Download - EU and Globalization 2007
-
8/14/2019 EU and Globalization 2007
1/33
The European Union:
A Potential Model andAlternative Vision of
Globalization?
I. Brief Historical Sketch of EU
II. Overview of EU Structure and
Functions
III. The EU as an Alternative Dream and
Model of Globalization
EU Anthem
-
8/14/2019 EU and Globalization 2007
2/33
Key Dates in EU History
1951: Six nations form European Coaland Steel Community
1957: Rome Treaties establish European
Economic Community
-
8/14/2019 EU and Globalization 2007
3/33
1962: Common Agricultural Policy
agreed to by the six EEC nations
1973: Denmark, Ireland and UK join EEC
1979: First direct elections to EuropeanParliament
1981: Greece becomes 10th member
1985: Schengen Agreement eliminates
border controls among five nations
-
8/14/2019 EU and Globalization 2007
4/33
A Border Crossing
-
8/14/2019 EU and Globalization 2007
5/33
1985: Program to launch common
market in 1992 is begun
1986: Spain and Portugal increase
membership to twelve
1990: German Unification
-
8/14/2019 EU and Globalization 2007
6/33
1991: Maastricht Treaty establishes EU,
expands its competencies, and commits
EU to the Euro
1993: Single market comes into effect
1995: Austria, Finland and Sweden join,bringing membership to fifteen
1998-99: Accession negotiations begin
with twelve Eastern European states;Turkey recognized as an applicant
-
8/14/2019 EU and Globalization 2007
7/33
2002: Euroreplaces local
currencies in
twelve EU states(UK, Denmark and
Sweden stay
outside)
-
8/14/2019 EU and Globalization 2007
8/33
The EU is the worlds largest single
economy, larger than the U.S. economy.
It has 490 million people compared to 300
million for the U.S.
-
8/14/2019 EU and Globalization 2007
9/33
Ten new countries
joined the EU on May 1,
2004, and two more in
2007, raising the total
to 27 countries
-
8/14/2019 EU and Globalization 2007
10/33
Budapestand
Prague
-
8/14/2019 EU and Globalization 2007
11/33
The EU has made war unthinkable
among countries which warredagainst each other for centuries.
Sure, the E.U. matters, said Thomas Leicht, a
doctor from MunichYou can see the terrible
history of Europe in this city (Berlin). The E.U. is
the reason it will never happen again.
New York Times article on the EUs 50th anniversary (Mar. 25, 2007)
-
8/14/2019 EU and Globalization 2007
12/33
Major Institutions of the EU
Council of Ministers, BrusselsMinisters of the member states
-
8/14/2019 EU and Globalization 2007
13/33
Major Institutions of the EU
European Commission, Brusselsin between a Secretariat and an Executive
20 commissioners and 16,000 officials
-
8/14/2019 EU and Globalization 2007
14/33
Major Institutions of the EU
European Parliament, Strasbourg
732 elected members
-
8/14/2019 EU and Globalization 2007
15/33
Major Institutions of the EU
European Parliament, Strasbourg
direct elections since 1979
-
8/14/2019 EU and Globalization 2007
16/33
Strasbourg
-
8/14/2019 EU and Globalization 2007
17/33
Major Institutions of the EU
European Court of Justice,
Luxembourg
-
8/14/2019 EU and Globalization 2007
18/33
Widely Differing Interpretations
of the EU Exist
Some leftists: EU as mechanism that neoliberalpolicies are being imposed on European societies.
Little difference seen between the US and the EU
at least in the future
Some citizens: Brussels as faceless bureaucrats
extending their control deeper and deeper. They
worry about national and local sovereignty.
