EUROPEAN UNION INTERNAL MARKET LAW
This is the market’s most student-friendly textbook on EU internal market law,covering everything students need to know about the legal and regulatoryframework of the internal market and eliminating the need for a full EU law text.Concise and focused, chapters explore the underlying socio-economic andhistorical contexts of EU law, and offer a thorough examination of the law’stechnical aspects, ensuring that students gain a rich understanding of the way thatlegal rules and structures have developed from key political and social debates. Keyconcepts are illustrated by excerpts, summaries and discussions of classic andmodern cases. Numerous features include text boxes, illustrative cases, legalinterpretations, tables, and suggestions for further reading, which support studentswith little background knowledge of the subject, leading them to total mastery ofthe material.
Friedl Weiss is Professor at the Department of European, International Law andComparative Law, University of Vienna.
Clemens Kaupa is Assistant Professor at the Department of Transnational LegalStudies, VU University Amsterdam.
Cambridge University Press978-1-107-03535-5 - European Union Internal Market LawFriedl Weiss and Clemens KaupaFrontmatterMore information
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Cambridge University Press978-1-107-03535-5 - European Union Internal Market LawFriedl Weiss and Clemens KaupaFrontmatterMore information
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European Union Internal Market LawFriedl Weiss and Clemens Kaupa
Cambridge University Press978-1-107-03535-5 - European Union Internal Market LawFriedl Weiss and Clemens KaupaFrontmatterMore information
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Contents
List of tables page xiii
Table of cases xv
Table of legislation xxviii
1 The internal market 1
Introduction 1
Short history of the internal market 3
The historical context of the Treaty of Rome 3
The Treaty of Rome 5
The historical context of the White Paper 7
The White Paper and the Single European Act 9
Maastricht, Amsterdam, Nice and Lisbon 10
The Treaty freedoms in their regulatory context 11
Competences 13
Secondary law measures 14
The role of the European institutions in internal market law 16
Further reading 17
2 Common framework of the Treaty freedoms 18
Convergence and continued divergence of the Treaty freedoms 18
Direct effect of the Treaty freedoms 19
The addressees of the Treaty freedom provisions 20
Host state 20
Home state 21
Non-state actors 21
Personal scope (beneficiaries) 22
Non-EU citizens with equal or comparable rights 23
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Material scope 29
Cross-border element 29
Applying the Treaty freedom provisions: prohibition of
discrimination and of restrictions 30
Direct discrimination 30
Indirect discrimination 31
Prohibition of restrictions 32
Justifications 32
Treaty-based justifications 32
Justifications on overriding grounds in the public interest 33
Proportionality 34
Further reading 35
3 Free movement of goods (Articles 28–37 TFEU) 36
Introduction 36
Main Treaty provisions at a glance 40
Direct effect 40
Scope 41
Personal scope (beneficiaries) 41
Material scope 41
Addressees 43
States 43
Union institutions 44
Non-state actors 45
Customs union (Articles 28–32 TFEU) 47
Introduction 47
Prohibition of customs duties on imports and exports and of charges having
equivalent effect (Article 30 TFEU) 49
Common Customs Tariff 51
Important secondary law 51
Quantitative restrictions on imports andmeasures having equivalent
effect (Article 34 TFEU) 54
Introduction 54
Prohibitions of Article 34 TFEU: quantitative restrictions and measures
having equivalent effect 54
Applying Article 34 TFEU: MEQRs and the prohibition of distinctly and
indistinctly applicable measures 57
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Justifications 65
Case groups 73
Important secondary law 79
Quantitative restrictions on exports andmeasures having equivalent
effect (Article 35 TFEU) 82
Quantitative restrictions 83
Measures having equivalent effect 83
Justifications 86
Internal taxation (Article 110 TFEU) 86
Similar goods (Article 110(1) TFEU) 88
Competing goods (Article 110(2) TFEU) 90
Further reading 92
4 Union citizenship (Articles 18–25 TFEU) 93
Introduction 93
Main Treaty provisions at a glance 96
Direct effect of Articles 18, 20 and 21 TFEU 100
Scope 100
Personal scope (beneficiaries) 101
Material scope 103
Addressees 109
Applying Articles 18, 20 and 21 TFEU: the prohibition of
discrimination and of restrictions 110
Prohibition of discrimination 110
Prohibition of restrictions 112
Justifications 114
Limitations under the Citizenship Directive 115
Public policy and public security 116
Public health 119
Overriding reasons in the public interest 120
Rights of Union citizens: secondary law and case law 121
The Citizenship Directive 121
Right of entry 122
Right of exit 123
Right of residence and right of permanent residence 123
Right to equal treatment (Article 24 Citizenship Directive) 126
The rights of family members of Union citizens 126
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Protection against expulsion (Article 28 Citizenship Directive) 128
Equal access to universities and vocational training 131
Entitlement to the social benefits of the host state 133
Entitlement to social benefits of the home state 137
Taxation 138
Family names 140
Other rights conferred by Part Two of the TFEU 140
Prohibition of discrimination on other grounds (Article 19 TFEU) 141
The right to vote and stand as a candidate in other Member States for
European and municipal elections (Article 22 TFEU) 142
Right to diplomatic and consular protection (Article 23 TFEU) 143
The Citizens’ Initiative (Article 24 TFEU) 143
Other political rights (Article 24 TFEU) 143
Further reading 144
5 Free movement of workers (Articles 45–48 TFEU) 145
Introduction 145
Main Treaty provisions at a glance 147
Direct effect of Article 45 TFEU 148
Personal scope (beneficiaries) 149
Union citizens and persons having comparable rights 149
Who is a worker? 151
Additional beneficiaries covered by Article 45 TFEU 153
Material scope 156
Cross-border element 156
Addressees 158
Member States 158
Non-state actors 158
Applying Article 45 TFEU: the prohibition of discrimination and of
restrictions 161
Direct discrimination 162
Indirect discrimination 162
Prohibition of restrictions 163
Justifications 165
Public policy, public security and public health 165
Public service exception 165
Justification by overriding requirements of the general interest 168
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Rights of workers: secondary law and case law 169
The right to enter another Member State, to reside there and to leave 169
The right to leave the home state, and to return to the home state 171
Equal access to employment 173
Equal treatment in employment 174
Equal treatment with regard to social advantages 176
Equal treatment with regard to tax advantages 184
Educational rights 189
Rights after employment 189
Workers’ families 190
Important secondary law 191
Coordination of social security systems 191
Works Council Directive 193
Work, health and safety regulation 193
Further reading 195
6 Freedom of establishment (Articles 49–55 TFEU) 196
Introduction 196
Main Treaty provisions at a glance 197
Direct effect 197
Personal scope (beneficiaries) 198
Natural persons 198
Companies 199
Material scope 200
Self-employment 200
Cross-border element 200
The temporal criterion: permanent establishment 201
Addressees 203
Host state 203
Home state 203
Non-state actors 204
Applying Article 49 TFEU: prohibition of discrimination and of
restrictions 205
Prohibition of discrimination 205
Prohibition of restrictions 206
Justifications 208
Public policy, public security and public health 209
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Exercise of official authority 210
Justifications on overriding grounds in the public interest 211
Mutual recognition 211
Rights under Article 49 TFEU: secondary law and case law 212
The right to enter another Member State, to reside there and to leave 212
The requirement to have not more than one chamber, office or shop 212
Geographical protection 213
Authorization requirements 214
Registration requirements for ships and aircraft 215
Residence requirements 216
Access to professional organizations 216
Restrictions on the acquisition and use of real estate 217
Lawyers 218
Rights of companies: secondary law and case law 219
The right to primary establishment 220
The right to secondary establishment 223
Cross-border transformations and mergers 229
“Exit taxes” 232
Requirement for minimum capital or for a specific legal form 232
Secondary law 233
The recognition of qualifications: the Professional Qualifications Directive 233
Case law 234
Harmonization of company law and corporate governance 238
Further reading 240
7 Freedom to provide and receive services (Articles 56–62 TFEU) 241
Introduction 241
Main Treaty provisions at a glance 242
Direct effect 243
Personal scope (beneficiaries) 243
Nationality and residence 243
Self-employed service providers 244
Recipients of services 244
Material scope 245
What are “services”? 245
Cross-border element 248
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Remuneration 248
Temporary nature 250
Addressees 251
Host state 251
Home state 251
Non-state actors 251
Applying Article 56 TFEU: prohibition of discrimination and of
restrictions 252
Prohibition of discrimination 252
Prohibition of restrictions 253
Justifications 257
Public policy, public security and public health 257
Exercise of official authority 257
Justifications on overriding grounds in the public interest 258
Principle of mutual recognition 258
Rights under Article 56 TFEU: secondary law and case law 260
The right to enter another Member State, to reside there and to leave 260
Prohibition of disproportionate requirements 261
Establishment, residence or seat requirements 261
Authorization and registration requirements 262
Compulsory minimum fees and authorization requirements for insurance
rate increases 262
Gambling and betting 264
Advertising prohibitions 266
Posted workers 267
Taxation 270
Rights of service recipients 271
Right to enter another Member State to receive services 271
Right to receive services under the same conditions as nationals 271
