS. Mann and K Mann, 1989 5https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/16781/IN
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Figure 4-55 Typical Gamit Tribe Houses
With respect to the population in the study area i.e. 50 revenue villages 2 census
towns and 1 municipality (Songadh) falling within 10 km radius of the CPM
boundary. As per the Census 2011, there are about 24,980 households with the
cumulative population of 1,15,514 with 58,136 males and 57,018 females. About
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70% of the population belongs to Tribes by averaging 95% in rural area and 25%
from urban areas. Being a tribal dominated area, it clearly shows that the people
from various communities and places settled in the towns in search of
employment. The sex ratio in the study area seems to be good with 1005 in the
rural and 937 in urban area.
4.15.5.2 Livelihood and Employment
Agriculture is being the important economic source in the region. Though Tapi
river and Ukai dam are located within the study area, due to inadequate irrigation
facilities, the local farmers are mostly dependent on the monsoon and CPM
supplied treated wastewater for irrigation. With respect to the villages within the
core zone i.e. 2.5 km radius of the CPM boundary, about 60% of the population
dependent on the Central Paper Mill(CPM) and Gujarat State Electricity
Corporation Limited (GSECL) either directly or indirectly. In addition to the
agriculture and industrial employment, the area is famous for bamboos and other
forest produces. After the forest rights act (The Scheduled Tribes and Other
Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006) came into force,
the tribes in the region are given access to bamboos and other minor forest
produces in the region. In addition to the own consumption, handicraft products
made of bamboo are seen in the study area.
The Central Paper mill unit of JK Paper limited issues tree sapling by its plantation
department at the nominal price to the local farmers under the agro forest
program. The grown trees will be purchased back by the CPM for making wood
pulp. The agro forestry program covers about 250 km radius from the mill and
about 68,000 farmers and 56,400 hectars of land have been enrolled under the
CPM agro forestry program. Based on Socio Economic and Caste Census 2011,
about 80% of the household income was less than Rs.5000/ month.
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Figure 4-56Gamit men carrying Bamboo
Based on the Census 2011, the total working population was 50% under three
forth of the workers had employment for more than 6 months in a year. Among the
workers group, 16% of them Cultivators, 42% were agriculture labors,4% workers
belongs to household industry and 38% belongs to other workers group.
Figure 4-57Workers Group Distribution
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4.15.5.3 Health Indicators
The Gujarat state is covered by the three-tier health system based on the National
Health Policy of 1983 i.e a Health Sub-Centers(PHC-Sub) focused on providing
maternal and child health care. Above Sub Centers, there is a Primary Health
Centre (PHC) which is the referral unit of 6 sub centers manned by a medical
officer and subordinates. Community Health Centre (CHC) is the top of the 3-tier
system is a 30 bedded referral unit for 4 PHCs. Though the entire area is covered
under the three tier health system, the study area is mostly inhabited by the tribal
population and due to lack of transportation facilities in the villages the people are
having difficulty in reaching medical centers. Songadh CHC which is located within
the study area is the major health facility located in the region. On an average
about 200 patients per day visit to the Songadh CHC. There are about one
Resident Medical Officer (RMO), one superintendent and three assistant doctors in
the Songadh CHC and is equipped with 30 bed facilities. The CHC recorded more
cases of Sickle Cell Anemia and about 30-34% of the tribal populations were
affected by Sickle Cell Anemia. Other major health diseases reported in the district
Tapi District are Leptospirosis, Leprosy, Tuberculosis, etc and another area of
concern in the public health care system is the persistent deficiencies of nutrient,
especially among poor women and children. Government of Gujarat had taken
necessary action to intervene the health burden through various programs and in
addition JK Paper Ltd under the CSR program is providing support to ICDS centres
run by the Government and by providing free mobile health camps by covering 30
villages through dedicated medical team. Under the mobile health camps free
medical screening and medicines are provided to the people.
Based on the ‘District Human Development Report 2015, published by Gujarat
Social Infrastructure Development Society (GSIDS), Institutional Birth Rate in the
district was about 93.5% and the same is compared with the state rate of 96.3%.
The childhood immunization was 100% which is more than that of state rate of
97.7%.
As per census 2011, the percentage of people having access to tap water was 26%
and is very low when compared to the state rate 69.03%. The study area is mostly
tribal population and houses are sparsely distributed which makes difficulty in
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laying the pipelines. Most of the populations are access to hand pump for their
water needs. Ground water is not suitable for drinking in some of the villages
located in the watershed region of the treated wastewater irrigated land and in
these villages people are mainly dependent on CPM piped water supply. About
70.5% of the households in the Tapi district practice open deification.
Figure 4-58 Water supply in villages
4.15.5.4 Education Indicators
In the study area about 70% of the total populations are literates, where national
literacy rate is of 64.8% and state’s literacy rate of 79.3%. The literacy rate among
the Gamit tribal population was very poor a decade before, due to the intervention
by J K Paper Mill Adult Literacy program and through other government schemes,
the literacy rate was improved from 46% in 2001 to 59% in 2011 in Songadh
Taluk. The rate of male literacy rate in study area (78%) is more when compared
with the female literacy rate (63.1%). With the total number of 798 schools in the
district, on a average each school was having 6 rooms, 100% of the schools are
electricity connection, 39.2% of the schools had a computer lab, 86% of the schools
had compound wall, 64% of the schools had play ground, 100% of the schools had
Drinking water and sanitation facilities. The higher education facilities i.e. colleges
are present in the nearest towns namely Songadh, Uchchhal, Vyara, etc.
Chancher Bundar Village Bhimpur Village
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Middle School Chacher Bundar Village Middle School – Gunsada Village
ITI Center – Ukai Primary School - Bhurivel
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5. ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
5.1. General
This chapter presents magnitude of emissions and discharges from the proposed
MEP facilities and also the various control measures proposed to be adopted as per
the applicable environmental regulations and guidelines. An attempt has been
made to associate environmental impacts due to release of uncontrolled emissions
and controlled wastewater discharges. Hence the possible environmental impacts
due to the proposed Mill Expansion Plan are identified for a detailed study of all
the related environmental aspects and corresponding mitigation measures are
proposed. The environmental impacts for a project can be broadly categorized
based on the phase during which it occurs. The proposed MEP program will be
developed within the existing mill facilities. During the construction phase the
environmental effects will be strictly concentrated within the working area and for
a shorter period of time whereas during the operation phase effects on the
environment can be expected on a continuous basis. The detailed effects on
environment and its mitigation measures during construction and operation phase
of the proposed project are presented in this chapter.
5.2. Impacts and Mitigation Measures during Construction Phase
Unlike Greenfield projects, the proposed project will be limited to minor
construction activities such as earth work, foundations and flooring etc.
Construction related environmental impacts will be limited to plant site which are
reversible in nature. An outline of the various construction phase impacts and
mitigation plans are depicted in this sub section.
The project involves installation of one new Board Machine, Chemical Wood Pulp
Mill, BCTMP, DIP, SFT Plants, Chemical Recovery, captive co-gen power plant and
other supporting facilities.
5.2.1. Land Use
Area required for the MEP facilities is available as vacant land within the mill
premises and no impact is envisaged on the topography during construction.
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Alternation or diversion of any natural water bodies or streams is not applicable in
this scenario. As the construction activities of new installation will not necessitate
any land acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement (R&R) issues are not
envisaged. Construction and Demolition waste generated during the activity will be
utilized to fill the low-lying areas.
5.2.2. Air Quality
The sources of emission during the construction period are mainly from the
movement of equipment at the construction site and dust emitted during erection
of plant related activities for a shorter period. Dismantling and relocation of some
of the existing structures may be envisaged which will be taken place within the
boundary of the existing plant facility. Water sprinkling of construction site will be
adopted. Construction material will be sourced from the local market. As far as
possible and wherever applicable, Pozzolana cement will be utilized to encourage
the utilization of fly ash-based material. Due to the short duration of the planned
action, any impacts on ambient air quality during construction activities are
expected to be short term.
5.2.3. Noise Levels
The major sources of noise during the construction phase are vehicular traffic and
construction activities. The operation of these equipment will generate noise
ranging between 85-100 dB (A) near source. These noises will be generated mostly
within the existing plant boundary and will be transient in nature. Due to existing
green cover all around the periphery of the plant boundary, these noise levels will
be attenuated to a large extent and are not likely to have any significant impact on
the nearby villages. Overall, the impact of noise due to construction on the
environment is likely to be insignificant, reversible, localised in nature and mainly
confined to the day hours. As per best practice all the noise generating activities
shall be undertaken during day hours and enclosure shall be provided wherever
applicable to further minimize noise pollution.
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5.2.4. Water Quality
Water for construction operations will be supplied from the existing water
resources. As far as possible, treated wastewater will be utilized for construction
activities to conserve fresh water. Construction workers will be made available from
the nearby areas and no labour camps will be established. Existing sanitation
arrangement and rest rooms are adequate. During the implementation and
construction stage of the project, the project will generate employment to about
1000 indirect persons for about a year. All the workers will be made available from
the nearby areas and hence no labour camps will be established. Existing
sanitation arrangements are adequate. No sewage/wastewater will be discharged
outside the mill premises. Any additional wastewater generated during the
construction phase, will be treated in the existing effluent treatment plant. Since
the ground water table in the study area varies between 3 to 9 m, the possibility of
interaction of foundation and sub-surface civil works with the ground water table
is not envisaged. Also, withdrawal of ground water during construction phase is
not envisaged.
5.2.5. Terrestrial Ecology
The construction activities of new installations will be carried out in the existing
plant premises. This phase does not involve major changes in the terrain. JKPL,
Unit CPM has developed greenbelt along the periphery of the facility to restrict
pollution within the facility and hence no impact on terrestrial ecology is envisaged
during this phase.
5.2.6. Socio-Economics
There is no rehabilitation and resettlement for the proposed project site since the
Mill Expansion Plan will be in the existing plant premises. During construction
phase of the project, this project will provide indirect employment to about 1000
people.
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5.3. Impacts and Mitigation Measures during Operation Phase
Management of JKPL, Unit CPM has been adhering to the applicable environmental
regulations and guidelines during the operation of the existing mill and is regularly
submitting the compliance report to Regional Office, MoEF&CC. These sub-
sections depict various pollution control systems that will be adopted under the
proposed Mill Expansion Plan and environmental impacts due to release of residual
emissions and discharge after implementing various environmental control and
management programs.
The following environmental aspects have been addressed under this section:
Release of emissions and discharges from proposed coal fired boiler,
chemical recovery boiler and additional NCG emissions from pulp mill area.
Noise emissions from the proposed steam turbines in the cogeneration
power plant.
Additional fresh water demand and impact on the water resources, if any
Additional wastewater generation, treatment and impacts from disposal of
treated wastewater
Additional vehicular traffic volumes on the road and adequacy of the public
roads
Additional solid and hazardous waste generation and impacts due to safe
disposal
Residual ecological and biological environment, if any
Socioeconomic aspects
5.3.1. Impact on Land Use during Operational Phase
The proposed MEP is within the plant premises; hence, there will not be any
change in the land use pattern in the study area. Since the overall project footprint
remains unchanged, the existing green belt and plantation area will be unchanged.
The existing greencover in the plant will be maintained 33% of the total area
without any change in the landscape and environmental and ecological setting.
Since JKPL, Unit CPM is not sourcing any wood for the expansion project from the
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local forest areas and also protected wildlife region, the impacts on the regional
greencover due to expansion program is not envisaged.
The Unit has implemented social and farm forestry plantations of Eucalyptus,
Subabul and Casuarina within 350 Km radius of the mill covering different parts of
Gujarat, Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh in about 1,35,000 acres of land. To
meet the additional wood demand Post MEP, the unit has already developed year
wise for contract farming plantation program up to year 2028 covering 314000
acres of land to implement agro forestry and farm forestry.
In addition, JKPL unit CPM has developed an action plan for enhancing captive
plantation by planting saplings within the facility.
5.3.2. Sources of Emissions and Associated Environmental Impacts
The major source of emissions are Particulate Matter (PM), Sulphur dioxide (SO2)
and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) from the proposed coal fired boiler, chemical recovery
boiler and augmentation in lime kiln.
Prediction of impacts on air environment has been carried out by employing
mathematical model based on a steady state Gaussian Plume Dispersion Model
designed for multiple point sources for short term. In the present case, ISCST3
dispersion model, designed for multiple point sources for short term and developed
by United States Environmental Protection Agency [USEPA] has been used for
simulations from point sources. The model simulations deal with dispersion of
three major pollutants viz., Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX) and
Particulate Matter (PM) emitted from the proposed stacks. Boiler stack emissions
are modeled as point source buoyant type emissions and fugitive dust emissions
from coal handling areas are modeled as area sources. Hourly meteorological data
collected from the site for the period 22nd September 2018 to 23rd December 2018
has been adopted for modeling the 24-hours Ground Level Concentrations (GLCs).
The site-specific mixing height data are comparable with that of the IMD mixing
heights Atlas and site-specific mixing height measured during the study period
were considered in this modeling study.
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5.3.2.1. Point Source
The Proposed MEP of JKPL, unit CPM involves shifting and re-installation of
bleached chemical wood pulp mill from JKPL, unit Rayagada, Orissa and a new
BCTMP mill. The existing power boilers (CFB#1- 20tph and CFB#2- 30 tph) will be
retired and new power boilers of capacity 240 tph (CFB#5- 150 tph, operating and
CFB#6- 90 tph, standby) is proposed to be installed.
The existing recovery boiler will be kept as standby and a new recovery boiler of
capacity 950 tpd of black liquor is proposed to be installed. Along with existing
lime kiln of capacity 90 tpd, an additional 160 tpd capacity lime kiln from JKPL,
Rayagada unit will be re-installed in the CPM unit.
5.3.2.2. Emissions from Proposed Coal Fired Boilers
New CFB#5 of 150 tph capcity which is proposed to be under operation is
considered for air quality modeling. The additional coal consumption to the tune of
1,70,000 tpa of mixed coals (Indian, Imported and Lignite) will be utilized for
generating 150 tph steam from the proposed FBC boiler. As per the coal analysis
reports, the sulphur content of the Indian coal, imported coal and lignite is
reported to be in the order of 0.5 %, 0.8% and 1.5 % respectively. Out of the total
mixed coal quantity, about 60 % of Indian coal will be utilized and hence the same
is considered to estimate the unclontrolled SO2 emission rate for the worst-case
scenario.
According to the new power plant emission regulations, the concentration of PM,
SO2 and NOx from the proposed power plants shall meet 30 mg/Nm3, 100
mg/Nm3and 100 mg/Nm3 respectively. A Dedicated high efficiency Electrostatic
Precipitators (ESP) will be installed for control of Particulate Matter (PM) emissions
from the proposed boiler in the captive power plant to meet the new PM emission
norms of 30 mg/Nm3. Hence the controlled PM emission is estimated as 5 kg/hr. A
dry limestone injection system shall be installed to meet the new SO2 emission
norms of 100 mg/Nm3. Hence the controlled SO2 emissions is estimated as 16
kg/hr. Based on the peak SO2 emission release scenario, the minimum stack
height required for the proposed boiler is estimated as 73 m and hence a stack
height of 75 m is proposed for effective dispersion of pollutants in the atmosphere.
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NOx concentration in the existing boiler stack will be less than the MoEFCC
prescribed limit of 100 mg/Nm3 and hence the NOx emission rate is estimated
around 16 kg/hr. Due to lower combustion temperatures (800 to 900OC), when
compared with conventional pulverized boilers, generation of NOx emissions from
CFBC boilers will be far below that of the suggested emission factors by USEPA.
At any given point of time, the controlled PM, SO2 and NOx emissions from the coal
fired boiler will not exceed 30 mg/Nm3, 100 mg/Nm3 and 100 mg/Nm3 respectively
as per the MoEFCC prescribed limit for thermal power plant, as per 2015
notification. Hence the same is considered for modeling.
The details of the estimation of emissions from proposed coal fired boiler are
presented in the Table 5.1.
Table 5-1 Estimations from Proposed 150 tph Boiler (In operation)
S.No Parameter Units 150 TPH
(proposed)
1 Steam generation capacity of the proposed boiler
TPH 150
2 Type of fuel used - Mix of Imported
Indian and Lignite
3 Calorific value of the Indian coal Kcal/Kg 4000
4 Calorific value of the Imported Coal Kcal/Kg 5500
5 Calorific value of lignite Kcal/kg 5000
6 Coal consumption when operated on 100% Indian Coal (worst case scenario)
T/day 500
7 Sulphur content in Indian Coal % 0.5
8 SO2 emission rate based on MoEF&CC standard @ 100 mg/Nm3
Kg/hr 16
g/s 4
8 NOx emission rate based on MoEF&CC standard @ 100 mg/Nm3
Kg/hr 16
g/s 4
9 PM emission rate based on MoEF&CC
standard @ 30 mg/Nm3
Kg/hr 5
g/s 1.3
10 Stack flue gas parameters
10.1 Stack gas temperature OC 135
10.2 Combustion gas volume Nm3/hr 1,44,000
10.3 Flue gas at operating temperature Am3/hr 1,12,000
10.4 Stack top diameter m 2
10.5 Stack gas velocity from each boiler m/sec 11
10.6 Minimum Stack height required M 73
10.7 Proposed stack height M 75
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5.3.2.3. Emissions from Chemical Recovery Boiler and Lime Kiln
As a part of MEP, new recovery boiler of capacity 950 tpd of black liquor is
proposed to be installed while the existing chemical recovery boiler will be kept as
standby. Along with existing lime kiln of capacity 90 tpd, an additional 160 tpd
capacity lime kiln from JKPL, Rayagada unit will be re-installed in the CPM unit.
