Essential QuestionsWhat is the difference between
prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?
What is the difference between plant cells and animal cells?
What are cell organelles and their functions?
What is the cell theory?
Discovery of CellsRobert Hooke – discovered cells while
looking through microscopeHe examined dead cork cells from oak bark He coined the term cells based on his room
or “cell” that he lived in while he was a monk
Discovery of CellsOther scientist have contributed to the
recognition of cellsScientist such as Leeuwenhoek, Schleiden,
Schwann, and Virchow all studied cellsAll these scientists’ work led to the cell
theory
Cell TheoryExplains why cells are important to life
1) All living things are made of cells
2) All cells come from other cells
3) Cells are the basic unit of life
Cell Types2 types of cells
1) Prokaryotic CellsProkaryotes
NO true nucleusNO membrane –bound
organellesSmaller in size
Example: Bacteria
2) Eukaryotic CellsEukaryotes
True nucleusMembrane – bound
organellesLarger in size
Example: Plants, Animals, Fungi
Prokaryotic CellsThey have a cell (plasmsa) membrane and a
cell wallNucleoid – Region where DNA is containedOrganelles such as ribosomes
** REMEMBER NO MEMBRANES WILL BEAROUND AN ORGANELLE FOUNDIN PROKARYOTIC CELLS
Eukaryotic Cells 1) Animal Cells 2) Plant Cells
3) Protist Cells 4)Fungi Cells
Which came first?Prokaryotes or Eukaryotes?
Endosymbiotic TheoryFirst proposed by
Lynn Margulis in 1967Eukaryotic cell
evolved from several prokaryotic cells living within each other (Endo-) in a mutual relationship (Symbiotic)
Endosymbiotic Theory
OrganellesOrganelles = “little organs” inside cellsAn organelle is an internal structure (or
compartment) within the cell that performs special functions
Each organelle has a special function and each organelle is unique in shape
Guess the organelle
Plasma (Cell)MembraneSurrounds the cellProtects & supports the cellSemi-permeable
Allows some things through while keeping others out
Controls what can enter or leave the cell in order to maintain homeostasis
Made of phospholipidsHas carbohydrates and proteins embedded in
the membrane
CytoplasmA jelly-like substance found in the cell Holds the organellesWhere reactions will occur in a cell
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Stores – genetic information (DNA,Chromosomes)
Controls the activities of the cellHas a nuclear envelope (nuclear membrane)
surrounding it
What type of cell contains a nucleus? _______________
Nucleolus and RibosomesNucleolus - found inside the nucleusIts function is to make ribosomesDisappears during cell division
Ribosomes –synthesize or make proteinsCan be found free in the cytoplasm or
attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum
Endoplasmic ReticulumEndoplasmic Reticulum – ER
Tube-like canals
Two Types of ER
1)SER – Smooth Endoplasmic ReticulumNO ribosomes – makes lipids and helps with metabolism
2)RER – Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum has ribosomes on it – makes protein to be carried
out of the cell
Golgi BodyGolgi body, Golgi apparatus, or Golgi
complexSac-like structureReceives proteins from the ER Packages and ships the protein out of the cell
in vesicles
Mitochondria• Singular =
mitochondrion
• The “powerhouse” of the cell
• Where cellular respiration occurs and where energy is made
Lysosomes• Contain digestive
enzymes that will breakdown unwanted waste from the cell
• Digest other cell parts that are no longer needed
• Digest macromolecules
Structures Unique to Animal CellsCentrosome (centrioles) used during cell
division Found near the nucleus
Structures Unique to Plant CellsCell Wall – Found on the outer region of cell. Against cell wall is the plasma membrane
Plants will have both a cell wall and plasma (cell) membrane.
Made of cellulose Gives plant cells structure and shapeFunction is protect and support the cell
Structures Unique To Plant Cells Chloroplast – converts light energy to
chemical energy through a process called photosynthesis
Site of photosynthesis
Inside is chlorophyll - a pigment that gives plants and leaves its green color
Structures Unique To Plant CellsCentral Vacuole – large and central
structure used for storageCan store water, food, and wasteVacuoles are also in animal cells but are
much smaller
Cell MotilityCilia – hair like structures used for cell
movement Flagella – long whip-like structures used for
cell movement
Summarize1. Construct a Venn diagram to compare &
contrast bacteria, animal, and plant cells2. Create a flow chart for protein synthesis
using the following terminologyRibosomeEndoplasmic reticulumGolgi bodyVesicle