The right to access healthcare in another Member State 272
Secondary law 275
Legal basis for services liberalization and harmonization 275
Services Directive 275
Public services 280
Further reading 287
xi Contents
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8 Free movement of capital and payments (Articles 63–66 TFEU) 288
Introduction 288
Main Treaty provisions at a glance 291
Direct effect 292
Personal scope (beneficiaries) 292
Material scope 292
Capital and payments 292
Cross-border element 296
Addressees 296
Host and home state 296
Non-state actors 297
Applying Article 63 TFEU: prohibition of discrimination and of
restrictions 297
Prohibition of discrimination 297
Prohibition of restrictions 298
Justifications 298
Public policy and public security 298
Further derogations in Article 65(1)(b) TFEU 299
Differential treatment in tax measures on grounds of residence 299
Restrictions in Article 64(1) TFEU 301
Overriding grounds in the public interest 301
Proportionality 303
Rights under Article 63 TFEU: secondary law and case law 304
Prohibition of golden shares for the state 304
Restrictions, authorization and notification requirements on the acquisition
of immovable property 309
Restrictive investment requirements for public institutions 310
Direct tax cases 311
Secondary law 315
Further reading 316
Index 317
xii Contents
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Tables
1.1 Overview of the Treaty freedom provisions page 31.2 Overview of the major Treaty reforms 41.3 Various preferences regarding European integration, according to
Leon Lindberg 61.4 Overview of TFEU provisions 111.5 Exclusive and shared competences, according to Articles 3 and 4 TFEU 141.6 Central provisions authorizing secondary law in regard to the Treaty
freedoms 152.1 Common structure 182.2 Internal market provisions having direct effect (according to the
Court’s case law) 202.3 Overview of the principal measures governing the movement rights
of Turkish citizens in the EU 283.1 Schematic overview of the steps of economic integration according
to Bela Balassa 373.2 Overview of the main Treaty provisions with regard to the free
movement of goods 403.3 Delineating the free movement of goods from the other Treaty
freedoms 423.4 Excerpt from Annex I to Council Regulation 2658/87 on the tariff and
statistical nomenclature and on the Common Customs Tariff 523.5 Selling arrangements 633.6 Schemes of geographical indications 773.7 Examples of harmonized measures 803.8 Examples of harmonized standards in the field of machinery 803.9 Important secondary law on consumer protection 823.10 Differentiating between Article 30 TFEU and Article 110 TFEU 873.11 Comparison between Article 110(1) and Article 110(2) TFEU 914.1 Overview of Union citizenship provisions 974.2 Schematic overview of three cases that were not considered to be
“purely internal” to a Member State by the Court 1054.3 Restrictions of mobility and residence rights 119
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4.4 Issues the Court proposed that the national court should consider inTsakouridis 130
4.5 Overview of the main regulatory fields covered by the anti-discrimination Directives 141
5.1 First work permits granted to foreign workers by six EEC MemberStates 147
5.2 Overview of Treaty provisions in the field of the free movement ofworkers 147
5.3 Overview of the provisions of Regulation 492/2011 1705.4 Example: the rules related to sickness benefits 1925.5 Some relevant secondary law measures 1946.1 Overview of the main Treaty provisions with regard to the freedom
of establishment 1986.2 Overview: establishment and services (Gebhard, 1995) 2036.3 Schematic comparison of the Court’s case law on the status of natural
and legal persons 2246.4 Overview: how companies can “move” to another Member State 2316.5 Examples of secondary law in the field of establishment and their
legal bases 2346.6 Overview: important company law harmonization measures 2397.1 Overview of the main Treaty provisions with regard to the freedom
to provide and receive services 2427.2 Types of public service and their applicable law 2818.1 Overview of the main Treaty provisions with regard to the free
movement of capital and payments 2928.2 The definition of “capital” according to the nomenclature of
Directive 88/361/EEC 2948.3 Some important golden share cases 3068.4 Overview: legal bases for secondary law measures concerning the
free movement of capital 316
xiv List of tables
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Table of cases
3 Glocken, Case 407/85, [1988] ECR 4233 60
A and B see Skatteverket v. A and BA-Punkt Schmuckhandel, Case C-441/04, [2006]
ECR I-2093 63–64Abatay (Eran) and Others (C-317/01) and Nadi Sahin
(C-369/01) v. Bundesanstalt für Arbeit, Joined Cases,[2003] ECR I-12301 27, 28–29, 199
Acoset SpA v. Conferenza Sindaci e Presidenza Prov RegATO Idrico Ragusa and Others, Case C-196/08,[2009] ECR I-9913 285–286
Air Liquide Industries, Joined Cases C-393/04 andC-41/05, [2006] ECR I-5293 86–87
Åklagaren v. Percy Mickelsson and Joakim Roos,Case C-142/05, [2009] ECR I-4273 66, 74
Aladzhov (Petar) v. Zamestnik director na Stolichnadirektsia na vatreshnite raboti kam Ministerstvo navatreshnite raboti, Case C-434/10, [2011]ECR I-11659 118, 123
Alarape (Olaitan Ajoke) and Olukayode Azeez Tijaniv. Secretary of State for the Home Department,Case C-529/11, [2013] ECR I-00000 171
Albore (Alfredo), Case C-423/98, [2000] ECR I-5965296–297, 298
Alfa Vita, Joined Cases C-158/04 and C-159/04, [2006]ECR I-8135 66, 74–75
Alliance for Natural Health, Joined Cases C-154/04 andC-155/04, [2005] ECR I-6451 44
Allué, Joined Cases C-259/91, C-331/91 and C-332/91,[1993] ECR I-4309 175–176
Almelo, Case C-393/92, [1994] ECR I-1477 41–42Alpine Investments BV v. Minister Van Financiën, Case
C-384/93, [1995] ECR I-1141 21, 251Altmark Trans GmbH and Regierungspräsidium
Magdeburg v. Nahverkehrsgesellschaft AltmarkGmbH, Case C-280/00, [2003] ECR I-7747 281,283–284
Amministrazione delle Finanze dello Stato v.Simmenthal SpA, Case 106/77, [1978] ECR 629 19–20
ANAV see Associazione Nazionale AutotrasportoViaggiatori (ANAV) v. Comune di Bari and AMTABServizio SpA
André Marchandise, Case C-332/89, [1991] ECR I-102760–61
Angonese (Roman) v. Cassa di Risparmio di BolzanoSpA, Case C-281/98, [2000] ECR I-4139 31, 158–159,160–161
Anker, Case C-47/02, [2003] ECR I-10447 166–167Anton Las see Las (Anton) v. PSA Antwerp NVAntonissen, Case C-292/89, [1991] ECR I-745 153–154,
171Apothekerkammer des Saarlandes (DocMorris II),
Case C-171/07, [2009] ECR I-4171 74–75Apple and Pear Development Council, Case 222/82,
[1983] ECR 4083 46–47Aragonesa de Publicidad Exterior, Joined Cases C-1/90
and C-176/90, [1991] ECR I-4151 43–44Arblade see Criminal proceedings against Jean-Claude
ArbladeASM Brescia SpA v. Comune di Rodengo Saiano,
Case C-347/06, [2008] ECR I-5641 201Association of Pharmaceutical Importers see R v. Royal
Pharmaceutical Society of Great BritainAssociazione Nazionale Autotrasporto Viaggiatori
(ANAV) v. Comune di Bari and AMTAB Servizio SpA,Case C-410/04, [2006] ECR I-3303 285–286
Attanasio Group Srl v. Comune di Carbognano,Case C-384/08, [2010] ECR I-2055 208, 211
Ayuntamiento de Ceuta, Case C-45/94, [1995]ECR I-4385 86–87, 170–171
Bachmann, Case C-204/90, [1992] ECR I-00249 188,270–271, 312
Bâtiments et Ponts Construction SA and WISAGProduktionsservice GmbH v. Berlaymont 2000 SA,Case C-74/09, [2010] ECR I-7271 285
Baumbast, Case C-413/99, [2002] ECR I-709195, 100
Belgian State v. René Humbel and Marie-Thérèse Edel,Case 263/86, [1988] ECR 5365 249, 282–283
Belgian State–SPF Finances v. Truck Center SA,Case C-282/07, [2008] ECR I-10767 205
Bergström see Försäkringskassan v. ElisabethBergström
Bernini, Case C-3/90, [1992] ECR I-1071 151–152, 189Bettray, Case 344/87, [1989] ECR 1621 151–152Bidar, Case C-209/03, [2005] ECR I-2119 110, 111, 115,
120–121, 134–136, 183
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Blanckaert (JEJ) v. Inspecteur van de Belastingdienst/Particulieren/Ondernemingen buitenland te Heerlen,Case C-512/03, [2005] ECR I-7685 300
Blanco Pérez (José Manuel) and María del Pilar ChaoGómez v. Consejería de Salud y Servicios Sanitarios(C-570/07) and Principado de Asturias (C-571/07),Joined Cases, [2010] ECR I-4629 34, 209, 214
Bobadilla, Case C-234/97, [1999] ECR I-4773 164–165Boehringer Ingelheim, Case C-143/00, [2002]
ECR I-3759 79Bonsignore, Case 67/74, [1975] ECR 297 117,
128–129, 165Bordessa see Criminal proceedings against Aldo
Bordessa, Vicente Marí Mellado and ConcepciónBarbero Maestre
Bosman see Union Royale Belge des Sociétés deFootball Association ASBL v. Jean-Marc Bosman
Bozkurt see Land Baden-Württemberg v. Metin BozkurtBresciani, Case 87/75, [1976] ECR 129 50Bressol (Nicolas) and Others and Céline Chaverot and
Others v. Gouvernement de la Communautéfrançaise, Case C-73/08, [2010] ECR I-2735 31, 103,110, 115, 119–120, 132–133
Bristol-Myers Squibb, Joined Cases C-427/93, C-429/93and C-436/93, [1996] ECR I-3457 78
Brown, Case 197/86, [1988] ECR 3205 134–135Busley see Grundstücksgemeinschaft Busley and Cibrian
Fernandez v. Finanzamt Stuttgart-KörperschaftenBuy Irish see Commission v. Ireland – Buy IrishByankov (Hristo) v. Glaven sekretar na Ministerstvo
na vatreshnite raboti, Case C-249/11, [2013]ECR I-00000 118
Cadbury Schweppes plc and Cadbury SchweppesOverseas Ltd v. Commissioners of Inland Revenue,Case C-196/04, [2006] ECR I-4027 and 7995 188, 227,294–296
CaixaBank France v. Ministère de l’Economie, desFinances et de l’Industrie, Case C-442/02, [2004]ECR I-8961 207–208, 211, 256
Calfa see Criminal proceedings against Donatella CalfaCampus Oil Limited and Others v. Minister for Industry
and Energy and Others, Case 72/83, [1984] ECR 272734, 116–117
Canal Satéllite Digital, Case C-390/99, [2002] ECR I-60762, 71, 262
Capolongo, Case 77/72, [1973] ECR 611 40–41Carbonati Apuani, Case C-72/03, [2004] ECR I-08027 43Carbone (Graziana Luisi and Giuseppe) v. Ministero del
Tesoro, Joined Cases C-286/82 and C-26/83, [1984]ECR 377 244
Carmen Media Group Ltd v. Land Schleswig-Holsteinand Innenminister des Landes Schleswig-Holstein,Case C-46/08, [2010] ECR I-8149 265–266
Carpenter (Mary) v. Secretary of State for the HomeDepartment, Case C-60/00, [2002] ECR I-6279 95
Cartesio Oktatóés Szolgáltató bt, Case C-210/06, [2008]ECR I-9641 222–223
Casati see Criminal proceedings against Guerrino CasatiCassis de Dijon see Rewe-Zentral AG v.