For the proposed chemical recovery boiler, the emission rates for SO2 and NOx are
estimated based on MoEF&CC limits for boilers used in the other industries
including paper and pulp, as per MoEF&CC notification dated 29th January 2018
which is 600 mg/Nm3 and 300 mg/Nm3 respectively. Whereas for the estimation of
PM from chemical recovery boiler, the new thermal power plant standard of
MoEF&CC dated 2015 is considered which is 30 mg/Nm3, as a high efficiency ESP
will be installed to control PM emission to well within the normsand the details are
given in Table 5.2.
For the proposed lime kiln, the emission rates for SO2 and NOx are estimated based
on MoEF&CC notification dated 22nd March 2018 which specifies the emission
standard for lime kiln as 400 mg/Nm3 and 500 mg/Nm3 respectively for SO2 and
NOx. Whereas the existing GPCB norm of 150 mg/Nm3 for PM is considered for
modeling and the details are given in Table 5.3.
Table 5-2 Estimation of emissions from Proposed Chemical Recovery Boiler
Parameter Units Existing scenario
Post MEP (New Boiler)
Capacity TPH 14 40
Black liquor processing quantity
TPD 335 950
Combustion air volume Nm3/hr 39,500 1,20,000
Stack gas temperature ºC 135 170
ºK 408 408
Stack gas velocity m/sec 4.34 4.5
Stack height m 70 70
Stack tip diameter m 2.1 3.3
ESP outlet concentration
mg/Nm3 70 30
PM emission rate Kg/hr 2.8 3.4
g/s 0.76 0.93
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Parameter Units Existing scenario
Post MEP (New Boiler)
SO2 concentration mg/Nm3 559 600
SO2 emission rate Kg/hr 22 67.2
g/s 6 18.67
NOx concentration mg/Nm3 60 300
NOx emission rate Kg/hr 2 33.61
g/s 0.6 9.33
Table 5-3 Estimation of Emissions from Proposed Lime Kiln
Parameter Units Existing Scenario
Post MEP
Solids load on lime kiln TPD 90 230
Stack gas temperature ºC 165 165
ºK 438 438
Stack gas velocity m/sec 10 9.8
Stack height m 60 60
Stack tip diameter m 0.25 0.6
ESP outlet concentration mg/Nm3 145 150
PM emission rate Kg/hr 0.39 1.02
g/s 0.10 0.30
SO2 concentration mg/Nm3 395 400
SO2 emission rate Kg/hr 1.05 2.72
g/s 0.29 0.50
NOx concentration mg/Nm3 84 500
NOx emission rate Kg/hr 0.22 1.40
g/s 0.06 0. 9
5.3.2.4. Area Source (Coal Handling)
The envisaged coal dust emissions due to the increase in the quantity of coal
handling are estimated for worst case scenario considering the Indian Coal. There
is an increase in the coal consumption for the proposed project and the estimated
increment of indigenous coal requirement for the proposed project is about
1,60,000 TPA. The fugitive dust emissions will be controlled by providing dust
collectors at material transfer points and coal conveyer will be provided with water
sprinkling arrangements. Hence estimated controlled dust emissions based on the
AP 42 emission factors will be 2.1x10-8 g/sec/m2. The Ground level Concentration
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(GLC) for particulate matter emissions are thus predicted considering point source
as well as area source emissions.
The estimated emission details used for air modeling are presented in the Table
5.4.
Table 5-4 Emission rate details for air modeling with Indigenous Coal
Source Stack Height
Proposed
Emission rate (g/sec) – Uncontrolled
SO2 NOx PM
Coal Fired Boiler
(150 tph) 75 4 4 1.3
Chemical Recovery Boiler (950 tpd of BLS)
70 18.6 9.3 0.9
Lime kiln (230 tpd) 60 0.5 0.9 0.3
Fugitive dust emissions (Coal handling)
- - - 2.1x10-8
The emission rates for the air pollutants are estimated for the proposed boilers.
However, it is to be noted that the existing coal fired boilers (CFB#1- 20tph and
CFB#2- 30 tph) will be retired, the existing recovery boiler will be kept as standby
and thus the net increase in PM, SO2 and NOx emissions will be much lower than
estimated emissions and thus no significant increase in concentration can be
envisaged due to MEP.
5.3.3. Prediction of Ground Level Concentrations of Criteria Pollutants
The site-specific meteorological information indicated that predominantly winds
were found to blow from North East direction and hence the impact zone in the
down wind direction is located in the South West direction. Predicted ground level
concentrations in the form of Isopleths are presented through Figures 5.1, Figure
5.2 and Figure 5.3. The input and output files of the ISCST3 modeling system for
the above-mentioned parameters are presented in Annexure 18.
5.3.3.1. Prediction of Air Quality Impacts- Particulate Matter
High efficiency ESPs will be installed to reduce the particulate matter from the
proposed boilers. As per the new standards for thermal power plants the outlet
concentration of ESP shall be limited to 30 mg/Nm3, and this was considered to
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model. The PM emission rates from proposed coal fired boiler, chemical recovery
boiler and lime kiln areestimated as 1.3 g/s, 0.933 g/s and 0.3 g/s respectively.
The isopleths illustrating the dispersion phenomenon of particulate matter is
shown in Figure 5.1. The 2nd highest predicted 24 hrs GLC of particulate matter
will be in the order of 1.59 μg/m3 at a distance of about 500 m in the downwind
direction from the stack and such concentrations were found to get diluted rapidly.
The predicted GLCs would get diluted rapidly within 2 km from the plant boundary
and diminished to insignificant range beyond 3.5 km from the emission source.
Referring to the predicted GLC it can be observed that GLC levels are concentrated
towards south west direction of the project site as the predominant wind blows
from north east during the study period. The envisaged resulting concentrations
during post project in the downwind settlements will be in the range of 59.32
μg/m3 to 79.23 μg/m3 in the nearby areas. The concentration of PM in the study
area during the post project scenario will be in the range of 58.18 μg/m3 to 87.27
μg/m3. The envisaged pollutant concentrations are observed to be below the
prescribed NAAQ standards of 100 µg/m3 which are presented in Table 5.5.
Table 5-5 Estimated Resultant GLC’s of Particulate Matter
Code Station Direction* Distance* (in km)
Particulate Matter (PM) (µg/m3)
GLCs due to MEP
Average Baseline
concentration
Post project concentration
AAQ1 Plant Site - 0 0.37 69 69.37
AAQ2 Banglifoliya SE 1.69 0.38 57.8 58.18
AAQ3 Bardipada SW 2.04 0.62 58.7 59.32
AAQ4 Moti Khervan W 5.04 0.02 62.7 62.72
AAQ5 Songadh SW 4.20 0.33 78.9 79.23
AAQ6 Amlipada NW 6.00 0.098 68.1 68.198
AAQ7 Patharda N 4.13 0.16 79.4 79.56
AAQ8 Bhimpura NE 1.44 0.77 86.5 87.27
National Ambient Air Quality standards- 100µg/m3
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Figure 5-1 Predicted 24-Hrs Avg. GLC’s of Particulate Matter within 10 km Radius of
the Study Area
Site Specific Wind Rose
Diagram for the Study Period
Predominant Wind direction is north-east to south-west.
The 2nd highest predicted 24 hrs GLC of particulate matter will be in the order of 1.59 μg/m3 at a distance of about 800 m.
5.3.3.2. Prediction of Air Quality Impacts- Sulphur Dioxide
Air quality modeling was undertaken for uncontrolled emissions scenario and thus
the emission rates of 4 g/s, 18.6 g/s and 0.5 g/s have been considered from the
proposed power boiler, recovery boiler and lime kiln respectively in the present
study for predicting GLC of SO2. Control measures will be adopted at the source to
limit the SO2 emissions to 100 mg/Nm3 as per the standard norms.
The isopleths of the predicted 24-Hrs Avg. GLC’s of SO2 within 10 km Radius of the
Study Area is presented in the Figure 5.2. Referring to the predicted GLC’s, it can
be observed that GLC levels of SO2 are concentrated towards south west direction
of the project site as the predominant wind blows from north east. The 2nd highest
predicted 24 hrs Ground Level Concentration (GLC) of sulphur dioxide in the
downwind direction will be in the order of 9.48 µg/m3 at a distance of about 2000
m, from the stacks and such concentrations would occur for minimal period of
Con
cen
trati
on
of
PM
in
µg/m
3
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time. The envisaged resultant post project concentrations (Table 5.6) in the down-
wind villages will be in the range of 14.6 to 20.63 µg/m3. The concentration of SO2
in the study area during the post project scenario will be in the range 14.6 to 32.03
µg/m3. which will be below the prescribed NAAQ standard of 80 µg/m3.
Table 5-6Estimated Resultant GLC’s of Sulphur Dioxide
Code Station Direction* Distance* (in km)
Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) (µg/m3)
GLCs due to MEP
Average Baseline
concentration
Post project concentration
AAQ1 Plant Site - 0 0.11 15.5 15.61
AAQ2 Banglifoliya SE 1.69 3.01 15 18.01
AAQ3 Bardipada SW 2.04 5.05 14.1 19.15
AAQ4 Moti Khervan W 5.04 0.205 14.4 14.605
AAQ5 Songadh SW 4.20 2.63 18 20.63
AAQ6 Amlipada NW 6.00 0.514 16 16.514
AAQ7 Patharda N 4.13 1.212 23.1 24.312
AAQ8 Bhimpura NE 1.44 6.03 26 32.03
National Ambient Air Quality standards- 80µg/m3
Figure 5-2 Predicted 24-Hrs Avg. GLC’s of Sulphur Dioxide within 10 km Radius of
the Study Area
Site Specific Wind Rose
Diagram for the Study
Period
Predominant Wind
direction is north-east
to south-west.
The 2nd highest
predicted 24 hrs GLC of
SO2 will be in the order
of 9.48 μg/m3 at a
distance of about 2000
m from the stacks.
Con
cen
trati
on
of
SO
2in
µg/m
3
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5.3.3.3. Prediction of Air Quality Impacts -Oxides of Nitrogen
Air quality modelling was undertaken for uncontrolled emissions scenario and thus
the emission rates of 4 g/s, 9.33 g/s and 0.90 g/s have been considered from the
proposed power boiler, recovery boiler and lime kiln respectively in the present
study for predicting GLC of NOx.
The isopleths of the predicted 24-Hrs Avg. GLC’s of NOx within 10 km Radius of the
Study Area is presented in the Figure 5.3. Referring to the predicted GLC it can be
observed that GLC levels of NOx are concentrated towards south west direction of
the project site as the predominant wind blows from north east. The 2nd highest
predicted 24 hrs GLC of NOx in the downwind direction will be in the order of 6.03
µg/m3 at a distance of about 900 m from the stacks. The envisaged resultant post
project concentrations in the down-wind villages (Table 5.7) will be in the range of
25.81 µg/m3 to 30.61 µg/m3. The concentration of NOx in the study area during the
post project scenario will be in the range of 25.81 µg/m3 to 32.52 µg/m3 which will
be below the prescribed NAAQ standard of 50 µg/m3.
Table 5-7 Estimated Resultant GLC’s of Oxides of Nitrogen
Code Station Direction* Distance* (in km)
Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) (µg/m3)
GLCs due to
MEP
Average Baseline
concentration
Post project concentration
AAQ1 Plant Site - 0 0.12 27.5 27.62
AAQ2 Banglifoliya SE 1.69 3.72 25.6 29.32
AAQ3 Bardipada SW 2.04 4.29
24.4 28.69
AAQ4 Moti Khervan
W 5.04 0.51 25.3 25.81
AAQ5 Songadh SW 4.20 1.71 28.9 30.61 AAQ6 Amlipada NW 6.00 0.52 27.5 28.02
AAQ7 Patharda N 4.13 0.74 28.1 28.84
AAQ8 Bhimpura NE 1.44 3.93 28.6 32.53 National Ambient Air Quality standards- 80µg/m3
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Figure 5-3 Predicted 24-Hrs Avg. GLC’s of Oxides of Nitrogen within 10 km Radius of the Study Area
Site Specific Wind Rose
Diagram for the Study
Period
Predominant Wind direction is north-east to south-west.
The 2nd highest
predicted 24 hrs GLC
of NOx will be in the
order of 6.03 μg/m3 at
a distance of about
800 m from the stacks
5.3.3.4. Summary of Air Quality Modelling Results
Based on the findings of the detailed air quality modelling exercise, it has been
inferred that the resultant cumulative concentration for estimated air pollutant
emissions at around 10 Kms radius distance from proposed project will comply
with the NAAQ Standards. Since there are no ecologically sensitive locations
present in the down-wind direction of the Project site, environmental risks due to
release of emissions from the proposed units will be insignificant. Also, Fort
Songadh, a tourist attraction place is located at a distance of 4.2 km from project
site and no significant impact is observed. The summary of the predicted GLC’s is
predicted in Table 5.8.
Con
cen
trati
on
of N
Ox in
µg/m
3
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Table 5-8 Summary of the Predicted GLCs in the Nearby Areas
Parameter
Peak Average Baseline
concentration (µg/m3)
Peak Predicted GLCs due to MEP (µg/m3)
Envisaged Peak
Resultant concentration
(µg/m3)
NAAQ Standards as
per CPCB (µg/m3)
PM10 86.5 1.59 88.09 100
SO2 26 9.48 35.48 80
NOX 28.9 6.03 34.93 80
5.3.4. Control of Air Emissions
Necessary efficient air pollution control equipment will be installed to control air
emissions from the boilers.
Dedicated Electrostatic Precipitators (ESP) will be installed for control of Particulate
Matter (PM) emissions from the proposed boiler in the captive power plant. ESP will
be designed to achieve new Thermal Power Plant emission norms of 30 mg/Nm3 as
per MoEF&CC, December 2015 regulations. Imported coal and Indian coal with
sulphur content less than 1% will be utilized to reduce the SO2 emissions along
with lignite. In addition to this, A dry limestone injection system shall be installed
for the proposed CFBC boiler to meet the new SO2 emission norms of 100 mg/Nm3.
The proposed boiler will be designed with necessary NOx control system such as
NOX burners to meet the new NOX emission standards of 100 mg/Nm3. Stack(s)
with adequate height will be installed as per the CPCB guidelines for the proposed
boiler emissions. Continuous online stack emission monitoring unit will be
installed to monitor particulate matter, SO2 and NOX emissions from the proposed
boilers.
ESPs will be installed for the control of Particulate Matter (PM) from new recovery
boiler and new lime kiln. Stacks of adequate height will be installed for the
recovery boiler and lime kiln as per the minimum stack height norms by CPCB for
efficient dispersion of gases.
To control the wind-borne coal dust fugitive dust emissions, closed type storage
sheds and coal conveyer will be provided with water sprinkling system
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arrangement. Necessary dust collection systems will be installed at coal handling,
conveyors and storage areas.
5.3.5. Non-Condensable Gases and Impacts
Air emissions of hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan, dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl
disulfide, and other volatile sulfur compounds are the cause of the odor
characteristic of pulp mills utilizing the kraft process. The primary source of such
emissions are digester vents, pulp blow-tanks, Brown stock Washer and vents from
Multiple effect Evaporator. Typical estimation of the possible NCG and H2S
emissions from the facility are presented in Table 5.9.
Table 5-9 Estimated NCGs and H2S emissions from the Pulp Mill during Post Project
Scenario based on USEPA AP42 emission factors
Emission Sources
NCG H2S
Factor (Kg/T of dry pulp)
Kg/day Factor
(Kg/T of dry pulp)
Kg/day
for 460 tpd wood
pulp
for 460 tpd wood
pulp
Digester relief and blow tank 0.6 276 0.02 9.2
Brown stock Washer 0.2 92 0.01 4.6
Multiple effect Evaporator 0.05 23 0.55 253
Recovery boiler 1.5 690 6 2760
Total 2.35 1081 6.58 3027
As a part of MEP, it is proposed to install ECF Chemical Wood Pulp Mill for cooking
processes. Non-Condensable Gases (NCG) generated in pulp and recovery sections
will be controlled by installing NCG gas extraction system to collect the NCGs and
Mercaptans which will be incinerated in the lime kiln.
5.3.6. Traffic Impact Study
The site is well connected to State Highway SH-174 which lies adjacent to the
project site (Figure 5.4).
The existing State Highway is of width 8 m with two lanes that can accommodate
about 2400 Passenger Vehicles Units (PCUs) per hour.
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Figure 5-4 Project Site Showing Nearest State Highway
At JKPL, Unit CPM the raw materials are transported through trucks that utilizes
the existing SH-174.
In order to assess the present traffic scenario in the study area traffic volume study
was conducted at two locations in Songadh. Based on the movement of trucks into
the existing facility, the location for the traffic volume survey was selected. It was
identified that the trucks utilize the Songadh-Ukai Road (toward Songadh) for
upward movement, and Songadh-Ukai (toward Ukai) for downward transportation,
for the conveyance of raw materials to and from the existing facility and the same
will be utilized during the post project scenario. The variations of traffic densities
depend upon the working days and time and also vary in day and night times.
