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Two Nations Live on the Edge
EQ: What events led to tension between the U.S. and
Soviet Union during the 1950’s?
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Brinksmanship John Foster Dulles Liberate all nations
under Soviet control
Confront the Soviets to brink of war
Threat of massive retaliation
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CIA Covert Operations Iran
• 1951: oil fields nationalized• CIA overthrew Mosaddeq• Shah Reza Pahlavi to power
Guatemala• 1954: land seized by gov’t• United Fruit Company• CIA overthrew Arbenz• Installed new pro-US leader
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Warsaw Pact Eastern European
communist countries
Response to NATO
“Together we are invincible”
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Crisis in the Suez Diplomacy Nasser seized canal
in 1955 Attacks by Israel,
Britain, France in 1956
UN forced troops to withdraw
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Hungarian Uprising 1956 – Khrushchev
denounced Stalin October – Hungarians
took over government Crushed by Soviets No American
intervention
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Nuclear Anxiety
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Hydrogen Bomb 1000x more
powerful than atomic bombs
1952 – test vaporized pacific island
Soviets tested own H-bomb 9 months later…
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Duck and Cover
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Air Raid Drills in School
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Fallout Shelter
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Protesting Nuclear Tests
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Sputnik Launched October
1957 US behind in tech
development Fear of the skies
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Reactions to Sputnik
National Defense
Education Act
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U-2 Incident Francis Gary
Powers shot down over Soviet Union
U-2 spy plane captured
American denials Powers admitted
mission Thaw in Cold War
over