European JHA Diplomacy
by ANIS H. BAJREKTAREVIC
CONSTRUCTING WORLD ORDERS
SGIR Conference, Den Haag
09 11 September 2004
New World Security and the Role of Europe
European JHA Diplomacy -
Anis 2004
Prologue:
Of Paradise and Confrontational Nostalgia
Four men leading one man bound
One man whom the four men hound
One man counted bound and led
One man whom the four men dread
Stone Sleeper, Mak Dizdar
European JHA Diplomacy -
Anis 2004
Summary
Intro: the EU JHA
Perceptions & Perception Index
Presentation of the Survey
Policy Proposals (tentative)
European JHA Diplomacy -
Anis 2004
EU JHA State of Affairs
Process/es
Integration: Centripetal and Centrifugal forces
between the Brussels enlightening despotism and the MS residing fears
The IGC breakthrough Ratification of Constitution
The EU Enlargement and (promotion of) New Neighborhood policy
(from Morocco to Russia and partnerships beyond)
Transnational challenges
EU as a strong partner of single voice within and beyond its
borders
Human and Environmental disaster management (incl. asylum)
Transnational Organized Crime (incl. laundering, corruption, etc.)
(trafficking in and smuggling of) drugs, humans, arms; E-crimes, etc.
International terrorism (incl. ABC particles proliferation)
European JHA Diplomacy -
Anis 2004
Comprehensive Terrorism Survey
Survey span: Mid May Mid June 2004
Records of 300 persons asked: 202 Students from Austria:
Females: 132 ; Males: 70
98 Students from elsewhere: EU 15: 44 (France 9; Germany 6; Spain 6; Finland 6; Sweden 5; Italy 4; UK 3; Belgium 2; Portugal 1;
Denmark 1; the Netherlands 1)
New EU 10: 17 (Poland 5; Slovakia 3; Czech R. 2; Slovenia 2; Hungary 1; Latvia 1; Cyprus 1; Estonia 1;
Malta 1)
Non-EU Europeans: 11 (Swiss 3; Norway 2; Turkey 2; Ukraine 2; Croatia 1; Bulgaria 1)
Non-Europeans: 26 (Canada 6; US 5; Russia 3; Australia 2; Mexico 1; India 1; Pakistan 1; New Zealand 1;
South Africa 1; China 1; Morocco 1; S. Korea 1; Chile 1; Malaysia 1)
European JHA Diplomacy -
Anis 2004
Comprehensive Terrorism Survey
Composition of 300 persons asked:
Gender Female: 61,oo%
Male: 39,oo%
Age Below 20: 15,67%
Between 20 35: 81,oo%
Between 35 60: o3,oo% Over 60: o0,33%
Occupancy Studying: 89,oo%
Working: o9,67%
Retired/Other: o1,33%
European JHA Diplomacy -
Anis 2004
Q1: I associate terrorism with the Middle East.
Agree: 43,33%
Disagree: 51,00%
Don't Know:
5,67%
0 , 0 0 %
10 , 0 0 %
2 0 , 0 0 %
3 0 , 0 0 %
4 0 , 0 0 %
5 0 , 0 0 %
6 0 , 0 0 %
Sum A Sum B Sum C
ccc
European JHA Diplomacy -
Anis 2004
Q1: I associate terrorism with the Middle East.
EU 15 Agree: 44%
Disagree: 50%
Dont Know: o6%
10 New EU Members Agree: 59%
Disagree: 41%
Dont Know: oo%
Non EU Europeans Agree: 36%
Disagree: 46%
Dont Know: 18%
Non Europeans Agree: 31%
Disagree: 65%
Dont Know: o4%
European JHA Diplomacy -
Anis 2004
Q2: I associate terrorism with Muslims.
Agree: 32,00%
Disagree: 62,33%
Don't Know:
5,67%
0,00%
10,00%
20,00%
30,00%
40,00%
50,00%
60,00%
70,00%
Sum A Sum B Sum C
European JHA Diplomacy -
Anis 2004
Q2: I associate terrorism with Muslims.
EU 15 Agree: 32%
Disagree: 61%
Dont Know: o7%
10 New EU Members Agree: 41%
Disagree: 53%
Dont Know: o6%
Non EU Europeans Agree: 45%
Disagree: 55%
Dont Know: oo%
Non Europeans Agree: 19%
Disagree: 81%
Dont Know: oo%
European JHA Diplomacy -
Anis 2004
To understand Muslims and their interaction with the rest
of the world it is essential to differentiate between Islamic
fundamentalism and extremism. Yevgeny PRIMAKOV
Q5: Islam is religion of peace. Using Islam as a way to justify
terrorism is an abuse of the faith.
Agr e e : 7 3 , 0 0 %
Di sa gr e e : 11, 3 3 % Don' t Know: 15 , 6 7 %
0 , 0 0 %
10 , 0 0 %
2 0 , 0 0 %
3 0 , 0 0 %
4 0 , 0 0 %
5 0 , 0 0 %
6 0 , 0 0 %
7 0 , 0 0 %
8 0 , 0 0 %
Sum A Sum B Sum C
European JHA Diplomacy -
Anis 2004
In a properly organized society like ours, nobody has any
opportunity for being noble or heroic. Aldous HUXLEY
Q6: The absence of economic opportunities and political freedoms
in Muslim countries drives people toward violent alternatives
including the Al Qaeda-style terrorism.