The survey was conducted during normal working days of the week by avoiding
local holidays or abnormal situations to reflect the true picture of the traffic
densities. The traffic study was conducted at two locations for 48 hours.
The vehicles passing through sampling point was counted manually for a period of
48 hours. The vehicles were counted for every hour and recorded under the
respective category. The vehicles were categorized into two wheelers, tractors, auto
SH 174
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rickshaws, Light Motor Vehicles (LMV) including car, jeep etc., Medium Motor
Vehicles (MMV) including bus, mini truck, mini bus etc and Heavy Motor Vehicles
(HMV) including lorry, tankers and all vehicles with more than 2 axles.
The Passenger Car Unit (PCU) factors considered for this study was referred from
the Journal of Indian Roads Congress (IRC), 65(1), September 20046. The PCU
factors considered for LMV, MMV and HMV is presented in the Table 5.10 and the
average traffic count for the two locations are shown in the Table 5.11.
Table 5-10 PCU Equivalent Factor
Type of vehicle PCU Conversion Factor
LMV 1 and 0.5
MMV 3.1
HMV 3.1
Table 5-11 Average Traffic Count for the Location
Location Total Average Traffic Count
Total PCU LMV PCU MMV PCU HMV PCU
Songadh Ukai Road (Toward Ukai)
143 143 49 152 51 158 453
Songadh Ukai Road (Toward Songadh)
80 80 59 183 54 167 430
As stated in chapter 3 of this report, raw-materials, finished products and coal will
be transported by road in trucks. The trucks to be used for transportation will be
PUC certified and will consume Bharat Stage IV fuel. In order to assess the impact
of additional traffic requirements due to the proposed MEP was estimated based on
the inventory as per the raw material requirement. Hence the additional number of
trucks required for the movement of raw materials during the post project scenario
is presented in the Table 5.12.
6 Satish Chandra, “Capacity Estimation Procedure for two-lane roads under mixed traffic conditions”, Journal of
Indian Roads Congress, 65(1), September 2004, pp. 139 – 171.
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Table 5-12 Estimated Traffic Volume during Post Project Scenario
S. No.
Description
Quantity (tpd) Truck Capacity (t) Number of truck trips (per-day)
Existing After
Expansion Existing
After Expansion
Existing After
Expansion
1 Wood 1130 3074 20 20 56 154
2 Chemicals and others
125 209 10 10 12 21
3 Coal 658 1405 12 12 55 117
4 Total ash 72 115 8 8 9 14
5 WWTP Sludge 15 55 8 8 2 7
6 Lime Sludge 60 40 8 8 8 5
7 Finished product 480 1080 20 20 24 54
Total Trucks Per day 166 372
Therefore, from the above Table, it can be noted that additional 200 trucks are
envisaged post MEP which is equivalent to 26 PCU/hr considering 3.1 as the PCU
factor for HMV (Heavy Motor Vehicles). The additional 26 PCU/hr can be easily
accommodated in the existing road (SH-174) Post MEP and thus impacts due to
increase in traffic is not envisaged.
5.3.7. Noise Emissions and Compliance Status
The major noise emitting sources at the project site are from proposed new Board
machine, Turbo Generator and Chipper. Board Machine will be housed inside
building and Entire Turbo Generators will be housed in co-generation power house
with suitable acoustic enclosure. Hence, the expected noise levels outside the room
will be maintained around 75 dB (A)and the same noise power levels are used to
predict the propagation of noise levels due to the proposed power house (boiler and
turbo generator) and new Board machine. Whereas about 85 dB(A) of noise is
considered as noise power level input from the chipper section for the noise
modeling study.
According to the environmental regulations, industrial facilities should adopt
sound noise abatement and control program to meet the following criteria. Sound
pressure levels at the property boundary should be less than 75 dB (A) during
daytime hours and 70 dB (A) during night time hours. Noise levels near the work-
zone areas should comply with a maximum permissible level of 85 dB (A). As a part
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of this EIA study, a noise propagation modeling was undertaken to establish the
abated noise levels at the facility boundary. Noise propagation from proposed
power house (boiler and turbo generator),Board machine and Chipper Section have
been modeled based on the international outdoor noise propagation standards.
ISO 9613-1:1996 Acoustics- attenuation of sound during propagation
outdoors- Part 1: Calculation of the absorption of sound by the atmosphere
ISO 9613-2:1996 Acoustics- attenuation of sound during propagation
outdoors- Part 2: General method of calculation
Noise propagation software model, Noise Sim Version 2.1 has been used for
estimating the sound pressure levels due to cumulative dispersion of noise
emissions from the designated sources. Predicted sound pressure levels in around
the proposed plant due to operation of the facility are presented in Figure 5.5 It
can be inferred from the modeled data that the increment in sound pressure levels
at the facility boundary will be below 45 dB (A), which is well within the stipulated
threshold noise level of 75 dB (A) for industrial areas. Noise levels outside the
facility boundary will be further attenuated due to the proposed green belt all along
the plant boundary. Based on this noise modelling analysis, it has been concluded
that the additional noise emissions from the proposed project is insignificant and
well within the standards prescribed by the CPCB.
Figure 5-5 Predicted Noise Levels from the Proposed Project
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5.3.8. Impact on Water Environment
5.3.8.1. Water Withdrawl Permission
Fresh Water Consumption for the proposed MEP will be increased from existing
consumption of 20,500 m3/day to 37,000 m3 day. Water allocation from Narmada
W.R.W.S and Kalpasar Department is about 5 MGD (22,730 m3/day). Necessary in-
principle permission for 10 MGD has been obtained from the concerned authority
for the drawl of additional fresh water. Ukai dam has a storage capacity of about
7,400 Million m3. Ukai left bank canal is supplying about 35 m3/sec (3 million
m3/day) to more than 65,000 ha of land. Considering water demand for irrigation
needs of 30 m3/ha, about 2 million m3/day of water is utilized for irrigation needs.
Therefore, there is abundant water available for industrial and commercial use in
the region from Ukai dam.
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5.3.8.2. Water Balance for Post MEP scenario
In the current operations, JKPL, Unit CPM could bring down the fresh water
consumption for the plant to a level of 20,500 m3/day equivalent to around 40
m3/t of paper/board. The specific water consumption per tonne of paper/board
production will reduce considerably from 40m3/T to 32 m3/T, post MEP due to the
adoption of ECF Bleaching technologies and other efficient water use processes
and water conservation operations. As part of MEP, the following major measures
will be adopted to achieve the specific fresh water demand in the plant during the
post project scenario:
Increasing the quantity of treated wastewater reuse/recycling by 2000 m3/day
Reusing and recycling the wastewater generated from the proposed multi-layer
coated board machine unit
Collection of foul condensates from the stripper and reusing for sprinkler system at
coal and wood yard
The water balance for the proposed MEP is presented in the Table 5.13.
Table 5-13 Water Balance for the Proposed MEP
SL.No
Description Fresh Water
make-up (m3/day) Evaporation
(m3/day) Wastewater to ETP
(m3/day)
1
Existing Board machine and paper machine
9,600 600 9000
2 New Board machine 6,000 700 5,300
3 Chemical Pulp Mill 12,000 1200 10,800
4 BCTMP 2,000 2000 No wastewater from BCTMP
5 Chemical Recovery Plant 2,000 500 2,500
6 Power Plant 3,000 900 2,100
7 Others 400 100 300
Total for Plant 35,000 5,900 30,000
8 Domestic 2,000 Sewage to Proposed STP
Total water requirement
37,000
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Figure 5-6 Water Balance Diagram for the Proposed MEP
Existing Board and Paper Machine
New BoardMachines
Power Plant
Domestic
Fresh Water Requiremen
t
Treated Water reuse in process, dust suppression
& fire water etc.
37,000
9,600
6,000
12,000
2,000
2,000
2000
1200
700
600
ETP
9,000
5,300
2,500
30,000
2,100
27,800 Treated
wastewater for Land Irrigation
BCTMP
Chemical Recovery Plant
Chemical Pulp Mill
Others
3,000
400
2,000
500
900
100
Sewage to proposed STP
300
10,800
200
ETP Sludge loss
2,000
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5.3.8.3. Wastewater Generation and Treatment Facilities
The total wastewater generated from the existing facility of JKPL Unit CPM is about
17,500 m3/day which is treated in the existing Activated Sludge Biological
Treatment plant of capacity 30,000 m3/day.
Post MEP, the total wastewater generation during the post MEP scenario will be in
the order of 30,000 m3/day. The specific wastewater generation per tonne of
paper/board production will reduce from 36 m3/T to 29 m3/T. In addition to this,
due to the adoption of ECF Bleaching operations, the specific COD load on the ETP
will reduce considerably. The existing ETP of capacity 30,000 m3/day will be
upgraded with addition of required new pollution abatement equipment and
processes to meet the additional hydraulic volumes during the post MEP.
5.3.8.4. Upgradation of Existing ETP
As a part of MEP, it is proposed to segregate the streams from pulp and
paper/board mill and treat separately. In addition to the existing ETP, a new ETP
shall be installed for treating the effluents upto the tertiary level.
The existing ETP will be large enough to handle proposed non-color effluents from
paper and board machines. Hence it is recommended to segregate the total
wastewater from the mill into the following streams:
Stream 1: Pulp mill wastewater (coloured and High COD streams)
Stream 2: Paper mill wastewater (Non-coloured and Low COD streams)
Stream 3: Utilities, DM plant rejects, CT blowdowns etc.
Existing ETP shall be utilized for Paper and board mill wastewater (Stream 3)
treatment. Pulp mill wastewater (Stream 2) shall be treated in a new biological unit
with DAF (for colour removal). Other utilities wastewater (Stream 1) shall be treated
in a dedicated clarifier. The treated wastewater from all the above streams shall be
collected in monitoring pond conforming to the discharge standards of GPCB.
The recommended design of the ETP scheme is presented in the Figure 5.7
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Figure 5-7 Recommended ETP Scheme for the proposed Project
Flow: 13,300 m3/day TSS: 7980 kg/day
COD; 11,970 kg/day
Flow: 14,300 m3/day TSS: 14,300 kg/day
COD; 8,580 kg/day
Flow: 29,800 m3/day TSS: <100 mg/l COD:<200 mg/l TDS: <2100 mg/l
Flow: 2,400 m3/day TSS: 250 kg/day
TDS: 12,500 kg/day EQ
Clarifier-2 Aeration tank 2 (Conventional ASP or MBR
or Hybrid system)
Aeration tank 1 Existing Aeration Tank
Existing
Clarifier
DAF and
Colour
removal
Final combined
collection tank (monitoring pond)
Stream 3:
Utilities and
DM plant etc
Stream 1:
Pulp Mill
Streams
Stream 2:
Paper mill
streams
Tertiary
Treatment
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The treated wastewater characteristics Post MEP is presented in the Table 5.14.
Table 5-14 Treated Wastewater Characteristics Post MEP
Description Unit Paper and
board
Pulp mill and other streams
Utilities Combined
treated wastewater
Wastewater flow m3/day 14300 13300 2400 30000
TSS mg/l 100 100 100 100
TDS mg/l 1650 2640 5500 <2100
BOD mg/l 15 26 0 19
COD mg/l 108 210 0 < 200
AOX mg/l - - - <2
AOX Kg/T of paper
- - - 0.06
SAR
<6
The treated wastewater quality will be maintained within the standards as
prescribed by GPCB/CPCB. Bio Assay tests will be conducted to evaluate the effect
of discharge of treated wastewater caused on the fish population. Dedicated STP is
proposed to be installed to treat the domestic sewage generated from the colony
and plant.
5.3.8.5. AOx levels in the Treated Wastewater
The Adsorbable Organic Halides (AOx) are adsorbable compounds containing
chlorine, bromine or iodine. The formation of these compounds is traceable to the
use of chlorine and chlorinated compounds in the various industrial processes
including the bleaching process in the pulp and paper industries. As per MEP, the
existing older generation chemical wood pulp mill will be replaced with ECF
(Elemental Chlorine Free) pulp mill. Hence the AOx levels will be maintained within
the GPCB limit of 8 mg/l and 1 kg/T of paper production as per EPA Notifications.
In the existing facility AOx levels in the treated wastewater is about 5.79 as against
the GPCB limit of 8 mg/l.
Similarly Post MEP the AOx levels will be maintained within 8 mg/l due to the
following reasons;
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New Chemical Recovery Boiler will help better cooking of chips and reduce
the kappa no of pulp
Kappa no. of the unbleached pulp will be maintained on the lower side
Hydrogen Peroxide in bleaching sequence instead of chlorine will help to
achieve desired brightness
Oxygen De-lignification and Chlorine Dioxide Bleaching will be adopted as
per existing practice
The details of AOx levels in the treated wastewater is presented in the Table 5.15.
Table 5-15 AOx levels in Treated Wastewater Post MEP
Parameter Units Existing facility
Post MEP Remarks
Bleached Chemical Pulp capacity
AD-TPD 175 460 Bleaching sequence: Existing mill: O-CD-EOP-DP Post MEP: O-A/D-EOP-DP
Paper/board capacity
TPD 480 1080 Increase in production capacity during post MEP.
Wastewater discharge
m3/day 17,500 30,000 Increase in wastewater generation during post MEP
AOx levels mg/l 5.7 <8
As per EU Bench-mark report for elemental chloride free bleaching with oxygen de-lignification process, AOX levels in wastewater will be less than 8 mg/l.
AOx mass discharge
Kg/day 99 240 Reduction in AOx mass discharge will be achieved during post MEP.
AOx – specific mass
Kg/T of pulp
0.56 0.52 No specific standard
AOx – specific mass
Kg/T of paper
0.20 0.22 Values will be maintained less than 1 Kg/T of paper as per EPA standards.
5.3.8.6. Treated Wastewater Utilization
The treated wastewater will be utilized for various applications as per the existing
practices such as chips washing, coal dust scrubbing, bamboo wetting, ash dust
suppression and floor washing and reusing in process areas such as pulp mill, re-
causticizing unit, utilities including cooling tower etc.
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Currently, the balance treated wastewater generated from the existing mill is
utilized for land irrigation to a maximum possible extent covering about 1050 acres
of land in the nearby areas. All efforts will be made to utilize the additional
wastewater generated from the expansion project for irrigation in the nearby areas
during the post project scenario. The existing treated effluent supply pipe network
will be augmented to meet the additional hydraulic volumes. About 28,000 m3/day
of treated wastewater will be generated during post MEP. Considering the rate of
application as 45 m3/ha (clayey soil) as per the MoEF&CC notification dated 14th
January 2016, about 1525 acres of land is required for the land irrigation.
Therefore, additional land of 475 acres is required to discharge the additional
treated wastewater for land irrigation. Thus, CPM unit has approached nearby
farmers to meet the additional land requirement for reusing the treated wastewater
for irrigation and a sample MoU with farmers for additional land for irrigation is
attached as Annexure 19. Additional pumping and pipeline systems will be
installed for disposal of additional treated wastewater for irrigation in the area.
However, considering the challenges in utilizing 100% of the treated wastewater
quantity for irrigation due to variations in the cropping pattern, JKPL, Unit CPM
requests MoEF&CC to grant permission to discharge treated wastewater of about
15 % into Goda Nala during off crop seasons and monsoon after conforming to the
discharge standards prescribed by GPCB.
The details of the treated wastewater utilization during monsoon and non-monsoon
period is presented in the Table 5.16.
Table 5-16 Utilization of Treated Wastewater (Monsoon and Non-Monsoon Period)
Category
Monsoon Season Non- Monsoon Period (100 % utilization for
land irrigation)
m³/day m3/day
Wastewater to ETP 30,000 30,000
ETP sludge loss 200 200
Treated wastewater from ETP 29,800 29,800
Treated wastewater Recycle to Process 2,000 2,000
Treated wastewater discharged for Land Irrigation/river disposal
27,800 27,800
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Category
Monsoon Season Non- Monsoon Period (100 % utilization for
land irrigation)
m³/day m3/day
Wastewater disposal to River @ 20% of the total
5560 0
Wastewater disposal to irrigation 22,240 27,800
Land requirement for irrigation @ 45 m3/ha during non-monsoon season
1525 1525
Land available for irrigation (as per PFR) - Acres
1050 1050
Additional land required for irrigation - Acres
475 475
Table 5-17 Treated Wastewater Application Rates as per MoEF&CC notification dated
14th January 2016 for different soil conditions
SI. No Soil Texture Loading Rate in m3/ha/day
1 Sandy 225 to 280
2 Sandy Loam 170 to 225
3 Loam 110 to 170
4 Clay Loam 55 to 110
5 Clay 35 to 55
5.3.8.7. Impact on River Tapi
It is proposed to utilize 100% of total treated wastewater generation for land
irrigation. However, during monsoon seasons and off crop seasons the process
becomes non-feasible. Hence, during these periods, about 20 % of the treated
wastewater (5,500 m3/day) will be discharged into the Goda Nalah after conforming
to the discharge standards prescribed by GPCB. Goda Nalah joins River Tapi at
about 8 km distance from the point of discharge. Therefore, there will be a
considerable dilution occurring at the Nalah before the point of confluence at the
River Tapi.