Bundesmonopolverwaltung für BranntweinCasteels (Maurits) v. British Airways plc, Case C-379/09,
[2011] ECR I-1379 161Caves Krier Frères Sàrl v. Directeur de l’Administration
de l’emploi, Case C-379/11, [2013] ECR I-00000 184Centros Ltd v. Erhvervs-og Selskabsstyrelsen,
Case C-212/97, [1999] ECR I-1459 222–223, 226, 227,228–229, 231
Chateignier (Monique) v. Office national de l’emploi(ONEM), Case C-346/05, [2006] ECR I-10953 181
Ciola (Erich) v. Land Vorarlberg, Case C-224/97, [1999]ECR I-2517 206, 252
Cipolla (Federico) v. Rosaria Fazari, née Portolese(C-94/04) and Stefano Macrino and ClaudiaCapoparte v. Roberto Meloni (C-202/04), JoinedCases, [2006] ECR I-11421 254–255, 262–263
Clean Car, Case C-350/96, [1998] ECR I-3075 155Coditel Brabant SA v. Commune d’Uccle and Région de
Bruxelles-Capitale, Case C-324/07, [2008] ECR I-8457285–286
COGIS, Case 216/81, [1982] ECR 2701 90Colegio de Oficiales de la Marina Mercante Espanola,
Case C-405/01, [2003] ECR I-10391 166–167Collins, Case C-138/02, [2004] ECR I-02703 120, 151,
155–156, 171, 183, 189Commission v. Austria, Case C-161/07, [2008]
ECR I-10671 205Commission v. Austria, Case C-53/08, [2011]
ECR I-4309 210Commission v. Austria – Austrian University Access, Case
C-147/03, [2005] ECR I-5969 120, 131–132Commission v. Austria – Boiler Inspectors, Case
C-257/05, [2006] ECR I-134 261–262Commission v. Austria – Brenner Motorway,
Case C-320/03, [2005] ECR I-9871 69–70Commission v. Austria – Deductibility of Gifts,
Case C-10/10, [2011] ECR I-5389 315Commission v. Austria – Inspection of Organic
Production, Case C-393/05, [2007] ECR I-10195261–262
Commission v. Austria – Reduced Public TransportFares, Case C-75/11, [2013] ECR I-00000 135
Commission v. Belgium, Case C-278/94, [1996]ECR I-4307 155
Commission v. Belgium, Case C-344/95, [1995]ECR I-1035 154
Commission v. Belgium, Case C-47/08, [2011]ECR I-4105 210
Commission v. Belgium – Belgian University Access, CaseC-65/03, [2004] ECR I-6427 131–132
Commission v. Belgium – Public Service, Case 149/79,[1982] ECR 1845 165–167
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Commission v. Belgium – Public Warehouses, Case 132/82, [1983] ECR 1649 43–44, 49
Commission v. Belgium – Purchase of Homes forPrimary Residence, Case C-250/08, [2013]ECR I-00000 302
Commission v. Belgium – Registration of Aircraft, CaseC-203/98, [1999] ECR I-4899 216
Commission v. Belgium – SNTC, Case C-503/99, [2002]ECR I-4809 308
Commission v. Belgium – Sufficient Resources,Case C-408/03, [2006] ECR I-2647 125, 130–131
Commission v. Belgium – Taxation of PensionContributions, Case C-522/04, [2007] ECR I-5701 313
Commission v. Belgium – Walloon Label of Quality,Case C-255/03, [2004] ECR I-00000 76–77
Commission v. Belgium – Walloon Waste, Case C-2/90,[1992] ECR 4431 41–42, 69
Commission v. Denmark, Case 158/82, [1983]ECR 3572 87
Commission v. Denmark – Beer Bottles, Case 302/86,[1988] ECR 4607 33
Commission v. Denmark – Fruit Wines, Case 106/84,[1986] ECR 833 88
Commission v. Finland – Car Transfer Licence,Case C-54/05, [2007] ECR I-2473 73–74
Commission v. France, Case 307/84, [1986] ECR 1725166–167
Commission v. France, Case C-35/97, [1998]ECR I-5325 189
Commission v. France, Case C-255/04, [2006]ECR I-5251 169
Commission v. France, Case C-50/08, [2011]ECR I-4195 210
Commission v. France – Biomedical Laboratories,Case C-89/09, [2010] ECR I-12941 212
Commission v. France – Bovine Insemination,Case C-389/05, [2008] ECR I-5337 213–214
Commission v. France – French Sailors, Case 167/73,[1974] ECR 359 148, 162
Commission v. France – Gold, Case C-166/03, [2004] ECRI-6535 56–57
Commission v. France – Registration of Vessels,Case C-334/94, [1996] ECR I-1307 212
Commission v. France – Spanish Strawberries,Case C-265/95, [1997] ECR I-6959 22, 46–47,116–117
Commission v. France – Spirits, Case 168/78, [1980]ECR 347 88
Commission v. Germany, Case C-317/92, [1994]ECR I-2039 62–63
Commission v. Germany, Case C-131/93, [1994]ECR I-3303 55
Commission v. Germany, Case C-546/07, [2010]ECR I-439 257
Commission v. Germany, Case C-54/08, [2011]ECR I-4355 210
Commission v. Germany – Beer, Case 178/84, [1987]ECR 1227 59
Commission v. Germany – CMA, Case C-325/00, [2002]ECR I-9977 21–22
Commission v. Germany – Hospital Pharmacies,Case C-141/07, [2008] ECR I-6935 70
Commission v. Germany – Inspection of OrganicProduction, Case C-404/05, [2007] ECR I-10239261–262
Commission v. Germany – Insurances, Case 205/84,[1986] ECR 3755 250–251, 260
Commission v. Germany – Markenqualität AusDeutschen Landen, Case C-325/00, [2002] ECR I-997776–77
Commission v. Germany – Psychotherapists,Case C-456/05, [2007] ECR I-10517 206–207
Commission v. Germany – Tax Deductibility of SchoolFees, Case C-318/05, [2007] ECR I-6957 103
Commission v. Germany – Temp Work Agencies,Case C-490/04, [2007] ECR I-6095 33, 252
Commission v. Germany – Tobacco Advertising II,Case C-380/03, [2006] ECR I-11573 15–16
Commission v. Germany – Volkswagen, Case C-112/05,[2007] ECR I-8995 305
Commission v. Germany – Work Visa Regime,Case C-244/04, [2006] ECR I-885 268
Commission v. Greece, Case 192/84, [1985] ECR 3973 56Commission v. Greece, Case C-391/92, [1995] ECR I-1621
63–64Commission v. Greece, Case C-140/03, [2005]
ECR I-3177 212Commission v. Greece, Case C-61/08, [2011]
ECR I-4399 210Commission v. Greece, Case C-460/08, [2009] ECR I-216
167–168Commission v. Greece – Computer Games, Case C-65/
05, [2006] ECR I-10341 42Commission v. Greece – Golden Shares, Case C-244/11,
[2013] ECR I-00000 307–309Commission v. Greece – Greek Orchestra, Case C-187/96,
[1998] ECR I-1095 176Commission v. Greece – Immovable Property,
Case 305/87, [1989] ECR 1461 217Commission v. Greece – Liberal Professions, Case 38/87,
[1988] ECR 4415 216–217Commission v. Greece – Private Schools, Case 147/86,
[1988] ECR 1637 210Commission v. Greece – Real Estate Tax
Exemption, Case C-155/09, [2011] ECR I-65138–139, 162
Commission v. Greece – Registration of Vessels,Case C-62/96, [1997] ECR I-6725 215–216
Commission v. Greece – Transfer Tax Exemption,Case C-155/09, [2011] ECR I-65 217
Commission v. Hungary, Case C-253/09, [2013]ECR I-00000 187–188
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Commission v. Ireland – Buy Irish, Case 249/81, [1982]ECR 4005 45, 56
Commission v. Ireland – Irish Souvenirs, Case 113/80,[1981] ECR 1625 58, 76
Commission v. Ireland – Registration of Vessels,Case C-151/96, [1997] ECR I-3327 215–216
Commission v. Italy, Case C-158/94, [1997] ECR I-578941–42
Commission v. Italy, Case C-326/07, [2009] ECR I-2291116–117
Commission v. Italy, Case C-447/07, [2008] ECR I-00160167–168
Commission v. Italy – Access to Museums, Case C-388/01,[2003] ECR I-721 33, 271–272
Commission v. Italy – Art Works, Case 7/68, [1968]ECR 424 41–42, 50
Commission v. Italy – Banana Consumption Tax,Case 184/85, [1987] ECR 2013 90
