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• Essential Question:–What are the main arguments of the
Declaration of Independence?
• CPUSH Agenda for Unit 2.5: –Clicker Questions–The American Revolution notes–Today’s HW: 4.3–Unit 2 Test: Friday, August 31
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By 1776, American colonists were divided into 3 groups
Patriots supported separation Patriots supported separation from Britain (independence)from Britain (independence)
Neutrals were Neutrals were undecided about undecided about
which side to which side to choose choose
Loyalists wanted to Loyalists wanted to remain British colonies remain British colonies
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Quick Review:How did we get to this point?
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By 1750, the American colonists were loyal British citizens with
autonomous, self-governing colonial assemblies and a thriving trade
connection with England
Turning Point!England defeated
France in the French and Indian War (1754-1763)
The policy of salutary neglect ended as Britain imposed greater political authority over the colonies, raised new taxes to pay
off war debts, and refused to allow colonists representation in Parliament
Proclamation
of 1763
Stamp Act (1765)
Sons of Liberty formed
Townshend Acts (1767)
Boston Massacre
(1770)
Second Continental
Congress (1775)
Lexington and Concord (1775)
First Continental Congress (1774)
Intolerable Acts (1774)
Revolutionary War (1775-1783)
Boston Tea Party (1773)
Paine’s Common
Sense (1776)
Declaration of Independence (1776)
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The American Revolution was inspired by the Enlightenment
John Locke—all men are born with natural rights & citizens
can revolt from tyrannical gov’ts
Rousseau believed that citizens have a social
contract with their gov’t
Montesquieu—separation of powers;
checks & balances
Thomas Paine’s Common Sense urged
colonial independence
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By July 1776, how had colonial attitudes towards
Great Britain changed?
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By July 1776, enough Americans were “patriots” that members of the Second Continental Congress
formed a 5-man committee to draft a Declaration of Independence
Thomas Jefferson of Virginia was the principal
author
It was based on the “enlightened” ideas of John Locke & explained why the colonists were rebelling
All men are born with “natural rights” of life,
liberty, & property
Citizens can break their social contract with their
gov’t when their gov’t becomes tyrannical
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Quick Class Discussion: Based on this word cloud, hypothesize THREE major themes present in the
Declaration of Independence?
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Declaration of Independence (July 4, 1776)
Committee to draft the Declaration: Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson,
Ben Franklin, John Adams, Robert Livingston, & Roger Sherman
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Examining Excerpts from the Declaration of Independence:
Read each passage of the Declaration of Independence.
Working with a partner, summarize the main idea and write it in your
own words in the chart
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Decoding the Declaration of Independence1. We should explain why we are declaring
independence 2. All people have natural rights 3. Government power comes from the people 4. If a gov’t cannot protect people, then the people
should create a new gov’t that can5. King George III has abused his power 6. These are the reasons we believe that the king has
abused his powers7. We have explained to the king why we are
unhappy but he has ignored us and hurt us8. Because of the king’s abusive actions, we are
declaring our independence as a new nation
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The Declaration of Independence & Influences from the Enlightenment
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• Essential Question:–How did the American colonists defeat the
British during the Revolutionary War?
• CPUSH Agenda for Unit 2.6: –Pop Quiz! –The American Revolution notes–Today’s HW: 4.3–Unit 2 Test: Friday, August 31
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Use the data to prove or disprove the hypothesis
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Costs and Benefits of American Independence■Why did the Americans chose independence? –Listen closely to the class reading of the
article “Costs and Benefits of Independence” –When finished, work with your partner to
answer the three questions:•What benefits did the colonists gain
from membership in the British Empire? •What costs did the colonists incur as a
result of being in the British Empire?•Why did the American colonists decide
to fight for independence?■ Too Late to Apologize Video (3.22)
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• Essential Question:–How did the American colonists defeat the
British during the Revolutionary War?
• CPUSH Agenda for Unit 2.7: –Clicker Questions–The American Revolution notes–Today’s HW: 4.3–Unit 2 Test: Friday, August 31
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America: The Story of UsAmerican Revolution (3.31)
■Watch the video from the America: The Story of Us series and answer these questions:–What advantages did the American
colonists have over the British? –What advantages did the British have
over the American colonists? –Why did the Americans win the
Revolutionary War?