Also, JKPL had engaged Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Mumbai to conduct a
study for the assessment of treated wastewater discharge from JKPL, unit CPM
and water quality assessment of Goda Nala and River Tapi. Based on the results of
the study conducted in the year 2015, it is indicated that treated wastewater
discharge from JKPL doesnot have much impact at the confluence point with River
Tapi. Also, it is concluded in the study that Goda Nala has no significant influence
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on river water quality at the sampling point immediately downstream of the
confluence point of Goda Nala and Tapi River.
River Tapi
The River Tapi is perennial in nature with length of about 724 km and catchment
area of about 62225 sq. Km. The drainage area in Gujarat is about 3,837 sq. km
which constitutes to about 5.9 %. Ukai Dam is located across the Tapi River near
Ukai Village in Surat Disctrict. The photgraphs of the River area is presented in the
Figure 5.8.
Figure 5-8 Photographs of River Tapi in the Study Area
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As per the baseline study, the river water quality at the upstream and downstream
is within the permissible limits as per Drinking water IS:1500-2012 standards. The
dissolved oxygen is about 6 mg/l. BOD and COD levels are within 5 and 25 mg/l
respectively for upstream and downstream sides.
It is assumed that after discharge of treated wastewater into the river, the entire
wastewater will get mixed with the background river water and will atain resultant
BOD, DO and temperature. The following formula was adopted to estimate the
resultant concentrations.
.
Where,
C1 =Concentration river water (BOD or DO or temperature of river water)
Q1=Discharge of river
Ukai Dam
River Tapi
Project Site
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C2= Concentration of effluent (BOD or DO or temperature of effluent)
Q2=Discharge of Effluent
Table 5-18 River Water Quality due to the discharge of treated wastewater
SI No Description Unit Value
1 Total Effluent Discharge m3/day 5,500
2 Flow of River7 MCum/day 877
3 BOD of Treated wastewater mg/l 30
4 Background BOD of River mg/l 5
5 DO at the point of discharge mg/l 2
6 DO of River mg/l 6
7 Estimated BOD of Mix mg/l 5
8 Estimated DO of Mix mg/l 6
From the above table it can be inferred that no significant impact on River quality
is envisaged due to the discharge of 20 % of total treated wastewater (5500 m3/day)
during the off crop and monsoon seasons.
5.3.8.8. Impact on Soil Quality due to Utilization of Treated Wastewater
for Land Irrigation
As per the existing scenario, about 17,000 m3/day of treated wastewater is utilized
for irrigation in 1050 acres of land in the area. Various types of crops such as
sugar cane, paddy, vegetables etc are grown in the areas where treated wastewater
is used for irrigation by the farmers. Apart from treated wastewater, farmers are
also utilizing the fresh water from Ukai lest bank canal for irrigation in the area.
Based on the baseline study results, parameters such as Chlorides, Sodium, Mg
and Ca are reported to be in the order of 55 to 85 mg/100g, 31-48mg/kg, 18-35
mg/100g and 45-73 mg/100g respectively. The estimated SAR value of 6.5 is well
below the acceptable level of 10 as per ICARC.
Soil quality in the study area vs. areas with application of treated wastewater are
presented in the following Table 5.19.
7http://www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=Tapi
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Table 5-19 Soil Quality in the Study Area v/s areas with Application of treated
Wastewater
Parameter Units
Soil samples collected in 10Km radius
Samples collected
from effluent irrigation
areas
Remarks
pH - 7.2 to 8.3 7.5 to 8.3 Optimum pH range for most plants is between 5.5 and 7.5
Conductivity μs/cm 0.2 to 0.52 0.28 to 0.36
An electrical conductivity more than 0.4 μs/cm at 25 °C of saturated soil extract is the generally accepted limit above which soils are classed as ‘saline’.8.
Exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP)
% 20 to 55 40 to 47
An exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) of 15 or more is the generally accepted limit above which soils are classed as ‘sodic’.
In addition, JKPL has engaged Navsari Agriculture University (NAU) to carry out
the assessment study of the quality of treated effluent and its effect on soil and
crop pattern by its utilization for agricultural crops. Based on the study, it was
concluded that treated wastewater is most suitable for irrigation in the area and as
per test report from NAU dated 17/12/2018 no contamination of soil is indicated
due to the utilization of treated wastewater.
5.3.8.9. Impact of TDS on Ground Water due to the utilization of treated
wastewater for land irrigation
It is proposed to utilize 100 % of the treated wastewater for land irrigation during
non-monsoon seasons. About 1525 acres of land will be irrigated utilizing 27,800
m3/day of treated wastewater @ 45 m3/ha/day.
8http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/y4263e/y4263e0e.htm
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Therefore, ground water quality modelling has been undertaken for the worst-case
scenario considering 1800 mg/l of TDS from the treated wastewater to evaluate the
impact of TDS from the treated wastewater on the groundwater.
The site is located in Shallow, Moderately drained, Clayey soils. The soil sample
collected from the project site during the study period also indicates that the
porosity of the soil is 45% which indicates moderate permeability. As per the
ground water quality monitoring studies conducted in the study area as part of
baseline environmental studies, the TDS of about 400 mg/L was observed in the
area where treated wastewater was utilized for irrigation and the same value was
considered for modelling studies to evaluate the impact on ground water.
The Hydraulic Gradient is estimated from the water table contour. The estimated
pre- monsoon hydraulic gradient of 5.8 m/km is considered with ground water
level of 5.5 m. The effective porosity of the formation is considered as 45 %. The
transmissivity of the shallow aquifer is around 20 sq.m/day. The hydraulic
conductivity is estimated as 0.90 m/day. The velocity of the ground water is
computed as 0.015 m/day.
Based on the aquifer parameters, the model is computed for 10-year period for a
worst-case scenario without considering the dilution factor during the monsoon
period. As per the output of the model, the highest predicted value of TDS in the
ground water in the study area of the project site is 840 mg/L. However, it can be
observed that the value of TDS concentration is well within the permissible range
of 2000 mg/L as per Drinking Water Standards (IS 10500:2012), such
concentrations are less likely to occur considering the soil conditions and dilution
during monsoon. Also, as per the existing study data, no such increase in TDS
concentrations are observed over a period of 10 years. The above indicates that
there would be no adverse impact on ground water during the post project
scenario.
In addition, considering the return seepage of 30 % for the total treated wastewater
discharge of 27,800 m3/day, about 8100 m3/day is estimated as return seepage
water which will further increase the ground water level in the irrigated area.
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The predicted dispersion model of TDS in the Ground water is presented in the
Figure 5.9.
Figure 5-9 Predicted dispersion model of TDS in the Ground water
5.3.9. Solid Waste Generation and Disposal
The expected increase in the solid and hazardous waste due to proposed
MEP and the respective proposed disposal practices are presented in the
Table 5.20.
Table 5-20 Solid and Hazardous Waste Generation and Disposal
Sl No Particulars Existing Quantity (BD TPD)
Additional Quantity (BD TPD)
Post MEP Quantity (BD TPD)
Disposal
1 Bamboo/Wood Dust
20 40 60
Considering the carbon content, the wood dust will be used as alternative fuel in Boiler as per existing practice
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Sl No Particulars Existing Quantity (BD TPD)
Additional Quantity (BD TPD)
Post MEP Quantity (BD TPD)
Disposal
2 Fly Ash 120 300 420
Will be used for Cement/Brick manufacturing as per existing practice Existing MoUs will be further augmented (Annexure 12)
3 Lime Sludge/Grit
60 - 40
Due to the installation of new lime kiln along with existing one and
operating lime kiln with full capacity, only lime grit will be generated which will be used as backfilling material at abandoned stone quarry as per existing practice. Existing MoUs will be further augmented
4 ETP Sludge 16 40 56 Will be sold to board manufacturers as per existing practice.
6 Spent Oil 725
kg/Month 1000
kg/Month 1725
kg/Month
Will be disposed to authorized recyclers as per existing practice. Existing MoUs will be further augmented
5.3.10. Impacts on Ecological Environment
The construction activities of new installations will be carried out in the existing
mill premises. This phase does involve minor changes in the terrain. Impacts on
flora during construction period are envisaged only in close vicinity of proposed
development due to vehicular movements. However, JKPL Unit CPM has developed
green cover around the periphery of the plant which will act as buffer zone and will
help in mitigating impacts on ecology in vicinity.
Impacts on flora are envisaged only in close vicinity of proposed development due
to emissions and vehicular movements. However, further development of greenbelt
will attenuate any further impact. Greenbelt development will enhance floral
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diversity and proposed development will have positive impact on ecology by
providing suitable habitats for avifauna, reptiles and arboreal mammals.
5.3.11. Impacts on Socio Economic Environment
The proposed expansion project is to increase the production capacity of paper
along with the increase in the inhouse pulp production. The proposed project does
not envisage any additional land requirement and the project is to be developed
within the existing site premises. Hence, Rehabilitation and Resettlement process
is not applicable under “The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land
Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013”. Some of the observations or
findings based on the study are listed below. The workable mitigation plan to be
developed to mitigate any impacts if any.
Impact on Ground Water Quality:
The Central Pulp Mill unit is active since year 1966, Tapi district is dominated by
the tribal population who are mainly agrarian population. Though Tapi River and
Ukai dam are present within the study area due to inadequate irrigation schemes
and infrastructure, the farmers are mostly dependent on monsoon. On demand of
water for irrigation by the local farmers the surplus treated waste water is supplied
to the nearby villages for irrigation. Therefore, it is required to monitor the quality
of treated wastewater, soil and ground water regularly to avoid any contamination.
Impact on Odour:
Odour problem reported by the villages adjacent to the project site are negligible
and not causing any major concern when compared to the economic development,
as majority of the people in the study area are dependent on the CPM for their
livelihood either directly or indirectly.
Impact on Local Employability:
The existing project had developed a considerable amount of employment
opportunities and various economic activities through small business and trade.
About50-60% of the population dependent on CPM and GSECL directly or
indirectly. The proposed project will have considerable amounts of beneficial
impact in the region by way of employment and business opportunities both during
the construction phase and operation phase.
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Agro Forestry and Farm Forestry:
In addition to the local economic activity, company is also promoting agro forestry
as the local sustainable sources of raw material through which create advantages
of local economic development. Under the ‘Agro Forestry and Farm Forestry
Initiatives’ the company had included around 56000 hectares of land under
cultivation and about 7000 hectares of land are added every year under the
scheme to meet the future demand of the plant. The main aim of the project is to
include the barren and unproductive land under cultivation through local farmers
and ensuring the raw material supply locally. The project developed a considerable
amount of economic activity among the people around 350km of the CPM. In
addition, also increased employment opportunities among the local people in the
plantation farms. This program also reduces the import of raw material. Under the
program about 68,000 farmers have been enrolled and 100% of the wood
requirement is sourced through the Agro Forestry and Farm Forestry plantations.
Impact on Traffic:
100% of the raw material i.e. Pulp Wood, Coal and other raw materials and
finished goods are transported through Trucks. Considering the proposed
production expansion and current traffic volume as per Traffic Assessment study is
conducted under the EIA study to estimate the increase in the number of trucks in
the existing road and impact on the traffic due to the proposed expansion was
found to be insignificant.
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6. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES
6.1. Introduction
The process of analysis involves identifying the constraints, avoiding activities
causing adverse impact and maintaining the economic feasibility. The
environmentally sound technologies proposed under the capacity enhancement
project are discussed under this section.
The proposed Mill Expansion Plan (MEP) includes installation of new paper Multi-
Layer Coated board machine, chemical wood pulp mill (shifted from Rayagada unit
and reinstalled), installation of BCTMP Mill, DIP and SFT Plants, installation of
new chemical boiler, augmentation of co-generation plant, water treatment plant,
effluent treatment plant and supporting infrastructure.
A comparative analysis of various alternatives was considered to avoid or minimize
the impacts that would be inevitable in the process. The process of analysis
involves identifying the constraints, avoiding activities causing adverse impact and
maintaining the economic feasibility. Environment Protection and management are
integral part of JKPL’s activities. With regards to this, environmentally sound
technologies are proposed under the MEP.
The range of alternatives selected for the purpose of analysis includes:
Site alternative
Technology alternative
6.2. Site Alternative
As the JKPL, Unit CPM site has adequate space for project facilities and has well
developed infrastructure like water intake, approach roads, internal roads, offices
etc., no alternate site is considered.
6.3. Technology Alternative
The technology selected in the proposed expansion project is the improved version
of existing technologies currently being used by JKPL.
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Elemental Chlorine Free (ECF) chemical wood pulp mill proposed under the MEP
based on chlorine dioxide is the superior choice for pulp and paper manufacturing.
The technology is proven in terms of pollution prevention, resource conservation
and product quality with a strong market demand. ECF pulp provides strong paper
products and the technology places a lower strain on forest resources. The existing
Bleached Hard Wood Pulp (HWP) mill will be replaced with Rapid Displacement
Heating (RDH) Elemental Chlorine Free (ECF) Hard Wood Pulp (HWP) mill which
will be shifted from JKPL Rayagada unit and re-installed with upgradation.
One of the key benefits of kraft process compared with other alternatives is the
capability to recover the cooking chemicals and to generate the energy need in the
process from the black liquor in a very efficient way, which is why a new, more
efficient recovery boiler will be installed, and more bio-fuel based energy will be
used. Recovery island will consist of falling film evaporator, high efficiency recovery
boiler, causticizer plant having CD and LM filters for better efficiency and modern
lime kiln, etc.
The modernization and capacity building will help to consolidate and further
improve on the operational and financial performance. Thus, meeting the
increasing demands of paper board, and developing into a more environmentally
friendly technology. Modernization and Expansion of existing plant includes
adopting Best Available Technologies (BAT) which will help to enhance to
environmental performance coupled with sustainable economic growth of the plant.
The salient features of the proposed MEP are as below;
Replacing existing chlorine-based pulp mill with ECF pulp mill
Replacing existing conventional old digesters with state-of-the-art RDH
cooking
Replacing old recovery boiler with new high pressure and efficient recovery
boiler
Installation of new BCTMP plant to substitute costly imported pulp
Making the mill more self-reliant on pulp for board/paper making
Generating more bio-fuel (black liquor solids) based energy
State-of-the-art Multilayer Coated Board Machine with energy efficiency
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High pressure, high efficiency FBC boiler for better power generation
through co-generation
Higher efficiency turbo generators with low specific steam/t kWh
High efficiency ESP for coal fired boiler boiler, Recovery boiler and Lime kiln
to meet stringent Particulate Matter (PM) norms
Non-Condensable Gases (NCG) collection system to collect Non-Condensable
Gases and incinerate in Lime kiln
Producer Gas (PG) plant to fire gas in lime kiln to reduce consumption of
costly furnace oil.
Adopting water conservation and efficient water management
Recycle and water conservation to reduce specific fresh water consumption
Upgradation of Wastewater treatment plant by segregating the colored and
non-colored effluents with tertiary treatment
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7. ENVIROMENTAL MONITORING PLAN
7.1 Introduction
Environmental monitoring is essential to ensure that environmental impacts are
prevented and mitigated by following the Environmental Management Plan that is
formulated based on the baseline data collected on various environmental
parameters and the prediction of impacts. An Environmental Monitoring Plan
provides feedback about the difference between actual environmental scenario and
the impacts of the project on the environment and helps to judge the adequacy of
the mitigation measures in protecting the environment.
Regular monitoring of environmental parameters is of immense importance to
assess the status of environment during plant operation. With the knowledge of
baseline conditions, the monitoring program will serve as an indicator for any
deterioration in environmental conditions due to operation of the project, to enable
taking up suitable mitigative steps in time to safeguard the environment.
Monitoring is as important as that of control of pollution since the efficiency of
control measures can be determined only by monitoring.
7.2 Objectives of Environmental Monitoring Plan
The key issues associated with the life cycle of a project are the monitoring of
environmental parameters. Following three types of Environmental Monitoring are
associated with the project, which includes
a) Baseline Monitoring
b) Effects / Impacts Monitoring and
c) Compliance Monitoring
7.1.1. Baseline Monitoring
Baseline monitoring deals with the measurement of environmental variables during
pre-project period to determine existing conditions, ranges of variation and process
of change.
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Regional laboratories of GPCB, monitor the quality of environmental parameters on
regular basis. Besides, four numbers of PM10, PM2.5, and gas samplers are installed
and air quality is monitored once in a month internally and the data is submitted
to GPCB and CPCB.
Selection of monitoring stations for Environmental Monitoring:
Under the Environment Monitoring Plan of JKPL, Unit CPM the sampling stations
for Ambient Air Quality is selected based on the wind direction at the time of
sampling.
7.1.2. Effects/Impact Monitoring:
It involves measurement of environmental variables during construction and
operation phase of the project to assess the impact that may have been caused by
the project.
7.3 Compliance Monitoring:
It takes the form of periodic sampling and continuous measurement of level of
pollutant emissions in the air, waste discharge on land or water, level of noise to
ensure that standards are met.
The basic objective of Environment Monitoring Program is:
To develop a database against which the short term and long-term
environmental impacts of the project can be determined.
To ensure implementation of mitigation measures during project
implementation.
To evaluate the effectiveness of the mitigation measures implemented
through periodic monitoring.