Commission v. Italy – Customs Agents, Case C-35/96,[1998] ECR I-3851 281
Commission v. Italy – Dentists, Case C-162/99, [2001]ECR I-541 216
Commission v. Italy – Extrajudicial Debt Recovery,Case C-134/05, [2007] ECR I-6251 261–262
Commission v. Italy – Italian Civil Service, Case C-371/04,[2006] ECR I-10257 176
Commission v. Italy – Italian Trailers, Case C-110/05,[2009] ECR I-519 33, 34, 70–71, 74
Commission v. Italy – Lawyer Tariffs, Case C-565/08,[2011] ECR I-2101 262–263
Commission v. Italy – Private Security Guards,Case C-283/99, [2001] ECR I-4363 167, 205, 210,262–263
Commission v. Italy – Security Guards, Case C-465/05,[2007] ECR I-11091 261–262
Commission v. Italy – Social Housing, Case 63/86, [1988]ECR 29 217
Commission v. Italy – Statistical Levy, Case 24/68, [1969]ECR 193 50–51, 86
Commission v. Italy – Taxation of Dividends, CaseC-540/07, [2009] ECR I-10983 24
Commission v. Italy – Temp Work, Case C-279/00,[2002] ECR I-1425 261–262
Commission v. Italy – Veto on Acquisition of Shares,Case C-326/07, [2009] ECR I-2291 209
Commission v. Luxembourg, Case C-445/03, [2004]ECR I-10191 169
Commission v. Luxembourg, Case C-51/08, [2011]ECR I-4231 210
Commission v. Luxembourg and Belgium –
Gingerbread, Joined Cases 2/62 and 3/62, [1962]ECR 813 49
Commission v. Luxembourg – Minimum Income Case,Case C-299/01, [2002] ECR I-5899 180
Commission v. Netherlands, Case C-299/02, [2004]ECR I-9761 208
Commission v. Netherlands, Case C-398/06, [2008]ECR I-56 125
Commission v. Netherlands – Notaries, Case C-157/09,[2011] ECR I-0000 210
Commission v. Netherlands – Three-Out-of-Six-YearsRule, Case C-542/09, [2013] ECR I-00000 135
Commission v. Netherlands – Used Cars, Case C-297/05,[2007] ECR I-7467 73–74
Commission v. Poland – Pension Funds, Case C-271/09,[2013] ECR I-00000 310
Commission v. Portugal, Case C-52/08, [2011]ECR I-4275 210
Commission v. Portugal – Construction Sector,Case C-458/08, [2010] ECR I-11599 258–259
Commission v. Portugal – Dividends, Case C-493/09,[2011] ECR I-9247 313
Commission v. Portugal – GALP Energia, Case C-212/09,[2011] ECR I-10889 297, 306–307
Commission v. Portugal – Golden Shares, Case C-367/98,[2002] ECR I-4731 297
Commission v. Portugal – Golden Shares, Case C-212/09, [2011] ECR I-10889 294–296
Commission v. Portugal – Polyethylene Pipes,Case C-432/03, [2005] ECR I-9665 71–72
Commission v. Spain, Case C-94/08, [2008] ECR I-160167–168
Commission v. Spain – Access to Museums, Case C-45/93, [1994] ECR I-911 271–272
Commission v. Spain – Dividends, Case C-487/08, [2010]ECR I-4843 312–313
Commission v. Spain – Private Security Guards,Case C-114/97, [1998] ECR I-6717 210, 216, 232–233
Commission v. Spain – Shopping Centres, Case C-400/08, [2011] ECR I-1915 217–218
Commission v. Spain – Spanish Chocolate, Case C-12/00,[2003] ECR I-459 62–63
Commission v. Spain – Tourist Guides, Case C-375/92,[1994] ECR I-923 260
Commission v. Sweden, Case C-167/05, [2008]ECR I-2127 91
Commission v. United Kingdom, Case 207/83, [1985]ECR 1201 76
Commission v. United Kingdom, Case 261/85, [1988]ECR 547 55
Commission v. United Kingdom –Wine and Beer Cases,Case 170/78, [1983] ECR 2265 90–91
Consiglio Nazionale degli Ingegneri, Case C-311/06,[2009] ECR I-415 235–236
Corporación Dermoestética SA v. To Me GroupAdvertising Media, Case C-500/06, [2008] ECR I-5785266
Corsica Ferries France SA v. Gruppo AntichiOrmeggiatori del porto di Genova Coop. arl, GruppoOrmeggiatori del Golfo di La Spezia Coop. arl andMinistero dei Trasporti e della Navigazione,Case C-266/96, [1998] ECR I-3949 257, 282
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Costa/ENEL see Flaminio Costa v. ENELCouncil of the City of Stoke-on-Trent, Case C-169/91,
[1992] ECR I-6635 60–61Cowan (Ian William) v. Trésor public, Case 186/87,
[1989] ECR 195 244, 271Criel, Case 41/76, [1976] ECR 1921 42Criminal proceedings against A, Case E-1/07, [2007]
EFTA CR 246 24Criminal proceedings against Aldo Bordessa, Vicente Marí
Mellado and Concepción Barbero Maestre, JoinedCases C-358/93 and C-416/93, [1995] ECR I-361 292
Criminal proceedings against Alfred John Webb, Case279/80, [1981] ECR 3305 246, 247
Criminal proceedings against Donatella Calfa,Case C-348/96, [1999] ECR I-11 244–245
Criminal proceedings against Ernst Engelmann,Case C-64/08, [2010] ECR I-8219 232–233
Criminal proceedings against Guerrino Casati,Case 203/80, [1981] ECR 2595 288–289
Criminal proceedings against Jacques Pistre (C-321/94),Michèle Barthes (C-322/94), Yves Milhau (C-323/94)et Didier Oberti (C-324/94), Joined Cases, [1997] ECRI-2343 43
Criminal proceedings against Jan van de Haar andKaveka de Meern BV, Joined Cases 177/82 and 178/82, [1984] ECR 1797 46–47, 56–57
Criminal proceedings against Jean-Claude Arblade andArblade & Fils SARL (C-369/96) and Bernard Leloup,Serge Leloup and Sofrage SARL (C-376/96), JoinedCases, [1999] ECR I-8453 33, 258, 259–260
Criminal proceedings against Lucas Emilio Sanz de Lera,Raimundo Díaz Jiménez and Figen Kapanoglu, CaseC-163/94, [1995] ECR I-4821 292
Criminal proceedings against Massimiliano Placanica(C-338/04), Christian Palazzese (C-359/04) andAngelo Sorricchio (C-360/04), Joined Cases C-338/04,C-359/04 and C-360/04, [2007] ECR I-1891 211,265–266
Criminal proceedings against Piergiorgio Gambelli andOthers, Case C-243/01, [2003] ECR I-13031 248
Criminal proceedings against Uwe Kay Festersen, CaseC-370/05, [2007] ECR I-1129 309–310
Criminal proceedings against Vítor Manuel dos SantosPalhota and Others, Case C-515/08, [2010] ECRI-9133 268
Cristini, Case 32/75, [1975] ECR 1085 180
Daily Mail see R v. HM Treasury and Commissioners ofInland Revenue, ex parte Daily Mail and GeneralTrust plc
Danner (Rolf Dieter), Case C-136/00, [2002] ECR I-8147248
Dansk Supermarked, Case 58/80, [1981] ECR 18143–44, 46–47
Dassonville see Procureur du Roi v. Benoît and GustaveDassonville
De Agostini, Joined Cases C-34/95, C-35/95 and C-36/95, [1997] ECR I-3843 64–65, 66
De Coster (François) v. Collège des Bourgmestre etEchevins de Watermael-Boitsfort, Case C-17/00,[2001] ECR I-9445 250–251, 254–255
De Cuyper, Case C-406/04, [2006] ECR I-06947 114, 115,120, 138, 169
De Peijper, Case 104/75, [1976] ECR 613 69–70, 78–79De Vos, Case C-315/94, [1996] ECR I-1417 178Deak, Case 94/84, [1985] ECR 1873 190DEB Deutsche Energiehandels- und
Beratungsgesellschaft mbH v. BundesrepublikDeutschland, Case C-279/09, [2010] ECR I-13849 102
Decker (Nicolas) v. Caisse de Maladie des EmployésPrivés, Case C-120/95, [1998] ECR I-1831 273–274
Defrenne II, Case 43/75, [1976] ECR 455 141Delay (Nancy) v. Università degli Studi di Firenze,
Istituto Nazionale della Previdenza Sociale (INPS)and Italian Republic, Case C-276/07, [2008] ECRI-3635 30–31, 175–176
Deli Ostrich NV v. Belgische Staat, Case C-559/10, [2011]ECR I-10873 52–53