A g r e e : 5 7 , 6 7 %
D i s a g r e e : 2 9 , 3 3 %
D o n ' t K n o w : 1 3 , 0 0 %
0 , 0 0 %
10 , 0 0 %
2 0 , 0 0 %
3 0 , 0 0 %
4 0 , 0 0 %
5 0 , 0 0 %
6 0 , 0 0 %
7 0 , 0 0 %
Sum A Sum B Sum C
European JHA Diplomacy -
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Q3: I associate ANY terrorism with a lack of political alternative and
economic prospects, or w ith the oppression by central authorities.
Di sagr ee: 34, 67%
Don't Know: 10, 33%
Agr ee: 55, 00%
0 , 0 0 %
10 , 0 0 %
2 0 , 0 0 %
3 0 , 0 0 %
4 0 , 0 0 %
5 0 , 0 0 %
6 0 , 0 0 %
Sum A Sum B Sum C
c
European JHA Diplomacy -
Anis 2004
Q4: Terrorists operate most effectively if they have the tacit support
of the populations around them.
Agree: 66,67%
Don't Know:
12,00%Disagree: 21,33%
0 , 0 0 %
10 , 0 0 %
2 0 , 0 0 %
3 0 , 0 0 %
4 0 , 0 0 %
5 0 , 0 0 %
6 0 , 0 0 %
7 0 , 0 0 %
Sum A Sum B Sum C
c
European JHA Diplomacy -
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Q11: The temporary suspension of human rights is justified in
combating terrorism.
Di sagr ee: 66, 67%
Don't Know: 16, 00%Agr ee: 17, 33%
0 , 0 0 %
10 , 0 0 %
2 0 , 0 0 %
3 0 , 0 0 %
4 0 , 0 0 %
5 0 , 0 0 %
6 0 , 0 0 %
7 0 , 0 0 %
Sum A Sum B Sum C
European JHA Diplomacy -
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Q12: Law-enforcement community should be allowed to use physical
coercion to obtain infos on imminent terrorist threats.
Di sagr ee: 61, 00%
Don't Know: 18, 67%Agr ee: 20, 33%
0 , 0 0 %
10 , 0 0 %
2 0 , 0 0 %
3 0 , 0 0 %
4 0 , 0 0 %
5 0 , 0 0 %
6 0 , 0 0 %
7 0 , 0 0 %
Sum A Sum B Sum C
European JHA Diplomacy -
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Q13: The suspension of legal rights is acceptable in the fight against
terrorism.
Agree: 22,67% Don't Know:
9,00%
Disagree: 68,33%
0 , 0 0 %
10 , 0 0 %
2 0 , 0 0 %
3 0 , 0 0 %
4 0 , 0 0 %
5 0 , 0 0 %
6 0 , 0 0 %
7 0 , 0 0 %
8 0 , 0 0 %
Sum A Sum B Sum C
European JHA Diplomacy -
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Q14: Apprehension and detention of persons suspected of support
for terrorism is tolerable, even if there is no credible evidence of
their involvement.
Disagree: 69,67%
Don't Know:
14,33%Agree: 16,00%
0,00%
10,00%
20,00%
30,00%
40,00%
50,00%
60,00%
70,00%
80,00%
Sum A Sum B Sum C
c
European JHA Diplomacy -
Anis 2004
Q15: Foreign state or non-state entities engaged in or supporting
terrorism should be subject to sanctions.
Agr ee: 71, 67%
Don't Know: 14, 67%Di sagr ee: 13, 67%
0 , 0 0 %
10 , 0 0 %
2 0 , 0 0 %
3 0 , 0 0 %
4 0 , 0 0 %
5 0 , 0 0 %
6 0 , 0 0 %
7 0 , 0 0 %
8 0 , 0 0 %
Sum A Sum B Sum C
European JHA Diplomacy -
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Q16: Foreign state or non-state entities engaged in or supporting
terrorism should be subjected to pre-emptive military intervention.
Agr e e : 2 5 , 6 7 %
Don' t Know: 2 0 , 0 0 %
Di sa gr e e : 5 4 , 3 3 %
0 , 0 0 %
10 , 0 0 %
2 0 , 0 0 %
3 0 , 0 0 %
4 0 , 0 0 %
5 0 , 0 0 %
6 0 , 0 0 %
Sum A Sum B Sum C
European JHA Diplomacy -
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Q20: Counter-terrorism works best if it operates with the rule
of law (balanc-ing security and civil liberties).
A gree: 6 5,0 0 %
D isagree: 13 ,0 0 %D on' t Know: 2 2 ,0 0 %
0,00%
10,00%
20,00%
30,00%
40,00%
50,00%
60,00%
70,00%
Sum A Sum B Sum C
European JHA Diplomacy -
Anis 2004
Q25: The death penalty for convicted terrorists is appropriate.
Agree: 25,00%
Don't Know:
9,33%
Disagree: 65,67%
0 , 0 0 %
10 , 0 0 %
2 0 , 0 0 %
3 0 , 0 0 %
4 0 , 0 0 %
5 0 , 0 0 %
6 0 , 0 0 %
7 0 , 0 0 %
Sum A Sum B Sum C
European JHA Diplomacy -
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Q25: The death penalty for convicted t