To evaluate and ensure the statutory compliance of the project with respect
to various environmental parameters.
To define the responsibilities of the project proponents and environmental
monitors and to ensure effective communication of environmental issues
amongst them.
To provide feedback to the decision makers about the effectiveness of their
actions.
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To determine the project’s actual environmental impacts so that
modifications can be made to mitigate the impacts.
To identify the need for enforcement action before irreversible environmental
damage occurs.
To provide scientific information about the response of an ecosystem to a
given set of human activities and mitigation measures.
7.4 Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Procedure
Monitoring shall ensure that commitments are being met. This may take the form
of direct measurement and recording of quantitative information, such as amounts
and concentrations of discharges, emissions and wastes, for measurement against
corporate or statutory standards, consent limits or targets. It may also require
measurement of ambient environmental quality in the vicinity of a site using
ecological/biological, physical and chemical indicators. Monitoring may include
socio-economic interaction, through local liaison activities or even assessment of
complaints.
7.5 Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Procedure
JKPL, Unit CPM is committed for environmental protection and thus the facility
has implemented robust environmental monitoring programs to achieve the
regulatory compliance and beyond in the existing facility. The same monitoring
program shall be adopted for the proposed MEP. The existing monitoring programs
implemented in the facility are as follows;
Online Monitoring systems are installed in all the stacks.
Four numbers of PM10, PM2.5, and gas samplers are procured and air quality
is being monitored once in a month and the data is regularly submitted to
GPCB.
In addition to this, JKPL has installed manual board depicting the critical
pollutant levels at the main entrance of the unit in the public domain.
Regular monitoring of fugitive emission levels are measured in chipper area,
Paper Machine rewinder area, coal handling and SPCC area and are
regularly monitored by NABL certified 3rd party Lab and recorded.
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Monthly monitoring of noise emissions at 15 locations in the existing plant
area is carried out.
Wastewater quality parameters are monitored on daily basis at the JKPM
central lab. An online wastewater quality monitoring system is installed and
the data is submitted to GPCB/ CPCB server.
In addition to this, treated wastewater is getting analyzed by NABL/GPCB
accredited lab every month by third party. Online monitoring systems are
installed on all ESPs and also ETP outlet.
AOx levels in the treated wastewater is monitored Six Monthly by the
external qualified laboratory.
Soil quality monitoring is undertaken yearly once by Department of Soil
Science and Agro Chemistry, Navsari Agricultural University where treated
wastewater is utilized for land irrigation.
Ground water monitoring is carried out quarterly from bore wells at the
areas where treated wastewater is utilized for land irrigation at 4 locations.
The following monitoring program will be implemented for the proposed expansion
project as against the existing monitoring programs based on baseline data
compliances.
Table 7-1 Environmental Monitoring Program
Environmental
Component Monitoring Type
Monitoring Location
Monitoring/ recording Frequency
Monitoring Program for
Proposed Project
Air Environment
Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx)
4 locations inside the Project site
Internally Monthly once and by NABL certified lab
Existing practices will be continued including the monitoring of the proposed chemical recovery boiler.
Stack Monitoring (SO2, NOx, CO, PM)
All Stacks (4 power boilers, recovery boiler and lime kiln)
Continuous
by Online continuous Monitoring
system. Monthly once
by NABL certified
External Lab and
periodically by GPCB.
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Environmental
Component Monitoring Type
Monitoring Location
Monitoring/ recording Frequency
Monitoring Program for
Proposed Project
Fugitive Emissions Monitoring
Across plant premises
Monthly
Noise Environment
Ambient Noise Quality Monitoring (Existing ambient noise level in Leq)
15 locations in the plant premises
Monthly once by NABL certified
External Lab
Existing practices will be continued
Water Environment
Influent and Effluent Quality
Monitoring for relevant parameters
Inlet and
Outlet from ETP
Periodically by
GPCB and External Lab
Existing practices will be continued
Treated Effluent Quality (pH, BOD, COD, Total Suspended Solids)
Treated Effluent
Continuous Existing practices will be continued
Treated Effluent Quality (pH, BOD, COD, Total Suspended Solids, Oil & Grease)
Treated Sewage
Periodically
STP will be installed. Treated
sewage will be monitored
Ground water analysis
Irrigation Area at 4 locations
Quarterly Existing practices will be continued
Soil Environment
Soil Quality Monitoring (pH, Texture, Electrical Conductivity, Organic Matter, Nitrogen, Phosphate, Sodium, Calcium, Potassium and Magnesium
Irrigation Area
Periodically by Navsari
Agricultural University
Existing practices will be continued
7.6 Data Analysis
The monitored data will be analyzed and compared with the baseline levels as
established in the EIA study and the regulatory standards specified by different
government agencies. The standards against which the different environment
components will be compared are as per Table 7.2.
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Table 7-2 Recommended Environmental Monitoring Plan
S.No Component Applicable Standards
1 Ambient Air Quality National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), Central Pollution Control Board, Gujarat Pollution Control Board GPCB)
2 Noise Quality Ambient Air Quality Standards with respect to Noise, CPCB
3 Surface Water Quality
IS:2296: Class ‘C’ Water, CPCB
4 Groundwater Quality IS: 10500 Standards, BIS
5 Soil Quality --
6 Treated wastewater CPCB Industrial effluent standards
7.7 Reporting Schedule
The monitoring results of the different environmental components will be analyzed
and compiled report will be sent to Regional office MoEF&CC and concerned
authorities on monthly basis. PM10, PM2.5, SOx, NOx, BOD, COD, TSS will be
online and logged on to GPCB / CPCB web portals. The report will also list the
project activities along with the environmental mitigation measures and will
evaluate the efficacy of the Environmental Management Plan.
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8. ADDITIONAL STUDIES
This chapter describes the public consultation, risk assessment and disaster
management plan, Fire Safety Systems and Flood Risk Assessment.
Also as per the additional ToR for pulp and paper industry issued by MoEF&CC,
the studies shall be conducted and a chapter to be included to show that soda
pulping process can be employed for Eucalyptus/Casuarina to produce low kappa
(bleachable) grade of pulp.
This section of the EIA report also presents the residual safety and environmental
risks, if any that are associated with operation of the proposed facility at the site
and proposed risk mitigation measures as per the applicable regulations and
guidelines. Safety related aspects are grouped into three aspects such as fire
safety, road safety and occupational safety.
Fire risk aspects are related to the possible hazards due to storage and handling of
flammable and combustible material at the site. Road safety addresses the plant
layout, exit routes and parking lots etc. Occupational health aspects are addressed
in terms of exposure to noise, thermal radiation, indoor air pollutants and toxic
chemicals.
The following aspects of the Terms of Reference issued by MoEF&CC have been
addressed in this section.
Specific ToR No. i - PH for the project should be conducted by GPCB
Specific ToR No. ii- Issues raised during PH & Commitment of Project proponent
along with time bound action plan to implement the commitment and financial
allocation shall be provided
Additional ToR No iii- Studies shall be conducted and a chapter to be included to
show that soda pulping process can be employed for Eucalyptus/Casuarina to
produce low kappa (bleachable) grade of pulp.
General ToR No. xiii- Onsite and Offsite Disaster (natural and Man-made)
Preparedness and Emergency Management Plan including Risk Assessment and
damage control. Disaster management plan should be linked with District Disaster
Management Plan.
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8.1. Public Consultation
Since the proposed MEP involves manufacturing of additional product including
pulp, the proposed project falls under category “A” under sector 5(i) of the EIA
notification 2006. In addition, it is proposed to increase the existing captive power
plant capacity from 30.25 MW to 72.00 MW which falls under category “B” under
sector 1(d) of the EIA Notification 2006. Since the existing mill site does not fall
under any notified industrial area, public consultation will be conducted as per the
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification 2006.
The public hearing meeting will be advertised in English and the local language
(Gujarati) newspapers to invite the public to attend the meeting, wherein the
suggestions/views/comments will be recorded and addressed. A copy of the draft
EIA and executive summary of the EIA both in English and Gujarati language will
be placed in different public offices for public references.
The public hearing meeting will be recorded and photographed, and the details of
the public hearing meeting will be available in the final EIA report.
8.2. Additional ToR for pulp and Paper Industry
8.2.1. Additional ToR No i (A note on pulp washing system capable of handling
wood pulp)
Pulp washing provides desirable benefits associated with increased efficiency in
both screening and bleaching of the pulp. Washing results in reduced effluent
color, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) in
the wastewater.
Modern washing systems have been integrated into the heart of the kraft recovery
cycle. Satisfactory pulp washing will be achieved with a multistage counter-current
sequence where the cleanest water is added in the last stage and the resulting
filtrate will be used in the preceding stage until it reaches the blow tank or wash
zone in a continuous digester. The dominant type of pulp washing has been and
still is the multistage rotary vacuum washer. Multistage vacuum washer systems
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employ dilution/thickening, mixing, diffusion, and displacement washing
principles, i.e., every aspect of washing.
The existing pulp mill consists of chipper unit, chips grading and separation unit,
chemical digesters, black liquor evaporation plant, solids firing (recovery boiler), re-
causticizing unit, lime kiln and coal gasification unit to supply fuel gas to the kiln.
The digested pulp is screened and then processed through three-stage oxygen
delignification process and then bleached. After washing the pulp is taken for
oxygen delignification which is performed with oxygen (O2) and caustic (NaOH)
serving as the active chemicals. Pulp after Oxygen Delignification is sent to bleach
plant wherein it is bleached to the desired level using bleaching chemicals like
Chlorine, Caustic Soda, Hydrogen Peroxide and finally with Chlorine Dioxide.
During the Post MEP this bleaching sequence will be replaced with proposed ECF
Bleaching sequence “A/D-EOP-DP (chlorine dioxide, caustic, oxygen and hydrogen
peroxide)” sequence comprising of Acid treatment for pH adjustment, Chlorine
dioxide, Caustic, Oxygen and peroxide bleaching. The details are explained in
chapter 3 of EIA report.
8.2.2. Additional ToR No 2, 3, 4 & 5 (Pulping and Bleaching, Chemical
Recovery, Commitment that only elemental Chlorine-free technology
will be used for the manufacture of paper)
The detailed manufacturing process of the existing facility is included in Section
2.3 of Chapter 2 and of the proposed plant is included in Section 3.2 of Chapter 3
of the EIA report.
The mill has proposed modern wood pulp line consisting of wood chipping and
chips screening, cooking and screening, brown stock washing, oxygen
delignification, bleaching “A/D-EOP-DP” sequence comprising of chlorine dioxide
and alkaline extraction bleaching.
The recovery unit adopted in JKPL constitutes black liquor evaporator, solids
recovery boiler, re-causticizing unit and lime kiln. Entire black liquor will be
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recycled back into the system and dedicated spill collection tank and recycling
pump will be provided in the pulp mill.
Black liquor will be pre-concentrated from 14% to about 65% solids in a dedicated
evaporator and these solids will be further fired in chemical recovery boiler for
recover of chemicals. A dedicated ESP will be installed to control the emissions
from recovery boiler. NCG gases will be collected and fired in recovery boiler.
Foul condensate will be subjected to steam stripping to remove VOCs, if any and
reused for the washing and other plant applications.
During the post project scenario ECF Bleaching sequence where Chlorine Dioxide
(ClO2) will be adopted and use of nonintegrated ClO2 bleaching will be eliminated.
The dry solids generated will be processed in existing recovery boiler to produce
steam.
Kraft process will be adopted in the proposed pulp mill using Caustic Soda to
generate low Kappa number pulp, to recover the cooking chemicals and to generate
the energy need in the process from the black liquor in the recovery boiler. Lime is
also recovered in the re-causticizing plant. Rapid Displacement Heating (RDH)
technology will be adopted for wood cooking.
8.3. Risk Assessment Study and Risk Mitigation Measures
According to the standard ToR items 7(xiii) and 8 (i to iv) of the Terms of Reference
(ToR) issued for this project, preliminary hazard identification and risk assessment
were undertaken to quantify the possible fire and occupational health risks
associated with the operation of the project at the designated location. The good
engineering practices suggested by the Central Pollution Control Board for risk
assessment in industries (CPCB document Probes/133/2009-10) and CPR-18E
risk assessment procedures' guidelines which are widely accepted by the Ministry
of Environment Forests and Climate Change(MoEF&CC) India, have been adopted
while assessing the residual risks associated with the operations of the project with
specific reference to fire hazards, chemical exposure hazards, occupational hazards
and natural hazards.
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As part of the risk assessment, a preliminary review on the hazardous materials
and chemicals proposed to be handled at the site were reviewed and the storage
capacities and design features of such hazardous materials were also reviewed
while assessing the residual risks. Occupational health hazards such as exposure
to dust emissions, thermal stress and work-zone levels were also studied.
Qualitative analysis of risks associated with natural hazards such as earth quakes,
floods and cyclones were also undertaken.
8.3.1. Fire Safety
Black liquor (generated in-house), indigenous, imported coal, lignite, furnace oil
and pet coke are the fuels proposed to be used Post MEP. Furnace oil with
producer gas or with pet coke will be used in lime mud reburning kiln and furnace
oil will be used in start-up and stabilizing the operations of chemical recovery
boiler. Since the existing facility is currently using the above-mentioned fuel except
pet coke, the adequate storage and safety systems are already in place. The same
will be utilized post MEP.
Necessary permission will be obtained for the usage of pet coke during MEP.
Dedicated storage yard with necessary sprinkler system will be provided. Additional
closed storage sheds coal with water sprinkler arrangements will be provided as
the existing coal storage will not be adequate during the post project scenario.
Other combustible chemicals such as paper plant additives will be stored in sealed
drums and stored in secured warehouse so that the possibility of exposure to fire
hazards will be minimal. However there exists some remote possibility of fires in
the raw material handling operations.
Combustible chemicals- The facility is handling only “C” type combustible
chemicals such as additives and lube oils, whose flash point will be greater than
200OC as per the National Fires Safety Code, USA and these chemicals will not fall
under any of the hazard chemical category under the Schedule 1 of the
Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemical Rules, issued by Govt. of
India. These chemicals are stored in drums and placed in secured areas in the
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warehouse. Required number of fire hydrant systems and extinguishers are placed
in the warehouse.
8.3.2. Fire Protection and Fire Fighting Systems
The mill has adequate fire-fighting facilities with full-fledged fire safety systems at
the existing facility as per the National Building Codes and other good engineering
practices. The existing fire-fighting arrangements will be suitable augmented
during the MEP program of the existing plant. Photographs showing the fire
hydrant systems in the existing facilities are presented in Figure 8.1.
Figure 8-1 Existing Fire Safety Systems
The following firefighting facilities are installed at the facility:
Electrical fire pump: 137m3/hr& 250 m3/hr, diesel pump: 137 m3/hr & 250
m3/hr and Jockey pump: 1080 m3/hr.
Fire water ring main system has been provided across the plant, storage
area etc.
About 119 numbers of fire hydrants are installed as per building codes.
15 water sprinklers were installed at coal storage area.
220 fire extinguishers are installed across the facility.
20 numbers of first aid facilities are placed at all critical locations.
Necessary vacuum system and scrubbers are provided at Chlorine tonner
area.
Chlorine gas detectors are placed near the chlorine plant, and three self-
breathing operators (oxygen masks) are made available.
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Fire engine vehicle is in place.
8.3.3. Risks due to Storage and Handling of Coal and Risk Control Measures
Although coal fires are infrequent, there is a possibility of coal fires at the coal
stock yards during the summer conditions due to burning of volatile compounds.
Coal stock yard fires can be avoided by providing proper stacking design to prevent
air movement inside the coal lumps, minimizing the duration of coal storage at the
site and water sprinkling operations to maintain adequate moisture.
Captive co-generation power plants store, transfer, and use coal; therefore, careful
handling is necessary to mitigate fire and explosion risks. Recommended measures
to prevent minimize, and control fire hazards at captive co-generation power plants
include:
Use of automated combustion and safety controls
Proper maintenance of boiler safety controls
Implementation of start-up and shutdown procedures to minimize the risk of
suspending hot coal particles (e.g., in the crusher) during start-up
Regular cleaning of the facility to prevent accumulation of coal dust (e.g., on
floors, ledges, beams, and equipment)
Removal of hot spots from the coal stockpile (caused by spontaneous
combustion) and spread until cooled, avoid loading of hot coal into the
pulverized fuel system
Use of automated systems such as temperature gauges or carbon monoxide
sensors to survey solid fuel storage areas to detect fires caused by self-ignition
and to identify risk points
For planned outages, operators should take every precaution to ensure that all
idle bunkers and silos are completely empty and also verify by visual checks.
Bunkers and silos should be thoroughly cleaned by washing down their
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interior walls and any interior structural members but not their horizontal
surfaces. Idle bunkers and silos that contain coal/ lignite should be monitored
frequently for signs of spontaneous combustion by using CO monitors, infrared
scanning, or temperature scanning.
Fire-fighting systems and fire hydrant systems shall be installed at all hazard
prone areas such as coal stock yards, bunkers and silos as per the applicable
fire safety standards.
8.3. Occupational Health and Noise Management Plan
Based on the noise mapping data presented in Chapter 5 of this report, the major
noise generating sources are proposed new board machine, turbo generator and
chipper. JKPL will be procuring the equipment with guaranteed noise levels less
than 85 dBA at one (1) metre distance from the respective machines/equipment.