Deliège (Christelle) v. Ligue Francophone de Judo etDisciplines Associées ASBL, Ligue Belge de Judo ASBL,Union Européenne de Judo (C-51/96) and FrançoisPacquée (C-191/97), Joined Cases, [2000] ECR I-2549249–250, 251–252
Demirel (Meryem) v. Stadt Schwäbisch Gmünd,Case 12/86, [1987] ECR 3719 27
Denkavit Futtermittel, Case 251/78, [1979] ECR 3369 58Dereci and Others v. Bundesministerium für Inneres,
Case C-256/11, [2011] ECR I-11315 28–29, 107, 122Deserbais, Case 286/86, [1988] ECR 4907 60Deutsche Grammophon, Case 78/70, [1971] ECR 487 47Deutsches Milch-Kontor, Case C-272/95, [1997]
ECR I-1905 84D’Hoop, Case C-224/98, [2002] ECR I-6191 111, 112,
120, 137–137, 153–154, 183–184Di Leo, Case C-309/89, [1990] ECR I-4185 190Diamantarbeiders, Case 2/69, [1969] ECR 211 41, 49Dijkman (Gerhard) and Maria Dijkman-Lavaleije v.
Belgische Staat, Case C-233/09, [2010] ECR I-6649 271DKV Belgium v. Association Belge des Consommateurs
Test-Achats ASBL, Case C-577/11, [2013] ECR I-00000263–264
DocMorris I, Case C-322/01, [2003] ECR I-14887 74–75DocMorris II see Apothekerkammer des SaarlandesDonà, Case 13/76, [1976] ECR 1333 151, 160Dülger (Natthaya) v. Wetteraukreis, Case C-451/11,
[2012] ECR I-00000 149–150Duomo Gpa Srl (C-357/10), Gestione Servizi Pubblici Srl
(C-358/10) and Irtel Srl (C-359/10) v. Comune diBaranzate (C-357/10 and C-358/10) and Comune diVenegono Inferiore (C-359/10), Joined Cases, [2013]ECR I-00000 200–203, 232–233
Dusseldorp, Case C-203/96, [1998] ECR I-4075 84, 85
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Ebert (Donat Cornelius) v. Budapesti Ügyvédi Kamara,Case C-359/09, [2011] ECR I-269 217, 218–219
Econord SpA v. Comune di Cagno and Comune diVarese (C-182/11) and Comune di Solbiate andComune di Varese (C-183/11), Joined Cases, [2013]ECR I-00000 285
EFTA Surveillance Authority v. Republic of Iceland,Case E-1/03, [2003] EFTA CR 143 23
Eind, Case C-291/05, [2007] ECR I-10719 172–173Elsen, Case C-135/99, [2000] ECR I-10409 137Eman and Sevinger, Case C-300/04, [2006]
ECR I-8055 98Engelmann see Criminal proceedings against Ernst
EngelmannErny (Georges) v. Daimler AG – Werk Wörth,
Case C-172/11, [2013] ECR I-00000 159Essent Netwerk, Case C-206/06, [2008] ECR I-5497 40,
43–44, 49, 89Etablissements Delhaize Frères et Compagnie Le Lion
SA v. Promalvin SA and AGE Bodegas Unidas SA,Case C-47/90, [1992] ECR I-3669 82–83
Etablissements Rimbaud SA v. Directeur général desimpôts and Directeur des services fiscaux d’Aix-en-Provence, Case C-72/09, [2010] ECR I-10659 303
Even, Case 207/78, [1979] ECR 2019 176–177, 178Exportur, Case C-3/91, [1992] ECR I-5529 56, 76–77
Factortame see R v. Secretary of State for Transport, exparte Factortame Ltd and Others
Federal Republic of Germany v. European Parliamentand Council of the European Union (TobaccoAdvertising I), Case C-376/98, [2000] ECR I-841915–16
Fédération des Maisons de Repos Privées de Belgique(Femarbel) ASBL v. Commission CommunautaireCommune de Bruxelles-Capitale, Case C-57/12,[2013] ECR I-00000 278
Fedesa, Case 331/88, [1990] ECR I-4023 69Femarbel see Fédération des Maisons de Repos Privées
de Belgique (Femarbel) ASBL v. CommissionCommunautaire Commune de Bruxelles-Capitale
Festersen see Criminal proceedings against Uwe KayFestersen
Fidium Finanz AG v. Bundesanstalt fürFinanzdienstleistungsaufsicht, Case C-452/04, [2006]ECR I-9521 245, 261–262
Filipiak, Case C-314/08, [2009] ECR I-11049 187Finalarte Sociedade de Construção Civil Ltd (C-49/98),
Portugaia Construções Ltd (C-70/98) and EngilSociedade de Construção Civil SA (C-71/98) v.Urlaubs-und Lohnausgleichskasse der Bauwirtschaftand Urlaubs- und Lohnausgleichskasse derBauwirtschaft v. Amilcar Oliveira Rocha (C-50/98),Tudor Stone Ltd (C-52/98), Tecnamb-Tecnologia doAmbiante Lda (C-53/98), Turiprata Construções CivilLda (C-54/98), Duarte dos Santos Sousa (C-68/98)
and Santos & Kewitz Construções Lda (C-69/98),Joined Cases, [2001] ECR I-7831 34
Finanzamt Köln-Altstadt v. Schumacker, Case C-279/93,[1995] ECR I-225 114–115, 138–139, 164–165,185–187
Fink-Frucht, Case 27/67, [1968] ECR 327 40–41, 88FKP Scorpio Konzertproduktionen GmbH v. Finanzamt
Hamburg-Eimsbüttel, Case C-290/04, [2006] ECRI-9461 243–244
Flaminio Costa v. ENEL, Case 6/64, [1964] ECR 1141 2Flemish Insurance Case, Case C-212/06, [2008]
ECR I-1683 156, 157–158Fokus Invest AG v. Finanzierungsberatung-
Immobilientreuhand und Anlageberatung GmbH(FIAG), Case C-541/08, [2010] ECR I-1025 25–26,300
Forcheri, Case 28/83, [1984] ECR 1425 131–132Försäkringsaktiebolaget Skandia (publ) and Ola
Ramstedt v. Riksskatteverket, Case C-422/01, [2003]ECR I-6817 248
Försäkringskassan v. Elisabeth Bergström, Case C-257/10, [2013] ECR I-00000 182–182
Förster, Case C-158/07, [2008] ECR I-8507 135–136Fra.bo SpA v. Deutsche Vereinigung des Gas- und
Wasserfaches eV (DVGW) – Technisch-Wissenschaftlicher Verein, Case C-171/11, [2013] ECRI-00000 46
Frascogna, Joined Cases 157/84 and 256/86, [1987] ECR1739 180
Freskot, Case C-355/00, [2003] ECR I-5263 86–87Futura Participations, Case C-250/95, [1997] ECR I-2471
188, 303
GALP Energia see Commission v. Portugal (GALPEnergia)
Gambelli see Criminal proceedings against PiergiorgioGambelli and Others
Garcia Avello, Case C-148/02, [2003] ECR I-11613 103,104–105, 114–115, 140
Gaston Schul, Case 15/81, [1982] ECR 1409 44Gaydarov (Hristo) v. Director na Glavna direktsia
“Ohranitelna politsia” pri Ministerstvo navatreshnite raboti, Case C-430/10, [2011] ECR I-11637118–119
Gebhard (Reinhard) v. Consiglio dell’Ordine degliAvvocati e Procuratori di Milano, Case C-55/94,[1995] ECR I-4165 32, 34, 196, 201–203, 211–212,217, 250–251
Geraets-Smits (BSM) v. Stichting Ziekenfonds VGZ andHTM Peerbooms v. Stichting CZ GroepZorgverzekeringen, Case C-157/99, [2001] ECRI-05473 249, 272, 274–275
Geschwind, Case C-391/97, [1999] ECR I-5451 186–187Geurts (Maria) and Dennis Vogten v. Administratie van
de BTW, Registratie en Domeinen and BelgischeStaat, Case C-464/05, [2007] ECR I-9325 200–201
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Geven (Wendy) v. Land Nordrhein-Westfalen,Case C-213/05, [2007] ECR I-6347 178
Giersch (Elodie) and Others v. Etat du Grand-Duché deLuxembourg, Case C-20/12, [2013] ECR I-00000 32,135, 176–177
Glaxo Wellcome GmbH & Co. KG v. FinanzamtMünchen II, Case C-182/08, [2009] ECR I-8591 303
Gomes Valente, Case C-393/98, [2001] ECR I-1327 88Gottwald, Case C-103/08, [2009] ECR I-9117 120, 121,
135–136Gourmet International, Case C-405/98, [2001]
ECR I-1795 65Government of Communauté Française and
Gouvernement Wallon v. Gouvernement Flamand,Case C-212/06, [2008] ECR I-1683 31
Graf, Case C-190/98, [2000] ECR I-493 158, 171–172Gravier, Case 293/83, [1985] ECR 593 97–98, 100,
111, 131Grilli, Case C-12/02, [2003] ECR I-11585 84, 85–86Grimme (Christian) v. Deutsche Angestellten-
Krankenkasse, Case C-351/08, [2009] ECR I-1077725–26