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The Declaration of Independence was a formal demand for separation, but the
Revolutionary War had already begun in 1775
Lexington & ConcordFormation of a
Continental Army under George Washington
Americans were divided among Patriots, Loyalists, & Neutrals
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Patriots vs. Loyalists
■Where were the Loyalists?■Why were
Loyalists near cities?■Why are
Indians loyalists?
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Quick Class Discussion
■What was the biggest advantage the American colonists had during the Revolutionary War?
■What was the biggest advantage that Great Britain had during the Revolutionary War?
■ Based on this chart, who should win the war?
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Revolutionary War■When the war began,
the British had a clear military advantage:–400% larger & more
experienced army–More money –The world’s most
dominant navy–Manufacturing to
make war supplies
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Revolutionary War■But, the American
colonists had:–Familiarity with the
environment –A commitment to win
the war –Short supply lines to
their soldiers–A defensive strategy
to outlast the British
To win, the English had to find & defeat the Continental Army
Britain under-estimated the colonial commitment to independence
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As leader of the Continental Army,
George Washington was the symbol of the
American cause
He had to build a professional army &
coordinate the militias
Encouraged common citizens & volunteer
soldiers to support the war even when the
British seemed destined to win during the early years of the revolution
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American Military:
Continental Army,
Colonial Militias, & Civilians
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Differing Military StrategiesThe Americans The British
■Outlast the British–Defend colonial
lands & drag out the war–Guerilla tactics –Make an alliance
with France
■Divide & Conquer–Use Loyalists, seize
property, encourage slave revolts–Split the Northern
& Southern colonies–Blockade ports to
prevent trade
General Washington
General Gage
As long as Britain did not defeat the Continental Army, England could not win
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The American Revolution began at Lexington & Concord
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British victories from 1776-1777 made an
American victory look impossible
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British Seizure & Burning of New York, 1776
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On Christmas Eve 1776, Washington gave Americans
hope by crossing the Delaware River & surprising British troops in Trenton, NJ
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Crossing the Delaware in route to a surprise attack at Trenton & Princeton, 1776
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From the beginning of the war, American diplomats, led by Benjamin Franklin,
tried to form an alliance with the French
The French gov’t was willing, but needed to
see that the Americans had a chance to win
The French agreed to join the American
cause after the battle of Saratoga in 1777
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• Essential Question:–How did the American colonists defeat the
British during the Revolutionary War?
• CPUSH Agenda for Unit 2.8:–Clicker Questions–The American Revolution notes–Today’s HW: 4.4–Unit 2 Test: Friday, August 31
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The Battle of Saratoga was a turning point
because France joined the Americans as an ally
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The “turning point” of the Revolution: The Battle of Saratoga, 1777
After Saratoga, French general Lafayette helped train American troops while the French navy helped
neutralize the British advantage on the high seas
Marquis de Lafayette
When French troops arrived in the spring
1778, the tide of the war shifted in
favor of the Americans
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During the winter of 1777-78, Continental Army troops nearly starved at Valley Forge, PA but
Washington & Lafayette inspired & trained the troops to continue the fight
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Near Starvation at Valley Forge, PA in 1778
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From 1778-1781, both sides traded victories,
but the war finally came to a conclusion at the
Battle of Yorktown
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The Battle of Yorktown Video
By 1781, Washington trapped the army of
British General Cornwallis between the Continental Army & the French navy
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The Battle of Yorktown
Cornwallis’ surrender was the “day the world turned upside down”
General Cornwallis surrendered to Washington in 1781, ending
the American Revolution
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The Treaty of Paris in 1783 ended the American Revolution
The treaty gave America:Full independence All territory east of Mississippi River, between Canada
& Florida
The removal of the British army from U.S. claims
in America
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North America 17541754North America 17631763North America 17831783
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Reviewing the American Revolution■Work with a partner to complete the
Revolutionary War Timeline: –Step 1: Match the “word bank”
numbers in the correct boxes on the second row of the timeline–Step 2: Write a sentence that answers
the question in the top row of the timeline–Be prepared to share your answers
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The American Revolution inspired other revolutions throughout the world
Use this chart to search for clues:
What “cause” do the American, French, & Latin American revolutions have in common?
DEBT was a common problem
TAXES were a common problem
Ideas of the ENLIGHTENMENT (natural rights, social contract theory)
inspired all revolutions