The predicted noise levels indicate that additional noise emissions from the
proposed project is insignificant and well within the standards prescribed by the
CPCB. In addition to the noise control programme proposed to be adopted by JKPL
as stated in Chapter 5 of this report, the following occupational noise management
plan shall be adopted:
Noise abatement measures inside the Mill site shall be undertaken, if noise levels
are above 85 dB(A); measurements must be taken and assessed by a competent
person. Such measurements should be repeated at appropriate intervals.
If noise level is above 85 dB(A) then the following procedures shall be adopted:
Inform employees of the noise levels present and measures taken to reduce
exposure.
Make ear protection available and provide training in its use.
Hearing checks must be made available to employees exposed to noise levels
in excess of 85 dB(A) over an 8-hour period.
Although ear-plugs and ear-muff will be provided to the persons working in
the Mill area, as a part of the good management practices, work rotation
scheme will be adopted for the persons working in the high noise generating
areas.
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If noise levels near the machinery exceed 90 dB(A), then the following
corrective procedure shall be adopted:
Identify reasons for excess noise and draw up a plan in place to reduce.
Identify and clearly designate hearing conservation zones.
Ear protection must be worn and its use supervised.
Employees must be trained in the hazards of noise and the correct use of
hearing protection.
8.3.4. Occupational Safety Management and Surveillance Programme
The Ministry of Labour and Employment, Government of India has a nodal
organisation, viz. Directorate General Factory Advice Service and Labour Institutes
(DGFASLI), in dealing with Occupational Safety and Health issues in Industries.
The DGFASLI is the technical arm of the Ministry on matters connected with
Occupational Health in the manufacturing and port sectors.
The Factories Act, 1948, provides for appointment of qualified Medical Practitioners
and Certified Surgeons to examine young people engaged in dangerous
manufacturing processes and to ensure medical supervision in case of illness due
to the nature of manufacturing processes. The Factories Act, 1948, also provides
for notification of certain occupational diseases as listed in the Third Schedule of
the Act. As per Section 90 of the Factories Act, 1948, the State Government is
vested with the powers to appoint a Competent Person to conduct inquiry into the
causes of any accident or notifiable diseases.
As discussed in Chapter 2, JKPL has a full-fledged Occupational Health Centre
within the mill premises. OHC is manned by a qualified two dedicated doctors,
assisted by two nurses and other supporting staff. JKPL is certified by DNV-GL as
confirming to OHSAS 18001:2007 and the certificate is valid until June 2019.
The facilities available at JKPL’s OHC are given below:
Minimum facilities such as an oxygen cylinder for emergency medical use,
Clean room with 5 beds for first aid applications, with first aid kits as per
the Factories act
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Nebulizer for treatment of COPD, Asthma and other pulmonary diseases
X-Ray Machine
ECG machine
Suction apparatus
Pulse oximeter
Audiometric test apparatus
BP apparatus
Clinical Laboratory, Routine blood and urine test facility
Ultra –Sound Scanning Machine
The hospital has an ambulance which is equipped with oxygen cylinder and
other emergency items and manned by trained drivers as per the Factories
Rules, Rule 88N.
Figure 8-2 Photographs of the OHC
OHC located inside JKPL
Oxygenator Audiometer
As part of the routine and annual medical examinations on the persons working in
the high noise generating areas, stress areas and dust exposure areas, a
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comprehensive surveillance programme may be adopted. Some of the good
management practices are suggested in Tables 8.1
Table 8-1 Suggested Frequency of Medical Examination under Occupational Health
Surveillance Programme
Age (yrs)
Periodicity Duration of exposure
Periodicity
< 30 yrs Once in five years < 10 yrs Once in five years
31-40 Once in four
years
10 to 20 Once in four years
41-50 Once in three years
21-30 Once in three years
> 51 Once a year > 31 Once a year
The regular annual medical checkups undertaken for the employees under
Occupational Surveillance program are as follows;
General Examination
Blood Pressure
Pulse
R.S
G.I.S. Liver Spleen
Musculo Skeletal System
Genito Urinary System
ENT
Neurological Examination
Skin
Dental Examination
Vision tests
Haemoglobin
Blood Biochemical Report
Lipid Profile
Urine Analysis etc
The same will be continued Post MEP.
Medical records - A record-keeping system for holding the results of medical
examinations and reports of symptoms is maintained as part of the health
surveillance scheme. These are confidential medical records relating to individuals.
As part of the health surveillance programme, employees should be informed of the
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confidential results of each assessment and of any implications of the findings,
such as the likely effects of their continuing to work.
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Chapter-9, Project Benefits
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9. PROJECT BENEFITS
This project, besides general economic desirability, would result in substantial
socioeconomic benefit to the country in general and more specifically to the region.
As per JKPL ‘s CSR policy, JKPL Unit CPM is taking up community welfare
activities for the benefit of people living in nearby villages. In addition, need based
activities are also carried out by JKPL.
Some of the specific benefits are presented below:
9.1. Improvement in the infrastructure
This being a mill modernization project, most of the infrastructure like water intake
system, power in take system, roads, drains, hospitals schools, etc are already
available in the vicinity of the plant location. However, the above infrastructure /
amenities / facilities available near the plant will be assessed based on need based
survey and will be taken up under CSR scheme for development.
9.2. Improvement in the social infrastructure
Some of the specific benefits and improvement in the social infrastructure due to
project implementation are as under:
9.2.1. Employment
The project will create direct employment to about 300 persons. In addition, it
would generate indirect employment to about 1000 persons in the industries and
service organizations and material handling, etc., which will be supported by the
operations of the mill.
During the implementation and construction stage of the project, it will generate
employment to about 1000 in direct persons for about a year
9.2.2. Revenue to State Government
The project is likely to generate income to the state by way of Goods and Service
Tax (GST) to the tune of Rs 120 crore per annum and by way of income tax and
other taxes to the tune of Rs. 30 crores per annum.
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9.2.3. Development of ancillary industries
The implementation of the project will undoubtedly provide stimulation for added
growth to a number of other industries some of which are given below;
Trucking industry which will load and haul raw materials, coal, and other supplies
to the mill and also mill outputs. The haulage requirement due to project would be
around 0.8 million tonnes per annum comprising both inputs and outputs.
Establishment of ancillary industries such as core for paper reels, core plugs,
machining and welding units, etc.
Indigenous machinery suppliers / manufacturers.
Construction industry during erection and construction period of Ancillary Business
9.2.4. Corporate Environment Responsibility (CER)
The capital CER budget is arrived based on the office memorandum Corporate
Environment Responsibility (CER) issued by MoEF&CC dated 1st May 2018. As per
the circular, the project is categorized into the brown field project with the
additional capital investment of less than 1500 Crores. In this context, Rs. 375
Lakhs has been embarked for the local community development within the vicinity
of the project area for 5 years. The CER budget is arrived by considering 0.25% of
the total project cost of Rs. 1500 Crores.
A need-based CSR assessment has been carried out and accordingly the budget
allocated will be spent for various community development programs.
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Chapter-10, Environmental Management Plan
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10. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
10.1. General
Based on detailed analysis on the possible residual environmental risks associated
with the project, a comprehensive environmental management plan has been
developed and presented in this section.
The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is required to ensure sustainable
development in the area of the Mill site. EMP also ensures that the project
implementation is carried out in accordance with the design and the mitigative
measures as recommended in the Environment Impact Assessment study to reduce
the adverse impacts during the project’s life cycle. The plan outlines existing and
potential issues that may impact the environment and recommends corrective
measures where required. The identification and quantification of impacts based
on scientific and mathematical modelling have been presented in Chapter 5.
Mitigation measures at the source level and an overall EMP for the study area are
planned for implementation, to improve the supportive capacity of the study area
and also to preserve the assimilative capacity of the receiving bodies.
10.1.1. Administrative Aspects
The key benefits of EMP are that it provides the organization with means of
managing and improving its environmental performance thereby allowing it to
contribute to better environmental quality. The other benefits include cost control
and improved relations with the stakeholders. EMP includes four major elements;
Commitment & Policy
Planning
Implementation
Measurement & Evaluation
10.1.2. Commitment and Policy
JKPL, Unit CPM has adopted a structured approach for managing environmental
and regulatory responsibilities to improve overall environmental performance,
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including areas that are not subjected to regulation such as unregulated risk,
resource conservation, energy efficiency etc.
The facility has been accorded with ISO 9001:2015, ISO 14001:2015 certification
for environmental management program, OSHAS 18001:2007 certification for
Occupational Health and Safety Management and FSC (Forest Stewardship
Council) Certification.
Figure 10-1 Certification of JKPL, Unit CPM
ISO 9001:2015 ISO 14001:2015
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OSHAS 18001:2007 FSC
JKPL, Unit CPM strives to provide and implement the Environmental Management
Plan that incorporates all issues related to environmental and social components
and comply with the suggestions given by the Ministry of Environment and Forests
& Climate Change (MoEF&CC) and Gujarat Pollution Control Board (GPCB). In this
regard, JKPL, Unit CPM has a well laid down Integrated Management Policy
(Quality, Health, Safety and Environment Management) which was approved by
their Board of Directors and is presented in the Figure 10.2.
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Figure 10-2 Integrated Management System Policy of JKPL, Unit CPM
10.1.3. Planning
This includes identification of environmental impacts, and setting environmental
objectives. JKPL, Unit CPM is committed to follow the said plan for pollution
control arrangements/ mitigation measures for different types/ sources of
pollution in letter and in spirit. As a part of the environmental management
systems (ISO 14001) of the facility, JKPL, Unit CPM has identified and captured all
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possible significant environmental aspects and also adopted environmental risk
mitigation plans as per the applicable standards and environmental clearance
issued for the facility. A core environmental management committee is formed
headed by qualified senior personnel to ensure Environmental Management
Systems that have been designed to implement Environmental Management Plans
in the existing facility.
10.1.4. Implementation
The JKPL, Unit CPM has been adopting various cleaner production technologies to
achieve waste minimization, cost reduction and sustainable development. Also, the
unit has been ensuring that trained manpower is available for operating,
maintaining and documenting the effective environmental operations. Thus, the
same measures will be continued during the post project scenario.
10.1.5. EHS Management System
For the effective implementation of the mitigation measures and consistent
functioning of the project, an Environment Health and Safety (EHS) Management
System has been adopted by JKPL, Unit CPM. The EMS includes the following:
10.1.6. Environmental Management Records
The unit has been maintaining a system of records to demonstrate compliance with
the environmental performance management system and the extent of achievement
of the environmental objectives and targets
10.1.7. Environmental Management Plan Structure
The facility has a full-fledged environmental cell headed by qualified senior
personnel to ensure Environmental Management Systems that have been designed
to implement Environmental Management Plans in the existing facility by adopting
ISO-14001 certified system. JKPL, Unit CPM is committed to implement
environmental management programs on continual basis. The environmental
department work towards ensuring 100% compliance with stipulated regulations
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and guidelines. The facility has been accorded with ISO 14001:2015 certification
for environmental management program. The emissions and treated wastewater
quality are continuously being monitored at the site. A full-fledged R&D lab is
established within the facility for effective monitoring. The organogram of
environmental management cell is presented in the Figure 2.7, Chapter 2 of the
report.
10.1.8. Measurement & Evaluation
This includes monitoring and implementation of the identified mitigation
measures, corrective actions and record keeping. Wherever required, appropriate
mitigation measures have been recommended to minimize the impact on the
environmental and social parameters.
The existing facility has been adopting various environmental monitoring programs
as per the consent to operate issued by state pollution control board and the
environmental monitoring data is submitted to state pollution control board
(GPCB) regularly. Online emission monitoring and wastewater quality monitoring
are being adopted on designated and mandated emissions and discharges as per
the state pollution control board guidelines. The same will be continued during the
post project scenario.
10.2. Environmental Management Plan During Construction Phase
During construction phase, the construction activities like excavation, leveling,
grading and transportation of the construction material may cause impacts on the
surroundings for a shorter period within a limited time. However, the
constructional phase impacts are temporary and localised phenomena except the
permanent change in local landscape and land use pattern of the project site.
10.2.1. Site Preparation
Since the project site is fully developed and an existing fully-fledged plant is
already existing, leveling and other site preparation activities are not envisaged.
Cutting of trees for the construction of the proposed facilities within the plant are
not envisaged. The Proposed MEP of JKPL, unit CPM involves shifting and re-
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installation of bleached chemical wood pulp mill from JKPL, unit Rayagada, Orissa.
The applicable Construction and Demolition waste Rules 2016 will be adopted
during the construction phase of the project.
During dry weather conditions, dust may be generated by activities like excavation
and transportation through unmetalled roads. The dust will be suppressed using
water sprinkling. The mill shall make provision for water sprinklers at the
construction areas. Demolition waste consists of concrete works, sanitary utilities,
wooden and roofing materials, metals and removal of all the electrical fittings and
associated cables. Proper handling of the demolished materials will be done
through the authorized and guided transportation and will be disposed away from
the site area.
10.2.2. Air quality Management during Construction Phase
The activities like site development, grading and vehicular traffic contribute to
marginal increase in PM, SO2 and NOx concentrations. The following management
measures will be recommended to minimize the impacts:
Most of the places of the existing facility are already paved and hence the possibility
of generation of dust emissions from the plant during the construction phase will be
less significant. However, sprinkling of water on roads and construction site will be
adopted during the construction phase of the MEP project.
Implementing proper upkeep and maintenance of vehicles. Pollution under Control
(PUC) certified vehicles will be used for transporting machinery and materials.
Power required for the construction activities will be sourced from the existing
captive power plant, hence no additional diesel engine generators will be installed or
used at project sites for power requirements.
10.2.3. Noise Level Management During Construction Phase
Noise emissions from the construction activities will be limited to movement of
trucks and material transfer operations. Construction activities will be limited to
day time (8am – 5pm) to avoid any possible noise related impacts on the nearby
areas during the night time conditions. In case of any necessity to carry out works
in night, only limiting measurements and markings will be done. High noise
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generating systems such as generators will not be operated as the power plant will
be sourced from captive power plant for construction activities. High noise and
vibration causing construction activities such as blasting and drilling etc are not
envisaged under the current scenario. Earmuffs will be provided to the workers.
In the event construction noise levels at the facility boundary exceed the industrial
limit of 70 dB(A), temporary noise barriers shall be installed to minimize the overall
noise related impacts on the nearby areas.
10.2.4. Water Quality Management during Construction Phase
The proposed MEP activities will be developed within the existing facility and hence
diversion of natural streams and canals are not envisaged. Water for construction
will be supplied from existing mill water supply systems. The chemicals (paints,
oils etc) shall be stored in designated areas. There is no likelihood of groundwater
contamination as there will not be any process wastewater discharge on to the
ground during construction. As far as possible, the work-force will be sourced from
the local areas and hence onsite construction workers camps are not envisaged.
Existing toilets, rest rooms and drinking water facilities will be made available to
all contract workers during the construction phase. No sewage will be discharged
outside the mill facilities.
Onsite construction vehicle maintenance and washing activities are not envisaged
at site. Hence discharges from construction vehicle maintenance activities are not
envisaged.
10.2.5. Solid & Hazardous Waste Management During Construction Phase
The hazardous materials used during the construction may include petrol, diesel,
welding gas and paints. Construction sites handle small quantities of lube oils and
diesel for running the construction equipment. In order to avoid soil contamination
due to accidental spills, it has been recommended to provide spill absorbing
material at the construction site and the contaminated soil should be excavated
and these materials shall be stored, and disposed off to hazardous waste disposal
sites according to the guidelines specified.
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10.2.6. Ecological Management During the Construction Phase
As the proposed facilities for MEP will be located within the existing mill premises,
no effect on vegetation is anticipated. Greenbelt is already in place in the existing
facility which acts as barrier for any noise emissions and construction dust
emissions
10.2.7. Socio-Economic Aspects during the Construction Phase
The proposed MEP project will be developed within the existing facility and no
additional land will be acquired for the same. Hence Resettlement and
Rehabilitation (R&R) aspects are not applicable. Thus, there will not be any adverse
socio-economic implications due to the proposed MEP project. The existing facility
is already providing employment to more than 2230 and indirect employment to
more than 4500 people. The economic activities in the area have been improved
due to the operation of the facility.
10.3. Environmental Management Plan during Operation Phase
The Environmental Management Plan for the proposed project aims at minimizing
the pollution the source. Management of JKPL, Unit CPM is committed to
implement all applicable environmental and safety guidelines. Operational phase
environmental management plan includes the following;
Air quality Management Plan
Noise Management Plan
Water and Wastewater Management
Solid and Hazardous Waste Disposal Management
Sustainable Agro Forestry
Storm Water Management Plan
Ecological/ Biodiversity Improvement Plan
Community Development Plan
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10.3.1. Air Quality Management Plan
The main sources of air pollution from the proposed project and most likely
possible residual impacts on air environment due to the operation of the plant have
been discussed in Chapter 5 of the report.
It may be seen that the prevailing ambient air quality in the study area is within
the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQs). It may also be noted that the
predicted ground level concentrations due to emissions from proposed coal fired
boiler, chemical recovery boiler and lime kiln represent the worst-case scenario
considering the maximum limit of emission standards prescribed for MoEF&CC.