Groener v. Ministry of Education, Case 379/87, [1989]ECR 3967 174–174
Groenveld (PB) BV v. Produktschap voor Vee en Vlees,Case 15/79, [1979] ECR 3409 83, 84, 85–86
Grogan see Society for the Protection of UnbornChildren Ireland Ltd v. Stephen Grogan and Others
Grundstücksgemeinschaft Busley and CibrianFernandez v. Finanzamt Stuttgart-Körperschaften,Case C-35/08, [2009] ECR I-9807 313–314
Grunkin and Paul, Case C-353/06, [2008] ECR I-7639 140Grzelczyk, Case C-184/99, [2001] ECR I-06193 93, 95,
111, 116, 120, 124–125, 134–136, 183Gül, Case 131/85, [1986] ECR 1573 190Gysbrechts (Lodewijk) v. Santurel Inter BVBA,
Case C-205/07, [2008] ECR I-9947 21, 84, 85–86
Hansen & Balle, Case 148/77, [1978] ECR 1787 89Hartlauer Handelsgesellschaft mbH v. Wiener
Landesregierung and OberösterreichischeLandesregierung, Case C-169/07, [2009] ECR I-172134, 69, 77–78, 214
Hartmann (Gertraud) v. Freistaat Bayern, Case C-212/05, [2007] ECR I-6303 31, 157, 178
Hedley Lomas, Case C-5/94, [1996] ECR I-2553 83Hendrix, Case C-287/05, [2007] ECR I-6909 157, 184Hengartner (Alexander) and Rudolf Gasser v.
Landesregierung Vorarlberg, Case C-70/09, [2010]ECR I-7233 25–26, 198
Henn and Darby, Case 34/79, [1979] ECR 3795 55Hoeckx, Case 249/83, [1985] ECR 973 180Hoekstra, Case 75/63, [1964] ECR 177 152–153Hoffmann-La Roche, Case 102/77, [1978] ECR 1139 79Höfner (Klaus) and Fritz Elser v. Macrotron GmbH, Case
C-41/90, [1991] ECR I-1979 200–201, 281
Holböck (Winfried L) v. Finanzamt Salzburg-Land, CaseC-157/05, [2007] ECR I-4051 301
Holdijk (Gerrit) and Others, Joined Cases 141/81 to143/81, [1982] ECR 1299 84
Huber, Case C-524/06, [2008] ECR I-9705 114–115, 118Humbel see Belgian State v. René Humbel and Marie-
Thérèse EdelHumblot, Case 112/84, [1985] ECR 1367 89
Idryma Typou AE v. Ypourgos Typou kai MesonMazikisEnimerosis, Case C-81/09, [2010] ECR I-10161 238
Iida (Yoshikazu) v. Stadt Ulm, Case C-40/11, [2013]ECR I-00000 107
Inspire Art see Kamer van Koophandel en Fabriekenvoor Amsterdam v. Inspire Art Ltd
International Fruit Company, Joined Cases 51/71 to 54/71, [1971] ECR 1107 73–74
International Transport Workers’ Federation and theFinnish Seamen’s Union (Viking), Case C-438/05,[2007] ECR I-10779 22, 204–205, 269
Inzirillo, Case 63/76, [1976] ECR 2057 177, 180Ioannidis, Case C-258/04, [2005] ECR I-8275 153–154,
183–184ITC Innovative Technology Center GmbH v.
Bundesagentur für Arbeit, Case C-208/05, [2007]ECR I-181 155, 168, 171–172, 248
Jäger (Theodor) v. Finanzamt Kusel-Landstuhl,Case C-256/06, [2008] ECR I-123 314–315
Jägerskiöld (Peter) v. Torolf Gustafsson, Case C-97/98,[1999] ECR I-7319 41–42, 246, 247
Jany (Aldona Malgorzata) and Others v.Staatssecretaris van Justitie, Case C-268/99, [2001]ECR I-8615 249
Jipa, Case C-33/07, [2008] ECR I-5157 99–100,116–117, 118
Johnnie Walker, Case 243/84, [1986] ECR 875 88–89Jongeneel Kaas, Case 237/82, [1984] ECR 483 84Jundt (Hans-Dieter) and Hedwig Jundt v. Finanzamt
Offenburg, Case C-281/06, [2007] ECR I-12231 248
Kaba (Arben) v. Secretary of State for the HomeDepartment, Case C-356/98, [2000] ECR I-262399–100
Kakavetsos-Fragkopoulos, Case C-161/09, [2011]ECR I-915 84, 86
Kalinchev, Case C-2/09, [2010] ECR I-4939 88Kamer van Koophandel en Fabrieken voor Amsterdam
v. Inspire Art Ltd, Case C-167/01, [2003] ECR I-10155226–227, 231
Kawala, Case C-134/07, [2007] ECR I-10703 89Keck and Mithouard, Joined Cases C-267 and C-268/91,
[1993] ECR 6097 42, 61, 62, 63–64, 65, 66, 74–75,207, 254, 256
Kempf, Case 139/85, [1986] ECR 1741 151–152Ker-Optika, Case C-108/09, [2010] ECR I-12213 74–75
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Klopp see Ordre des avocats au Barreau de Paris v.Onno Klopp
Knoors (J) v. Staatssecretaris van Economische Zaken,Case 115/78, [1979] ECR 399 29–30
Kohll (Raymond) v. Union des Caisses de Maladie,Case C-158/96, [1998] ECR I-1931 244, 246, 247, 248,273, 274
Konle (Klaus) v. Republik Österreich, Case C-302/97,[1999] ECR I-3099 309
Konstantinidis, Case C-168/91, [1992] ECR I-1191 93–94Kranemann, Case C-109/04, [2005] ECR I-2421
151–152, 166–167Kraus (Dieter) v. Land Baden-Württemberg, Case C-19/
92, [1993] ECR I-01663 206–207Kurz (Bülent), né Yüce v. Land Baden-Württemberg,
Case C-188/00, [2002] ECR I-10691 149–150
L. N. v. Styrelsen for Videregående Uddannelser ogUddannelsesstøtte, Case C-46/12, [2013] ECR I-00000179–180
Läärä (Markku Juhani), Cotswold Microsystems Ltd andOy Transatlantic Software Ltd v. Kihlakunnansyyttäjä(Jyväskylä) and Suomen valtio (Finnish State),Case C-124/97, [1999] ECR I-6067 265–266
Lair (Sylvie) v. Universität Hannover, Case 39/86, [1988]ECR 3161 189
Lakebrink, Case C-182/06, [2007] ECR I-6705 187Land Baden-Württemberg v. Metin Bozkurt,
Case C-303/08, [2010] ECR I-13445 149–150Land Baden-Württemberg v. Panagiotis Tsakouridis,
Case C-145/09, [2010] ECR I-11979 115, 116–117,129, 130–131
Las (Anton) v. PSA Antwerp NV, Case C-202/11, [2013]ECR I-00000 168–169
Laurence Prinz v. Region Hannover (Case C-523/11) andPhilipp Seeberger v. Studentenwerk Heidelberg(Case C-585/11) Joined Cases, [2013] ECR I-00000 135
Laval un Partneri Ltd v. SvenskaByggnadsarbetareförbundet,SvenskaByggnadsarbetareförbundets avdelning 1,Byggettan and Svenska Elektrikerförbundet,Case C-341/05, [2007] ECR I-11767 248, 251–252,253, 255–256, 268, 269
Lawrie-Blum, Case 66/85, [1986] ECR 2121 151–152,165, 166–167
Lebon, Case 316/85, [1987] ECR 2811 155, 176–177Levin v. Staatssecretaris van Justitie, Case 53/81, [1982]
ECR 1035 151Libert (Eric) and Others v. Gouvernement Flamand
(C-197/11) and All Projects & Developments NV andOthers v. Vlaamse Regering (C-203/11), Joined Cases,[2013] ECR I-00000 283–284, 309–310
Lindfors, Case C-365/02, [2004] ECR I-7183 139Luisi (Graziana) and Giuseppe Carbone v. Ministero del
Tesoro, Joined Cases C-286/82 and C-26/83, [1984]ECR 377 271, 292, 293
Lütticke, Case 57/65, [1966] ECR 3159 89
Mann Singh Shingara, Joined Cases C-65/95 and C-111/95, [1997] ECR I-3343 117
Manninen (Petri), Case C-319/02, [2004] ECR I-7477299–300, 311–312
Mars, Case C-470/93, [1995] ECR I-1923 62–63Marsman, Case 44/72, [1972] ECR 1243 180Martínez Sala (María) v. Freistaat Bayern, Case C-85/96,
[1998] ECR I-2691 94–95, 135–136Matteucci, Case 235/87, [1988] ECR 5589 189McCarthy (Shirley) v. Secretary of State for the Home
Department, Case C-434/09, [2011] ECR I-3375 104,121, 122, 157
Meca-Medina (David) and Igor Majcen v. Commissionof the European Communities, Case C-519/04P,[2006] ECR I-6991 246, 247
Meeusen, Case C-337/97, [1999] ECR I-3289 180–181Metock, Case C-127/08, [2008] ECR I-06241 119, 121Meyhui, Case C-51/93, [1994] ECR I-3879 44Michel, Case 76/72, [1973] ECR 457 180, 190Micheletti, Case C-369/90, [1992] ECR I-04239 101Mickelsson and Roos see Åklagaren v. Percy Mickelsson
and Joakim RoosMinister voor Wonen, Wijken en Integratie v.
