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Environmental technological solutions for
reducing offshore production discharges in
the marine environment
Presented by:
• Andrew Grant
• Janeiro Meosa
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Agenda
To pinpoint the nature and volumes of the
discharges.
To demonstrate how E.C.T reduces these
discharges.
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Objectives To classify the type of pollutants.
To identify the source of discharges.
To describe the nature of produced discharges.
To highlight the current volume of waste.
To list environmental control technologies.
To illustrate how these technologies are utilized.3
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Overview of oil and gas production Production is the operation that brings hydrocarbons to the surface
and prepares them for processing.
Production operations include:
bringing the oil and gas to the surface
maintaining production
purifying, measuring, and testing
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Classification of production waste
Wojtanowics 2008 5
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Source of Produced water• Generated from oil and gas extraction process.
• These include:-
Water native to production formation
Water injected into the formation
Chemicals added during production
Various well treatment solutions
Oil and water separation process (A.B. Doyle et al 2008)
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Nature of offshore produced water.
• Formation water
oMeteoric water
oConnate water
oMixed water
• Adjoining level of the same formation (for e.g. below gas cap)
Produced water may also contain:
Dissolved organic compounds
• Nitrogen and sulfur containing compounds7
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Magnitude/ volume of produced water
Argonne National lab 2015 8
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Environmental control technologies
A.B. Doyle et al 2008 9
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Environmental control technologies
• Source reduction – water shut-off technology
based on alteration of permeabilities or rock plugging
involves injection of a low-concentration polymer
Laboratory experiments have shown a proven mechanism
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Environmental control technologies• Source separation–downhole oil/gas/water separation
• Source reduction with downhole water sink
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Bottom-hole unloading and re-injection
Separation equipment installed down
hole.
Uses gravity segregation mechanism
Uses hydrostatic drainage or in-situ
injection
First used in producing natural gas to
remove excess water.
Sometimes uses a hydrostatic head
inside the well
Well is dually completed
Wojtanowicz 2008 12
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Downhole separation disposal system
Uses a dual system
Water separated downhole and re-injected into
disposal zone
Uses liquid-liquid hydrocyclone from Vortoil
separation systems
Uses a modified standard artificial lift
System is run on production tubing
Connected with a polished bore receptacle
Installed in a 7 inch liner string
A.B. Doyle et al 2008 13
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Source reduction with downhole water sink
Wojtanowicz 2008 14
Controls coning
Can be used with downhole injection
Isolated disposal zone from drainage zone
Uses an impermeable stratum
Downhole water loop can be used as an
alternative technique
A theoretical technique.
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Associated Wastes in the marine environment
• Associated wastes that exists during the production phase:-
Separator sludges
Produced sand
Contaminated soils
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Produced sands in the marine environment
• Unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs:-
Depth 800 - 1400ft
Made up of mostly sand-size grains
Permeability stems from 0.5 -12 Darcies.
• Susceptible to sand production. (smaller percentage of total waste)
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Effects of sand production on the wellbore
Blocks the wellbore and creates down-hole cavities
Kills hydrocarbon production
Corrodes the well and disables surface equipment.
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Causes of sand production on the marine environment
• Toxic particulates can harm marine life
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Technological Methods
• Downhole completion methods
Resin Injection
Slotted Liners
Gravel Packing
• Sand separators
• Deck drainage equipment
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Feasibility and economics of treatment
• Less system disruption
• Less operator interaction
• Better controlled maintenance
• Higher reservoir mobility and development
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Conclusion
• Primary waste:- Produced water
• Secondary or associated waste:- Produced Sands
• ECT :
o Source separation–downhole oil/gas/water separation
o Source reduction with downhole water sink
o Hydraulic fracturing
• Feasibility and economics of treatment
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References• Environnement, V. (2015). VWS STREAMLINER™ Deoiling Hydrocyclones.
Vwswestgarth.com. Retrieved 16 February 2015, from http://www.vwswestgarth.com/en/ProductServices/producedwatertreatment/deoilinghydrocyclones/
• (2015). Retrieved 17 February 2015, from http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:696803/FULLTEXT01.pdf
• (2015). Retrieved 17 February 2015, from http://local.alfalaval.com/ko-kr/key-technologies/marine-essentials/phoenix-high-speed-separator/Documents/PLS00069-Phoenix%20system.pdf
• (2015). Retrieved 18 February 2015, from https://www.slb.com/~/media/Files/resources/oilfield_review/ors92/1092/p41_53.pdf 22
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References• (2015). Retrieved 18 February 2015, from http://
local.alfalaval.com/ko-kr/key-technologies/marine-essentials/phoenix-high-speed-separator/Documents/PLS00069-Phoenix%20system.pdf
• Boem.gov,. (2015). Questions, Answers, and Related Resources | BOEM. Retrieved 18 February 2015, from http://www.boem.gov/Environmental-Stewardship/Environmental-Assessment/CWA/Offshore-Discharges-From-Oil-and-Gas-Development-Operations---FAQ.aspx
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Thank you for listening
Any questions?