Also, it is to be noted that, the existing power boilers (CFB#1- 20tph and CFB#2-
30 tph) will be retired and existing recovery boiler will be kept as standby. Thus,
the net increase in emissions from the proposed project will be much lower than
the predicted levels.
The emission rates for the proposed coal fired boiler were estimated based on the
new thermal power plant standard dated 2015 for PM, SO2 and NOX (i.e. 30
mg/Nm3, 100 mg/Nm3 and 100 mg/Nm3 respectively).
The emission rates for the proposed chemical recovery boiler are estimated based
on MoEF&CC limits for boilers used in the other industries including paper and
pulp, as per MoEF&CC notification dated 29th January 2018 which is 600 mg/Nm3
and 300 mg/Nm3 respectively for SO2 and NOx.
Whereas, the emission rates for the proposed limekiln are estimated based
MoEF&CC standard for lime kiln dated 22nd March 2018 which is 400 mg/Nm3
and 500 mg/Nm3 respectively for SO2 and NOx.
Hence necessary control measures will be adopted to limit the pollutant
concentration from the proposed coal fired boiler, chemical recovery boiler and lime
kiln well within standards prescribed by MoEF&CC. At any given point of time, the
controlled PM, SO2 and NOx emissions from the above-mentioned sources will not
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exceed the prescribed standards. The following management plan will be adopted
in the plant during operation phase.
10.3.1.1. Reduction of Emissions at Source
Dedicated Electrostatic Precipitators (ESP) will be installed for control of Particulate
Matter (PM) emissions from the proposed boiler in the captive power plant,
proposed chemical recovery boiler and lime kiln. ESP will be designed to achieve
emission norms of 30 mg/Nm3 for the proposed coal fired boiler as per MoEF&CC
December 2015 notification for the new boilers to be installed from 1st January
2017.
It is proposed to adopt dry limestone addition method for capturing SO2 emissions
within the combustion chamber of the proposed CFBC boiler. The uncontrolled
emissions from the boiler when operated with 100% Indian coal will be in the order
of 200 Kg/hr, which will be further reduced to 16 Kg/hr through dry lime addition
process (@90 % efficiency). About 3 Kg limestone (80% quality) would be required
for removing every kilogram of SO2 emissions in the combustion chamber. This
means about 13 tpd of limestone would be required for the control emissions to the
desired levels. Limestone and spent lime mud (80% purity) form the chemical
recovery plant will be utilized in the proposed CFBC boiler to meet the emission
norms.
Based on the continuous emission data, NOx levels in the existing boiler is
reported less than 50 mg/Nm3, hence the NOx emissions will be maintained below
100 mg/Nm3 as per FBC technology to meet the emission norms. The low
combustion temperature in the Fluidized bed type boiler results in minimal NOx
formation.
Stacks of adequate height will be installed for the proposed coal fired boiler,
chemical recovery boiler and lime kiln as per the minimum stack height norms by
CPCB for efficient dispersion of gases.
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10.3.1.2. Fugitive Emissions Control
To control the wind-borne coal dust fugitive dust emissions, closed type storage
sheds and coal conveyer will be provided with water sprinkling system
arrangement. Necessary dust collection systems will be installed at coal handling,
conveyors and storage areas.
Also the unit has already implemented various fugitive emissions control plan in
the existing facility and similar practices will be continued after MEP program and
summary of various such measured proposed to be adopted are presented
hereunder;
As per the existing scenario, closed type storage sheds and coal conveyer
will be provided with water sprinkling system arrangement.
All coal transfer points are provided with dust extraction and collection
systems. Bag filter type dust collectors are provided at coal crusher, grizzle
hopper screen, coal bunker, fly ash silo and all transfer points. Similarly,
Necessary dust collection systems will be installed at coal handling,
conveyors and storage areas.
Adequate numbers of water sprinkling systems are installed at coal and ash
handling areas and based on amount of coal handled and meteorological
conditions, the intensity of the water sprinkling shall be adopted.
Unloading of coal trucks shall be carried out with proper care, avoiding
dropping of the materials from height. It is advisable to moisten the material
by sprinkling water while unloading, handling and during storage
Mobile road dust cleaning machines shall be employed to collect coal fines if
any
The sprinkling of water has been done along the internal roads in the plant
in order to control the dust arising due to the movement of vehicular traffic
High efficiency bag filters were installed at the coal yard, coal transfer points
and preparation yards for the control of dust.
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Green belt and plantation in the existing facility is maintained as per CPCB
guidelines. Adequately designed additional greenbelt will be developed for
further control the fugitive emissions, if any.
10.3.1.3. Management of Non-Condensable Gases
As discussed in Chapter 5, it is proposed to install ECF Chemical Wood Pulp Mill
for cooking processes. The NCGs and Mercaptans formed at the pulp mill section
digesters, blow tank systems and evaporators will be controlled by installing NCG
gas extraction system to collect the NCGs and Mercaptans which will be fired in the
lime kiln.
10.3.2. Noise Management Plan
The impact of noise generated due to plant operations has been estimated in
Chapter 5. Sound pressure levels at the facility boundary will be maintained below
50 dB (A), which is well within the stipulated threshold noise level of 75 dB (A)-(day
time) for industrial area.
The specifications for procuring major noise generating machines/
equipment shall include built-in design requirements to have minimum
noise levels meeting Occupational Safety and Health Association (OSHA)
requirement.
Steam turbine and turbo-generator in the co-generation plant will be
provided with acoustic insulation and, also, will be placed in a closed room.
Proposed New Board Machine will be housed inside building.
Appropriate noise barriers/shields, silencers etc will be provided in the
equipment, wherever feasible and necessary. As far as possible, noise
emanating from noisy equipment shall be adequately attenuated by
enclosures, insulations etc.
Ear plugs are being provided to workmen working near high noise
generating sources
The existing greenbelt around the plant will further attenuate noise levels
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10.3.3. Water and Wastewater Management
10.3.3.1. Water Conservation
The existing mill has adopted various water conservation measures to bring down
the specific water consumption upto 40 m3/t of product. The improved recycling
from paper machines in the existing mill, increased use of paper machine effluent
after treatment in clarifier, recycling of filtrate from chlorine washer of bleach plant
for dilution of chlorinated pulp from chlorine tower to chlorine washer vat,
introducing poly disc filter in paper machine-2 for fiber recovery and filtrate water
recycling, water saving due to board plant effluent mixed with paper machine
effluent and recycled after primary clarifier etc are some of the major water
conservation measures adopted at the existing facility.
Further to this, the specific water consumption per tonne of paper/board
production will reduce considerably from 40m3/t to 32 m3/t during the post MEP
scenario due to the adoption of ECF Bleaching technologies and other efficient
water use processes and water conservation operations.
Total fresh water requirement for the post MEP is about 37,000 m3/day. The
additional fresh water required for the proposed project (16,500 m3/day) will also
be sourced from Ukai Left Bank Canal as per the existing scenario. Necessary in-
principle permission for 10 MGD has been obtained from the concerned authority
for the drawl of additional fresh water.
10.3.3.2. Wastewater Generation and its Treatment
The specific wastewater generation per tonne of paper/board production will
reduce from 36 m3/T to 29 m3/T during the Post MEP scenario. In addition to this,
due to the adoption of ECF Bleaching operations, the specific COD load on the ETP
will reduce considerably. The total wastewater generation during the post MEP
scenario will be in the order of 30,000 m3/day. The existing ETP of capacity 30,000
m3/day will be upgraded with addition of required new pollution abatement
equipment and processes to meet the additional hydraulic volumes during the post
MEP. The recommended ETP design scheme is presented in the Chapter 5.
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As a part of MEP, it is proposed to segregate the streams from pulp and
paper/board mill and treat separately. In addition to the existing ETP, a new ETP
will be installed for treating the effluents.
The existing ETP will be large enough to handle proposed non-color effluents from
paper and board machines. Hence it is recommended to segregate the total
wastewater from the mill into the following streams:
Stream 1: Pulp mill wastewater (coloured and High COD streams)
Stream 2: Paper mill wastewater (Non coloured and Low COD streams)
Stream 3: Utilities, DM plant rejects, CT blowdowns etc
Existing ETP shall be utilized for Paper and board mill wastewater (Stream 2)
treatment. Pulp mill wastewater (Stream 1) shall be treated in a new biological unit
with DAF (for colour removal). Other utilities wastewater (Stream 3) shall be treated
in a dedicated clarifier.
The treated wastewater quality will be maintained within the standards as
prescribed by GPCB/CPCB. Dedicated STP is proposed to be installed to treat the
domestic sewage generated from the colony and plant.
The AOx levels in the treated wastewater will be maintained within the GPCB limit
of 8 mg/l by adopted better cooking processes and reducing the kappa no of pulp,
ECF bleaching technology will be adopted in the pulp production process.
10.3.3.3. Wastewater Utilization
The treated wastewater of about 2000 m3/day will be utilized for various
applications as per the existing practices such as chips washing, coal dust
scrubbing, bamboo wetting, ash dust suppression and floor washing and reusing
in process areas such as pulp mill, re-causticizing unit, utilities including cooling
tower etc.
The balance 27,800 m3/day of treated wastewater is proposed to be 100 % utilized
for land irrigation. The mill has about 1050 acres currently available for the
utilization of treated wastewater for land irrigation. Considering the application
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rate of 45 m3/ha/day for clayey soil as per the MoEF&CC notification dated 14th
January 2016, about 475 acres of additional land is required for the complete
utilization of treated wastewater for land irrigation. Thus, CPM unit has
approached nearby farmers to meet the additional land requirement for reusing the
treated wastewater for irrigation. Additional pumping and pipeline systems will be
installed for disposal of additional treated wastewater for irrigation in the area.
However, considering the challenges in utilizing 100% of the treated wastewater
quantity for irrigation due to variations in the cropping pattern, JKPL unit CPM
requests MoEF&CC to grant permission to discharge treated wastewater of about
20 % into Goda Nala during off crop seasons and monsoon after conforming to the
discharge standards prescribed by GPCB.
10.3.4. Solid and Hazardous Waste Management
No major solid wastes are generated from the paper and pulp mill and associated
processes. All the solid wastes generated in the mill are from the auxiliary plants
and they include lime sludge from the recausticising section, ash from the boilers,
sludge from the wastewater treatment plant and wood dust from the pulp mill.
As per the existing practices, the wood dust will be used as alternative fuel in
Boiler, fly ash will be used for Cement/Brick manufacturing, lime grit will be used
as backfilling material at abandoned stone quarry, ETP sludge will be sold to board
manufacturers and spent oil will be disposed to authorized recyclers. The details of
the quantities generated post MEP are presented in the section 5.3.9, Chapter 5
of the report.
10.3.5. Sustainable Agro Forestry
JKPL, Unit CPM has implemented social and farm forestry plantations of
Eucalyptus, Subabul and Casuarina within 350 Km radius of the mill covering
different parts of Gujarat, Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh in about 1,35,000
acres of land. Gujarat state forest department is also promoting social & farm
forestry plantations. They are also providing financial assistance for the farmers for
their agro forestry plantations in their regime. In line with the same, JKPL unit
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CPM has distributed about 2556 lakhs of saplings to the nearby farmers from the
year 2002 to 2018. The unit has already developed year wise for contract farming
plantation program up to year 2028 covering 314000 acres of land to implement
agro forestry and farm forestry in order to meet the wood demand in the future.
In addition, JKPL unit CPM has developed an action plan for enhancing captive
plantation by planting saplings within the facility. The main aim of the project is to
include the barren and unproductive land under cultivation through local farmers
and ensuring the raw material supply locally. The project developed a considerable
amount of economic activity among the people around 350km of the CPM. In
addition also increased employment opportunities among the local people in the
plantation farms. This program also reduces the import of raw material. Under the
program about 68,000 farmers have been enrolled and 100% of the wood
requirement is sourced through the Agro Forestry and Farm Forestry plantations
10.3.6. Feasibility of Rainwater Harvesting in the Existing Project Site
For evaluating the feasibility of Rainwater harvesting within the project site, 5
years monthly normal rainfall has been considered. The pre and post project runoff
from the project site is estimated based on Rational method. The Co-efficient used
to estimate the runoff from the different surfaces is as follows. The co-efficient are
considered are as per the MoEF and CGWA Guidelines.
Roof Area - 0.95
Asphalt and Paved Area - 0.85
Green Belt Area - 0.20
Open and Vacant Area - 0.30
Volume of rainwater that can be collected from the project site has been estimated
for the monthly normal rainfall.
Vacant & Green belt area, Roof top area and paved area of the project site have
been separated for the run off estimation and conservation measures have been
suggested.
The details of various areas are as follows
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Table 10-1 Details of the Area in the Existing mill
Description Total area in Sq.m
Roof Area 623216
Asphalt/ Paved area 40469
Green belt, Lawn/ Vacant area 805325
Total Area 1469010
10.3.6.1. Pre-construction Runoff
Rational method has been used to estimate the runoff for the project site. As the
site is an undisturbed land the volume of water that is being generated after
natural recharge is about 483443 m3/Year. The calculation is presented in the
form of table below;
Table 10-2 Predicted Pre-Construction Runoff
Month Rainfall
(mm)
Area in
Sq.m
Runoff Coefficient
Monthly Pre Project Runoff in m3
January 0.0 1469010 0.3 0
February 0.0 1469010 0.3 0
March 2.8 1469010 0.3 1234
April 0.0 1469010 0.3 0
May 0.0 1469010 0.3 0
June 109.1 1469010 0.3 48081
July 484.7 1469010 0.3 213626
August 213.5 1469010 0.3 94108
September 232.6 1469010 0.3 102508
October 45.8 1469010 0.3 20184
November 0.8 1469010 0.3 370
December 7.6 1469010 0.3 3332
Total Annual Pre Project-Runoff in m3 483443
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10.3.6.2. Post Project Run-off
The same rainfall and the land area have been taken up for the estimation of runoff
for the prediction from the project site. As the vacant exposed land would be
converted in to build up land, the natural recharge that had taken place during the
pre-construction period would not occur and hence there would be meager
infiltration. The losses such as, Percolation, evaporation and other unforeseen
loses has been considered.
Post – construction runoff from different surfaces are presented in the Table below;
Table 10-3 Predicted Post Construction Run-Off
Month Rainfall in mm
Runoff Roof area Cum
Runoff Asphalt /
Paved area Cum
Runoff Green belt area Cum
Total Monthly Runoff Cum
January 0.0 0 0 0 0
February 0.0 0 0 0 0
March 2.0 1184 69 322 2759
April 0.0 0 0 0 0
May 0.0 0 0 0 0
June 109.1 64593 3753 17572 150511
July 484.7 286993 16674 78075 668735
August 213.5 126428 7345 34394 294595
September 232.6 137712 8001 37464 320889
October 45.8 27116 1575 7377 63184
November 0.8 497 29 135 1158
December 7.6 4476 260 1218 10430
Total 1096.2 649000 37707 176556 1512263
Total Predicted Annual Runoff from Different Surfaces in Cum 1512263
Total Predicted Post project runoff from the project site – 1512263 m3/Year
10.3.6.3. Conservation Measures
The estimation of runoff from the project site has been assessed. Based on vacant,
roof top area and the monthly rainfall and runoff, the storage structures and
percolation pond with recharge tube well have been contemplated.
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Roof top collection:
The roof water collection is estimated as 3600 m3/year
9 sumps with a total capacity of 450 m3 have been suggested to capture the
roof water. Each sump size is 5m X 4m X 2.5m
The rainwater that is been generated from the roof is proposed to pass through a
filter media. The proposed filter media is multiplayer vertical filters. The size of the
filter media is as follows:
The size of the multiplayer vertical filter is 2m X 2m X 0.9m
The outlet pipes from the roof area are connected with 115 mm dia PVC pipe
allowing the water to pass through the filter media before storing in the
sump
Rainwater Harvesting scheme for the proposed site - Roof top Collection
Location Area
(sq m) Runoff Coefficient
Total Roof Area 623216 0.95
Actual Sump Capacity m3 450
Harvestable water m3 649000
Water harvested m3 3600
Surplus outflow from Sump
m3 645399
Month Rain fall
(mm) Harvestable Water (m3)
Sump Storage
(m3)
Surplus out flow
from Sump (m3)
January 0.0 0 0 0
February 0.0 0 0 0
March 2.0 1184 450 734
April 0.0 0 0 0
May 0.0 0 0 0
June 109.1 64593 450 64143
July 484.7 286993 450 286543
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August 213.5 126428 450 125978
September 232.6 137712 450 137262
October 45.8 27116 450 26666
November 0.8 497 450 47
December 7.6 4476 450 4026
TOTAL 1096.2 648999 3600 645399
The surplus runoff after roof top collection and from the green belt, asphalt area
has been estimated for Plant area
Surplus runoff after roof top collection – 645399 m3/Year
Runoff from Asphalt area - 37707 m3/Year
Runoff from Green belt area - 17656 m3/Year
Total runoff - 859662 m3/Year
25 numbers of recharge shaft with bore well in the storm water drain have been
recommended.
Recharge shaft with bore well to a depth of 15 m is recommended in the Storm
water drain. The size of the recharge shaft may 3m length X 3m width and 3m
depth. In the center of the recharge shaft a bore well with a dia of 6 inches may be
drilled and perforated pipes shall be inserted to facilitate the vertical and horizontal
movement of ground water. The Recharge shaft with bore well not only recharges
the shallow water table aquifer but also the deepens fractured aquifer.