Woningstichting Sint Servatius, Case C-567/07,[2009] ECR I-9021 310–311
Mobistar SA v. Commune de Fléron (C-544/03) andBelgacom Mobile SA v. Commune de Schaerbeek(C-545/03), Joined Cases, [2005] ECR I-7723 250–251,254–255
Monsees, Case C-350/97, [1999] ECR I-2921 60Morgan, Joined Cases C-11/06 and C-12/06, [2007] ECR
I-9161 98–99, 103, 109–110, 114, 137, 138Morson and Jhanjan, Joined Cases 35/82 and 36/82,
[1982] ECR 3723 157Moser (Hans) v. Land Baden-Württemberg, Case 180/
83, [1984] ECR 2539 156–157MRAX, Case C-459/99, [2002] ECR I-6591 122Mutsch, Case 137/84, [1985] ECR 2681 180
N, Case C-470/04, [2006] ECR I-7409 200, 232Nadin, Case C-151/04, [2005] ECR I-11203 152Nancy Delay see Delay (Nancy) v. Università degli Studi
di Firenze, Istituto Nazionale della Previdenza Sociale(INPS) and Italian Republic
National Grid Indus BV v. Inspecteur van deBelastingdienst Rijnmond/kantoorRotterdam, Case C-371/10, [2011] ECR I-12273203–204, 232
Netherlands v. Ann Florence Reed, Case 59/85, [1986]ECR 1283 180
Nimco Hassan Ibrahim, Case C-310/08, [2010]ECR I-1065 170–171
Ninni-Orasche, Case C-413/01, [2003] ECR I-13187151–152, 155–156
Nolte, Case C-317/93, [1995] ECR I-4625 151Nottebohm Case, Judgment of April 6, 1955, ICJ
Reports 1955, p. 4 101
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Nunes Tadeu, Case C-345/93, [1995] ECR I-479 88NV Algemene Transport- en Expeditie Onderneming
van Gend & Loos v. Netherlands Inland RevenueAdministration, Case 26/62, [1963] ECR 3 2, 19, 40
Öberg, Case C-185/04, [2006] ECR I-1453 164–165,176–177, 180, 182
Oebel, Case 155/80, [1981] ECR 1993 84O’Flynn, Case C-237/94, [1996] ECR I-2617 180Oguz (Tural) v. Secretary of State for the Home
Department, Case C-186/10, [2011] ECR I-6957 199Olympique Lyonnais, Case C-325/08, [2010] ECR I-2177
160, 172, 174–175Omalet NV v. Rijksdienst voor Sociale Zekerheid,
Case C-245/09, [2010] ECR I-13771 248Omega Spielhallen- und Automatenaufstellungs-GmbH
v. Oberbürgermeisterin der Bundesstadt Bonn, CaseC-36/02, [2004] ECR I-9609 258
Omroep see Vereniging Veronica Omroep Organisatiev. Commissariaat voor de Media
Oosthoek, Case 286/81, [1982] ECR 4575 43Opel Austria GmbH v. Council of the European Union,
Case T-115/94, [1997] ECR II-39 24Ordre des avocats au Barreau de Paris v. Onno Klopp,
Case 107/83, [1984] ECR 2971 212Orfanopoulos, Joined Cases C-482/01 and C-493/01,
[2004] ECR I-5257 117, 119, 128–129Orifarm A/S and Others (C-400/09) and Paranova
Danmark A/S and Paranova Pack A/S (C-207/10) v.Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. and Merck Sharp &Dohme BV and Merck Sharp & Dohme, Joined Cases,[2011] ECR I-7063 47, 78
Ospelt (Margarethe) and Schlössle WeissenbergFamilienstiftung, Case C-452/01, [2003] ECR I-9743302
Parking Brixen GmbH v. Gemeinde Brixen andStadtwerke Brixen AG, Case C-458/03, [2005]ECR I-8585 248, 285–286
Patrick (Richard Hugh) v. Ministre des affairesculturelles, Case 11/77, [1977] ECR 1199 234–235
Pesla, Case C-345/08, [2009] ECR I-11677 166–167, 236Petersen (Helga) and Peter Petersen v. Finanzamt
Ludwigshafen, Case C-544/11, [2013] ECR I-00000184–185
Petersen (Jörn), Case C-228/07, [2008] ECR I-06989 94,95, 103, 109–110, 162–163
Pharmaceutical Importers see R v. RoyalPharmaceutical Society of Great Britain
PI v. Oberbürgermeisterin der Stadt Remscheid,Case C-348/09, [2012] ECR I-00000 128–129
Placanica see Criminal proceedings against MassimilianoPlacanica
Poucet (Christian) v. Assurances Générales de Franceand Caisse Mutuelle Régionale du Languedoc-Roussillon, Case C-159/91, [1993] ECR I-637 282–283
Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri v. RegioneSardegna (stopover tax), Case C-169/08,[2009] ECR I-10821 20, 34, 248, 254–255, 272
Prete (Déborah) v. Office national de l’emploi,Case C-367/11, [2013] ECR I-00000 183–184
Preussen Elektra, Case C-379/98, [2001] ECR I-2099 43Procureur de la Republique Besancon v. Bouhelier, Case
53/76, [1977] ECR 3151 83, 84Procureur du Roi v. Benoît and Gustave Dassonville,
Case 8/74, [1974] ECR 837 32, 33, 40–41, 54, 55–56,58–59, 60–61, 62, 69, 74–75, 83, 163, 254
Punto Casa, Joined Cases C-69/93 and C-258/93, [1994]ECR I-2355 60–61, 63–64
Pusa, Case C-224/02, [2004] ECR I-5763 113–114
Queen v. see R v.
R v. Ernest George Thompson, Brian Albert Johnsonand Colin Alex Norman Woodiwiss, Case 7/78,[1978] ECR 2247 41–42, 293
R v. HM Treasury and Commissioners of InlandRevenue, ex parte Daily Mail and General Trust plc,Case 81/87, [1988] ECR 5483 220–222, 226
R v. Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, exparte Association of Pharmaceutical Importers andOthers, Joined Cases 266/87 and 267/87, [1989] ECR1295 21–22, 45, 56–57
R v. Secretary of State for the Home Department, exparte Abdulnasir Savas, Case C-37/98, [2000]ECR I-2927 27, 28–29, 199
R v. Secretary of State for the Home Department, exparte Mann Singh Shingara (C-65/95) and ex parteAbbas Radiom (C-111/95), Joined Cases, [1997]ECR I-3343 209
R v. Secretary of State for the Home Department, exparte on the application of Ezgi Payir, Burhan Akyuzand Birol Ozturk, Case C-294/06, [2008] ECR I-203149–150
R v. Secretary of State for Transport, ex parteFactortame Ltd and Others, Case C-221/89, [1991]ECR I-3905 215–216
Raccanelli, Case C-94/07, [2008] ECR I-5939 151–152Radlberger, Case C-309/02, [2004] ECR I-11763 79Radziejewski (Ulf Kazimierz) v.
