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Environmental Issues Facing the Middle East
•Water Pollution•Water Rights•Oil Pollution
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Southwest Asia (The Middle East)Terms to Know – Part I
1. Scarcity – a shortage of a particular resource.
2. Water rights – agreements about how countries can use the water in a region. Water rights often cause political disputes.
3. Agriculture – farming4. Extraction – the process of removing
natural resources from the ground.
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Southwest Asia (The Middle East)Terms to Know – Part I
5. Desalinization/desalination – the process of removing salt from sea water to make it suitable for drinking and irrigation.
6. Irrigation – the process by which water is transported from rivers, lakes, or other water supplies, to farms.
7. Market Economy – individuals own resources and determine what products to make and sell. Prices are determined by supply and demand.
8. Command Economy – the government owns all resources and determines what products to make, sell, and the price.
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Southwest Asia (The Middle East)Terms to Know – Part I
9. Mixed Economy – individuals and government make economic decisions.
10.Service Industry – an industry that provides a service to people rather than producing goods.
11.OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) – an organization of oil producing countries that work to control the price of oil by controlling the supply of oil.
12.Trade Barriers – anything that restricts or limits trade – physical or political (done by a government).
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Southwest Asia (The Middle East)Terms to Know – Part I
13.Embargo – order that completely stops trade.
14.Tariff – a tax added to the price of goods that are imported.
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NB 43 – Connect w/TermsDirections: Copy this onto NB p.43 and use your terms from
p.42 to fill in the blanks.
1. OPEC extracts _____ in order to sell it to other countries.
2. When OPEC sells _____ (the resource they control), the money is used to build desalinization plants which are used to make fresh water for drinking and __________ (water for _______, which is another word for farming).
3. Sometimes selling _____ is difficult for OPEC due to ____________ barriers that are created by governments, like:_____________ - stops trade_____________ - taxes on imported goods.
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Slotted Notes (NB p. 46)
• There is little fresh water in the Middle East.
• Most water is not suitable to drink.
• Many countries use desalination to get fresh water.
• Desalination: Process of removing salt from salt water.
Water
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Water Pollution• Many cities are located along rivers for
water supply.• These cities have industries which pollute
the water• Because a lot of oil is shipped out of the
M.E., there are many oil spills which pollute the water.
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Water Rights Water rights: Agreements about how countries
can use water in a region. Water is scarce and many countries depend on
the same source of water for living.
Many countries get into disputes over water rights.
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Oil• Oil is the largest natural resource in the M.E.• People get oil through extraction.• Extraction: process of removing a natural
resource from the ground.
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Oil Pollution• Oil is drilled out of the ground with
machinery. Machinery and refining oil causes pollution.
• Pollution from the oil industries has endangered the environment and the water supply in the M.E.
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Economic Systems of Key Countries
1. Israel:• Mixed Economy• Government & private companies control the
economy.• Has High-tech Equipment and Diamond cutting• Service industries accounts for half of the
Economy. (Insurance, Banking, tourism).
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2. Saudi Arabia• Mixed Economy• Main export: Oil• A leader in OPEC that attempts to
control the price of oil by controlling the supply of oil.
• Embargo – political trade barrier that stops trade between two countries
• Oil accounts for half of its economy.
• Sale of OIL helps to raise standard of living for its people: Education, defense, health, housing, and transportation!!!
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3. Turkey• Similar to a command
economy because the government controls much of the economy. (Not a complete command economy though.)
• Farming is large part of the economy.
• Major industries: Clothing & textiles
• Service industry is half of Turkey’s economy.
• Aydin Dogan (entrepreneur who controls largest gas & oil company in Turkey).
Aydin Dogan
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Economic Growth
1. ISRAEL:• War & immigrants hinder Israel’s economic
growth.• Government has taken control of certain
economic activities to help growth.• Government controls most activities of
agriculture.• This helps because there are few natural
resources.
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3. Turkey
• After WWI Turkey invested money in weapons and steel.
• Government now gives private businesses more control.
• Entrepreneurs are important to Turkey’s economy.
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2. Saudi Arabia• Making their economy
more diverse by Investing in more than just oil.
• 1976: The Saudi Basic Industries Corporation created.
• Country began to invest in capital goods like; steel, plastics, industrial gases, and petrochemicals.
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Connect w/Notes NB p. 47
*In the Middle East (SW Asia) _______ is scarce, but ________ is abundant (large amount).
*Identify ways in which the extraction and sale of OIL is both a positive and a negative thing for SW Asia. – Think in terms of economics and environment.
Positive Negative