EIA for the Proposed Modernization and Expansion Plan (MEP) of Existing Paper/Board Manufacturing Plant at JKPL Unit: CPM, Fort Songadh, Dist Tapi, Gujarat
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Chapter-10, Environmental Management Plan
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Figure 10-3 Existing Storm Water drain
Figure 10-4 Picture showing Rain water harvesting through storm water drain
EIA for the Proposed Modernization and Expansion Plan (MEP) of Existing Paper/Board Manufacturing Plant at JKPL Unit: CPM, Fort Songadh, Dist Tapi, Gujarat
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Existing water storage reservoir would be used within the project site to capture
the runoff.
Sl. No Description Capacity in m3
1 Pond 1 150000
Total Capacity 150000
The total capacity of the pond is 150000 m3/Year
The rainwater from the above area is proposed to take to the storage pond
through unlined open channel with a width of 0.5 m
The reservoir collection is estimated as 496008 m3 / Year
Evaporation losses (monthly evaporation has been considered – 20%) are
estimated as 170258 m3/Year.
Quantity of water added to the ground water reservoir from the storage /
percolation with recharge bore well is estimated as 325750 m3/Year.
The surplus from the storage pond is proposed to let out through the
natural stream
10.3.7. Ecology and Biodiversity Management Plan
The best available technologies that ameliorate the negative impacts of the project
on the local vegetation and wildlife have been incorporated in the design and
construction of the existing facility and similar practices will be adopted in the mill
expansion plan. Efforts will be taken to increase the green-cover, primarily, around
the project-site, and secondarily, in the successive outer zones within a 10 km
radius of the project site, using native plants with a view to ameliorating project-
related disturbances and enhancing the ecological value of the area. Plantations
should include only native species. No exotic or non-native species should be
planted in the area.
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10.3.7.1. Greenbelt Enhancement Plan
The greenbelt development plan aims at overall improvement in the environmental
conditions of the region. The plan is developed with following objectives.
Prevention of land degradation due to activities during construction phase
Enhancing the forest cover for increasing the biodiversity of the region
Providing aesthetic value to the project area
Enhancing the ecological equilibrium of the area
Prevention of negative impacts on crop fields
A detailed survey was conducted with respect to existing forest types and
vegetation diversity in the project area for development of greenbelt around project
components. The greenbelt plan has been formulated considering the parameters
such as climate, soil types etc. Greenbelt around project location will attenuate
dust emission and noise during project activities.
Nursery Development
Nurseries would be developed with 6 to 8 seedlings per m2 for potted plants.
Nursery saplings would be developed for species such as Cocos nucifera, Leucaena
leucocephala, Mangifera indica, Polyalthia longifolia, Casuarina equisetofolia, Melia
dubia, Acacia auriculiformis, Albizia lebbeck, Azadiracta indica, Butea monosperma,
Dalbergia sisoo, Tectona grandis, Gmelina arborea, Pongamia pinnata, Terminalia
arjuna and Tamarindus indicus. Methods like seed sowing and grafting shall be
adopted.
General Guidelines Regarding the Plantation-plan
Ground-vegetation should be allowed to shed seeds before cutting or mowing it for
mulch. This would leave behind a seed-bank to flourish in the next growing-
season, providing a natural source of mulch for the following year. Burning of land
must be avoided, as it reduces soil-quality, and harms the ground-vegetation,
invertebrates, amphibians, reptiles, mammals and ground-nesting birds.
The original topography and vegetation of the site must be retained, that newly-
planted saplings may get the benefit of their natural micro-climate and may survive
with relatively less inputs. Soil from the site should be used for the plantation, as
far as possible, and supplemented with external nutrients only where necessary.
Chemical fertilizers or pesticides must be avoided, as they reduce soil-quality and
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integrity, as also, the food/medicinal value of plants. Locally available leaf-litter,
grass-cuttings, agricultural residue, compost or other organic material may be
used as supplementary plant-nutrients.
Dumping of waste on the soil must be avoided. Non-biodegradable waste must be
carefully collected and safely disposed. Biodegradable waste should be collected
and processed, that it may be used to enrich the site-soil. Water-saving practices,
such as drip-irrigation and mulching, are recommended.
Biodiversity Enhancement Plan
A three-tier approach is suggested for biodiversity enhancement around project
site. In first tier efforts should be made to enhance green cover within plant
premises. In tier two, plantation activities should be extended to 5 km radius. In
third stage efforts should be taken for conservation of Reservoir and other
Conservation Reserve, in consultation with forest department and NGOs working in
this field. On successful implementation of Tier 1 and 2 plantations, diversity of
region is expected to be increased.
10.4. Corporate Environment Responsibility
In addition to CSR activities, need based CER plan is developed based on the
socioeconomic indicators, field observations and based on the felt needs of the
people during the primary survey. The need based CER programs are proposed for
the villages adjacent to the project site. In addition to the existing CSR activities,
additional support needs to be given for the proposed CER. Some of the key
observations related to lack of facilities or people’s basic needs are illustrated
below.
10.4.1. Proposed CER Programs:
Drinking water: Most of the adjacent villages in the study area are in need of safe
drinking water facility. Most of the villages deprived by safe drinking water and are
left to drink the ground water. Treated drinking water shall be provided to the
villages adjacent to the plant.
Health Care Facilities: In addition to the health care programs carried under
existing CSR program, JKPL, Unit CPM shall expand the health care facilities such
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as developing a Primary Health centre adjacent to the CPM to provide free medical
care to the poor and needy and by expanding the Mobile Health Van (MHV)
network to the other villages.
Road Safety programs: The proposed project raw material and finished products
are proposed to handle in the existing road. Traffic load adequacy study shall be
carried out along with the road safety awareness programs for the truck drivers
and to the local community.
Irrigation Facilities: Agriculture is the major source of economic activity in the
region and major portion of the land is rain fed due to lack of irrigation facilities.
Providing irrigation facilities such as expanding the treated waste water irrigation
network to the other adjacent villages and providing irrigation infrastructure
facilities such as Lift Irrigation facilities, Canals, etc from the Tapi River.
Education Facilities: Schools in the study area are deprived by the basic facilities
such as safe drinking water facility, sanitation facilities and other infrastructure
facilities. Ground water quality is not within the drinking water standard and most
the schools are using ground water for drinking purpose. RO system, safe
sanitation facilities, etc can be taken as part of CER program.
Environment Protection: Most of the villages adjacent to the project site reported
to environmental issues such as Odour, dust emission related problems. As
inferred from the baseline environmental study data, all the pollution related
parameters are within the permissible limits. To overcome the same the additional
environmental protection measures, community plantations, etc can be taken as
part of CER.
10.4.2. Proposed CER Budget
The capital CER budget is arrived based on the office memorandum Corporate
Environment Responsibility (CER) issued by MoEF&CC dated 1st May 2018. As per
the circular, the project is categorized into the brown field project with the
additional capital investment of less than 1500 Crores. In this context, Rs. 375
Lakhs has been embarked for the local community development within the vicinity
of the project area for 5 years. The CER budget is arrived by considering 0.25% of
the total project cost of Rs. 1500 Crores. The project proponent will ensure in
allocating the below mentioned funds for timely implementation.
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Table 10-4 Proposed CER Budget
S.No Program Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Total
(Rs. Lakhs)
1 Drinking Water 22.5 22.5 22.5 22.5 22.5 112.5
2 Health and Road Safety 15 15 15 15 15 75
3 Irrigation Facilities 15 15 15 15 15 75
4 Education Facilities 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 37.5
5 Environment 15 15 15 15 15 75
Total 75 75 75 75 75 375
10.5. EMP Budget
Total investment for the installation of project is Rs 1500 Crore. Out of which,
about Rs. 55 crore is allocated towards pollution control and monitoring systems.
The budget allocation for EMP is presented in the Table 10.2.
Table 10-5 EMP Budget Allocation
SL. No Pollution Control Systems Capital Cost
in Lakhs
A Air Pollution Control:
1 Closed storage sheds for coal with water sprinklers arrangements
250
2 Dust collection systems for coal handling, conveyors, silos and storage areas
120
3 ESP for the proposed power boiler with stack
600
4 In order to meet the new power plant standards, provision for blending of lime stone powder
40
5 ESP for the proposed recovery boiler with stack height of 70 m
300
6 ESP for proposed limekiln with stack
300
7 Dust collection systems for handling of lime mud and lime stone
80
8 NCG gas collection and firing in lime kiln. Dedicated scrubber for NCG emissions from pulp mill (low volume NCG gases)
200
Sub Total (A) 1890
B Water Conservation and Wastewater treatment facility:
1 Paper/board machine water recycling facilities including SAVE 900
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SL. No Pollution Control Systems Capital Cost
in Lakhs all clarifier system
2 Existing ETP upgradation/augmentation 1550
3 Tertiary treatment facility for removing colour (chemical treatment with DAF) in the pulp mill stream wastewater
500
4 Sludge from biological treatment units (existing and proposed ETP) will be treated in a new sludge decanter
100
5 A new STP will be installed to treat the entire domestic wastewater
100
6 Additional pumping and pipeline systems for disposal of additional treated wastewater for irrigation in the area.
50
Sub Total (B) 3200
C Solid waste management
1 Collection and disposal of lime mud to cement plants and brick manufacturers
10
2 Collection and disposal of primary clarifier sludge to secondary board manufacturers
10
Sub Total (C) 20
D Environmental monitoring systems
1 Continuous emission monitoring systems for boilers and kiln 50
2 Continuous ambient air quality monitoring systems (three units as per CPCB guidelines)
150
Sub Total (D) 200
E Fire safety systems (E) 200
Total in Lakhs (A+B+C+D+E) 5510
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Chapter-11, Conclusions
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11. CONCLUSIONS
Based on the information stated in the project report and also an independent
assessment on the baseline environmental status and prediction of impacts, the
following conclusions are made.
Based on the findings of the detailed air quality modelling exercise, it has
been inferred that the resultant cumulative concentration at around 10 Kms
radius distance from project site post MEP will comply with the NAAQ
Standards.
Full-fledged wastewater treatment facilities and high efficiency Electrostatic
Precipitators (ESP) and other pollution abatement measures will result in
minimizing the adverse impacts on the environment
The NCGs and Mercaptans formed at the pulp mill section digesters, blow
tank systems and evaporators will be controlled by installing NCG gas
extraction system
In addition to the existing pollution control systems and environmental
management program of the existing facility, the management of JKPL, Unit
CPM has proposed to invest additionally about Rs.55 crores towards
various pollution control and environmental management programs under
the MEP project
The management of JKPL, Unit CPM has spent about Rs.39.68 Lakhs on
various CSR activities in the financial year 2017-2018. In addition to CSR
activities, need based CER plan is developed. Rs. 375 Lakhs has been
embarked for the local community development within the vicinity of the
project area for 5 years as a part of Corporate Environment Responsibility.
The project will create direct employment to about 300 persons. In addition,
it would generate indirect employment to about 1000 persons in the
industries and service organizations and material handling, etc., which will
be supported by the operations of the mill.
This project will have significant beneficial effects in terms of growth and
development of the regional economy
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The project will also pave way for additional growth of ancillary industries in
the region, which will not only increase the employment potential but also
further strengthen the economic base of the region.
The proposed project is structured to be in line with the requirements of
MoEF/CPCB/GPCB
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12. DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS
12.1. Introduction
The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Environment Management Plan
(EMP) report has been prepared by carrying out various scientific studies. The
studies have been carried out by M/s. Cholamandalam MS Risk Services
Limited, Chennai, India with technical support from SPB Projects and
Consultancy Limited.
The profiles of the Consultants are given below,
12.2. Cholamandalam MS Risk Services Limited – EIA Consultant
M/s. Cholamandalam MS Risk Services Ltd (CMSRSL) is a joint venture between
the Murugappa group, India and Mitsui Sumitomo Insurance Group, Japan.
CMSRSL is an ISO 9001:2008 certified company. CMSRSL offers safety and
environmental consulting services across India, Middle East and East Asian
countries. CMSRSL consists of six consulting domains such as environmental
engineering and management, process safety, fire safety, electrical safety,
construction safety and logistics risk assessment. CMSRSL is a NABET accredited
EIA consulting organization for undertaking EIA studies in the following sectors:
paper and pulp, thermal power plants, petroleum refineries, petrochemical
complex, chemical fertilizers, synthetic organic chemical industries, ports and
harbours and area development projects. CMSRSL has offered environmental and
safety related consulting services for more than 5000 clients during last decade.
12.2.1. Details of Experts/Consultants Engaged for this EIA Study
Details of Experts/Consultants Engaged for this EIA Study
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S. No.
Name Role in the EIA Study
1 Mr V S Bhaskar EIA Coordinator – Pulp & paper industry and Thermal Power Plants. Functional Area Expert(FAE) - Meteorology, Air Quality Modelling and Prediction Functional Area Expert (FAE) - Water Pollution Prevention, Control & Prediction of Impacts Functional Area Expert (FAE) - Noise / Vibration Functional Area Expert (FAE) – Risk & Hazards Management
2 Mr. T.P Natesan Functional Area Expert (FAE) – Land Use, Hydrology, Ground Water & Water Conservation
3 Dr. T. Balakrishnan
Functional Area Expert (FAE) – Ecology and Biodiversity
4 Mr. C.S. Karthick Functional Area Expert (FAE) – Socio-Economics
5 Ms. Sathya S. Functional Area Expert (FAE) – MSW and Team Member
7 Mr. Pudi Rama Sathya Kamesh
Functional Area Expert (AFAE)- Air Pollution and Air Quality
8 Mr. Mahendra B Functional Area Associate (FAA)- Air Pollution and Air Quality
9 Ms. Sujatha Gurudev
Functional Area Associate (FAA)- Water Pollution, Noise and Vibrations
Other Technical Team Members
S. No. Technical members
1 Ms. Shalini Sourav
2 Ms. Supritha V.
3 Ms. Megha Merin Joy
External Labs/Agencies involved in EIA Study
1 Base line Environmental data – Ambient air Quality, Water, Soil and Noise sampling & analysis.
M/s. Vardan Enviro Laboratory, Gurgaon (NABL accredited Lab)
NABET Certificate of M/s. Cholamandalam MS Risk Services Ltd (CMSRSL) and is given below
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12.2.2. NABET Certificate
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12.3. SPB Projects and Consultancy Limited –Technical Consultant
SPB Projects and Consultancy Limited (SPB-PC) specialises in providing a wide
range of Consultancy Services in the field of Pulp and Paper, Sugar, Ceramics,
Power etc. Pulp and paper sector, however, represents the main thrust areas of
specialisation, with extensive experience with pulping processes practically for all
grades of pulp qualities and for almost all possible paper/newsprint grades from a
wide spectrum of fibrous raw materials including a variety of non-wood fibres.
Among the non-wood fibres, SPB-PC’s exposure to bagasse pulping is unique,
having been associated in the development of the bagasse-based newsprint mill
that is in successful operation in Tamil Nadu namely Tamil Nadu Newsprint and
Papers Limited (TNPL)
SPB-PC's expertise includes feasibility studies, preparation of Detailed Project
Reports (DPR), Evaluation of Technology, Rendering Basic Engineering Services,
Detail Engineering and a wide range of Project Management and Operations
Services besides Technical Audits, Mill Development Studies and Development of
Revival/Rehabilitation Proposals for sick units and Environmental Impact
Assessment (EIA) Studies.
SPB-PC has been rendering technical assistance in EIA studies since year 1995
and involved in 40 EIA studies in Pulp and Paper industries.
12.3.1. Work-Place Facilities
SPB-PC, located at Chennai, India, operates from its modern, fully air-conditioned
office (floor area: 25,000 ft2) with three full-fledged conference halls equipped with
digital projection facilities for multimedia presentations, latest telecommunication
facilities, video conferencing, high speed photocopier machines with reversible
automatic document feeders, besides binding facilities. The Company has state-of-
the-art computer-aided facilities, fully networked, for engineering, analysis, design
and documentation and communication facilities like e-mail and telefax. The
Company has a 380 kVA Diesel Generator, as insulation against power outages.
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12.3.2. Structure
The SPB-PC Organisation is structured broadly into three distinct groups viz. a
Consultancy Services Group, a Project Services Group and an Operations
Management Group. The Consultancy Services Group, which forms the core of the
Organisation, is manned by engineers, planners, specialists, financial experts,
economic analysts and design specialists with extensive experience in the related
industries. SPB-PC, being the engineering base of a multi-sector Group of
Companies, the Project Services Group and the Operations Management Group are
augmented by Consulting Technologists and Specialist manpower seconded from
the associate group companies operating in the fields of pulp and paper, sugar,
ceramics and refractories.
12.3.3. Manning
The Company is manned by experienced and capable engineering staff covering all
disciplines like mechanical, process, environment, electrical, instrumentation and
civil. The engineering staffs have extensive experience in construction, operation
and maintenance in the fields of pulp and paper, newsprint, sugar, ceramics,
power etc and most of them have over 10/15 years of experience in the relevant
discipline. The Company is also well supported by finance, marketing, accounting
and general administrative staff.