Many academics: tend to see EU as a response
to globalization rather than an alternative model of
it
-
8/14/2019 EU and Globalization 2007
19/33
My Own View: EU is the closest thing wehave to a real-life model of how alternative
globalization might work and what it might
look like
-
8/14/2019 EU and Globalization 2007
20/33
A gradual process of deepening andenlargement
Not just a common market--broad range
of political and social policies are both a
condition for joining and a central part of
the EU
A different model of capitalism
A new system of citizenship and shared
sovereignty
The EU as Alternative Globalization
-
8/14/2019 EU and Globalization 2007
21/33
Deepening and Enlargement
First common policy:agriculture (still
accounts for about 1/2
EU budget)
Other early common
policies dealt with equal
pay for men and women
and other basic rights Growing competencies
of EU in wide variety of
areas
-
8/14/2019 EU and Globalization 2007
22/33
Deepening and Enlargement
Enlargementcontinues, but it
involves a difficult
process of negotiation
The poorer and predominantly
agricultural countries of Eastern Europe
Turkey, an Islamic country with 70
million people (listen to NPR segment)
N t J t C M k t
-
8/14/2019 EU and Globalization 2007
23/33
Not Just a Common Market...
democracy
human rights, including equal rights for men andwomen and the right to form unions and bargain
collectively
no death penalty
health, safety and environmental standards
common foreign and military policy in some areas
participation in a common aid program
commitment to reducing inequality
cohesion policy and structural funds to reduce
inequality both between and within nations
Revenue contributions
-
8/14/2019 EU and Globalization 2007
24/33
A Different Model of Capitalism
Ex-French Prime
Minister Lionel Jospin:
Yes to the market
economy, no to the
market society.
Despite differences between French dirigiste
capitalism and the Rhineland capitalism of
Germany and other variations, a common labelof social market capitalism.
A capitalism regulated by the state and
shaped by the participation of civil society
A N S t f Citi hi
-
8/14/2019 EU and Globalization 2007
25/33
A New System of Citizenship
and Sovereignty
Citizens of member states are citizens of boththeir nation and of the EU
They can travel and settle anywhere in the EU
They live in a zone of mixed sovereignties--
according to one estimate, 50% of their domestic
legislation and 80% of their economic legislation
is written in Brussels Europeans may be the first to be living in a
post-national world
-
8/14/2019 EU and Globalization 2007
26/33
A Different Model of Capitalism
Considerably lessinequality than in US
Labor unions and parties
much stronger
Government regulatory
role much greater than in
US
Public goods and green policies much more abundant
Currently relatively high unemployment, but strong
safety netlittle poverty in the 15 Western European
states, more in new Eastern European states
-
8/14/2019 EU and Globalization 2007
27/33
U.S.-style neoliberal
capitalism has made
inroads in Europe,
but despite support
from some elites, it
remains widelyresisted.
The Bush administration has workedhard to divide the EU between old and
new Europe
-
8/14/2019 EU and Globalization 2007
28/33
Jean Monnet:
European integrationis not an end in
itself but a stage on
the road to theorganized world of
tomorrow.
The Community may serve as anexample of how to create a more
prosperous and peaceful world.
a model for global governance?
-
8/14/2019 EU and Globalization 2007
29/33
Over a million Frenchmen
protest new labor law
April 2006
The EU has its problems...
integration of its immigrant population
extremely low fertility rates/depopulation
controversy over a European Constitution
how to retain a social market economy in a
neoliberal era of globalization
whether to admit Turkey to the club
a divided United Kin dom: US vs EU
-
8/14/2019 EU and Globalization 2007
30/33
The European Dream...is the first
transnational dream to emerge in a
global era....European identities and
loyalties now reach below andbeyond nation-state borders to
encompass a richer and more
deeply layered sense of
embeddedness in the world. (p. 23)
-
8/14/2019 EU and Globalization 2007
31/33
The European dream emphasizes
community relationships over
individual autonomy, cultural diversityover assimilation, quality of life over
the accumulation of wealth,
sustainable development over
unlimited material growth, deep playover unrelenting toil, universal human
rights and the rights of nature over
property rights, and global
cooperation over the unilateral
exercise of power. (p. 3)
-
8/14/2019 EU and Globalization 2007
32/33
-
8/14/2019 EU and Globalization 2007
33/33
Summary: The Significance of the
European Union for Globalization
1) The EU appears to demonstrate that
significant regional variations in
culture, politics and society are
compatible with globalization
2) The EU may provide a model of howan alternative form of globalization
could proceed