Kronofogdemyndigheten i Stockholm, Case C-461/11, [2013] ECR I-00000 181
Rahman see Secretary of State for the HomeDepartment v. Muhammad Sazzadur Rahman andOthers
Ramel, Joined Cases 80/77 and 81/77, [1978] ECR 92744
Rau, Case 261/81, [1981] ECR 3961 68–69Reading Borough Council, Case C-304/90, [1992]
ECR I-6493 60–61Recep Tetik v. Land Berlin, Case C-171/95, [1997]
ECR I-329 28
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Redmond, Case 83/78, [1978] ECR 2347 40–41Reed see Netherlands v. Ann Florence ReedReina, Case 65/81, [1982] ECR 33 176–177, 180Reisch Montage AG v. Kiesel Baumaschinen Handels
GmbH, Case C-103/05, [2006] ECR I-6827 309–310Renneberg (RHH) v. Staatssecretaris van Financiën,
Case C-527/06, [2008] ECR I-7735 187Rewe-Zentral AG v. Bundesmonopolverwaltung für
Branntwein (Cassis de Dijon), Case 120/78, [1979]ECR 649 33, 58–59, 62, 69, 70–71, 299, 303
Reyners (Jean) v. Belgian State, Case 2/74, [1974]ECR 631 196, 210, 211
Ritter-Coulais (Hans-Jürgen) and Monique Ritter-Coulaisv. Finanzamt Germersheim, Case C-152/03, [2006]ECR I-1711 187
Rochdale Borough Council, Case 306/88, [1992]ECR I-6457 60–61
Rottmann, Case C-135/08, [2010] ECR I-1449 98–99,101, 102, 105
Rubino, Case C-586/08, [2009] ECR I-12013 234–235Rüffert (Dirk) v. Land Niedersachsen, Case C-346/06,
[2008] ECR I-1989 268, 269Rüffler (Uwe) v. Dyrektor Izby Skarbowej weWroclawiu
Osrodek Zamiejscowy w Walbrzychu, Case C-544/07,[2009] ECR I-03389 111, 113–114, 138
Ruiz Zambrano, Case C-34/09, [2011] ECR I-1177 98–99,100, 103, 104, 106–107, 122
Runevic-Vardyn (Malgožata) and Lukasz Pawel Wardynv. Vilniaus miesto savivaldybes administracija andOthers, Case C-391/09, [2011] ECR I-3787 140
Rush Portuguesa Ltd v. Office National d’Immigration,Case C-113/89, [1990] ECR I-1417 156, 169, 267, 268
Rutili, Case 36/75, [1975] ECR 1219 116–117, 165
Sacchi (Giuseppe), Case 155/73, [1974] ECR 409 41–42Safir (Jessica) v. Skattemyndigheten i Dalarnas Län,
formerly Skattemyndigheten i Kopparbergs Län,Case C-118/96, [1998] ECR I-1897 246, 247
Säger (Manfred) v. Dennemeyer & Co Ltd, Case C-76/90, [1991] ECR I-4221 32, 253–254, 261
Sagulo, Case 8/77, [1977] ECR 1495 145–146Sandoz GmbH v. Finanzlandesdirektion für Wien,
Niederösterreich und Burgenland, Case C-439/97,[1999] ECR I-7041 296–297
Santander Asset Management SGIIC SA (C-338/11) v.Directeur des Résidents à l’Etranger et des ServicesGénéraux and Santander Asset Management SGIICSA and Others (C-339/11 to C-347/11) v. Ministre duBudget, des Comptes Publics, de la FonctionPublique et de la Réforme de l’Etat, Joined Cases,[2013] ECR I-00000 299–300
Sanz de Lera see Criminal proceedings against LucasEmilio Sanz de Lera, Raimundo Díaz Jiménez andFigen Kapanoglu
Sapod Audic v. Eco-Emballages SA, Case C-159/00,[2002] ECR I-5031 46–47
SAT Fluggesellschaft mbH v. Eurocontrol, Case C-364/92, [1994] ECR I-43 282–283
Saunders, Case 175/78, [1979] ECR 1129 156Savas see R v. Secretary of State for the Home
Department, ex parte Abdulnasir SavasSchempp, Case C-403/03, [2005] ECR I-6421 105, 106,
139, 270Scheunemann (Marianne) v. Finanzamt Bremerhaven,
Case C-31/11, [2013] ECR I-00000 294–296Schindler, Case C-275/92, [1994] ECR I-01039 42,
264–265Schmidberger v. Republic of Austria, Case C-112/00,
[2003] ECR I-5659 33, 46–47, 69Schnitzer (Bruno), Case C-215/01, [2003] ECR I-14847
250–251, 262Scholz, Case C-419/92, [1994] ECR I-505 157, 174Schöning-Kougebetopoulou v. Freie und Hansestadt
Hamburg, Case C-15/96, [1998] ECR I-47 174–175Schröder (Ulrich) v. Finanzamt Hameln, Case C-450/09,
[2011] ECR I-2497 293, 314Schulz-Delzers (Cathy) and Pascal Schulz v. Finanzamt
Stuttgart III, Case C-240/10, [2011] ECR I-8531187–188
Schumacker see Finanzamt Köln-Altstadt v.Schumacker
Schwarz (Herbert) and Marga Gootjes-Schwarz v.Finanzamt Bergisch Gladbach, Case C-76/05, [2007]ECR I-6849 112, 138, 187, 249
Scorpio Konzertproduktionen see FKP ScorpioKonzertproduktionen GmbH v. Finanzamt Hamburg-Eimsbüttel
Seco see Société anonyme de droit français Seco andSociété anonyme de droit français Desquenne & Giralv. Etablissement d’assurance contre la vieillesse etl’invalidité
Secretary of State for the Home Department v.Muhammad Sazzadur Rahman and Others, CaseC-83/11, [2013] ECR I-00000 126
Secretary of State for Work and Pensions v. Lucja Czop(C-147/11) and Margita Punakova (C-148/11), JoinedCases, [2013] ECR I-00000 171
Semeraro Casa Uno Srl v. Sindaco del Comune diErbusco (C-418/93), Semeraro Mobili SpA v. Sindacodel Comune di Erbusco (C-419/93), RB ArredamentoSrl v. Sindaco del Comune di Stezzano (C-420/93),Città Convenienza Milano Srl v. Sindaco del Comunedi Trezzano sul Naviglio (C-421/93), CittàConvenienza Bergamo Srl v. Sindaco del Comune diStezzano (C-460/93), Centro Italiano Mobili Srl v.Sindaco del Comune di Pineto (C-461/93), Il 3CCentro Convenienza Casa Srl v. Sindaco del Comunedi Roveredo in Piano (C-462/93), Benelli ConfezioniSNC v. Sindaco del Comune di Capena (C-464/93),M. Quattordici Srl v. Commissario straordinario delComune di Terlizzi (C-9/94), Società ItalianaElettronica Srl (SIEL) v. Sindaco del Comune di Dozza
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(C-10/94), Modaffari Srl v. Sindaco del Comune diTrezzano sul Naviglio (C-11/94), Modaffari Srl v.Comune di Cinisello Balsamo (C-14/94), Cologno Srlv. Sindaco del Comune di Cologno Monzese (C-15/94), Modaffari Srl v. Sindaco del Comune di OsioSopra (C-23/94), M. Dieci Srl v. Sindaco del Comunedi Madignano (C-24/94) and Consorzio CentroCommerciale “Il Porto” v. Sindaco del Comune diAdria (C-332/94), [1996] ECR I-2975 207
SEVIC Systems AG, Case C-411/03, [2005] ECR I-10805229–230, 231
Sevince (S Z) v. Staatssecretaris van Justitie, Case C-192/89, [1990] ECR I-3461 28
SIA Garkalns v. Rigas dome, Case C-470/11, [2013]ECR I-00000 265–266
SIAT see Société d’ investissement pour l’agriculturetropicale SA (SIAT) v. Belgian State
SIDEF, Case C-312/89, [1991] ECR I-997 60–61Simitzi, Joined Cases C-485/93 and C-486/93, [1995]
ECR I-2655 43Simmenthal I, Case 35/76, [1976] ECR 1871 73–74Simmenthal II see Amministrazione delle Finanze dello
Stato v. Simmenthal SpASkandia see Försäkringsaktiebolaget Skandia (publ)
and Ola Ramstedt v. RiksskatteverketSkatteverket v. A and B, Case C-102/05, [2007]
ECR I-3871 294–296Sky Italia Srl v. Autorità per le Garanzie nelle
Comunicazioni, Case C-234/12, [2013] ECR I-00000258
Smith & Nephew, Case C-201/94, [1996] ECR I-581978–79
Smits v. Peerbooms see BSM Geraets-Smits v. StichtingZiekenfonds VGZ and HTM Peerbooms v. StichtingCZ Groep Zorgverzekeringen
Société Anonyme de Droit Français Seco and SociétéAnonyme de Droit Français Desquenne & Giral v.Etablissement d’Assurance Contre la Vieillesse etl’Invalidité, Case 62/81, [1982] ECR I-223 255–256
Société d’Importation Edouard Leclerc-Siplec v. TF1Publicité SA and M6 Publicité SA, Case C-412/93,[1995] ECR I-179 66
Société d’Investissement pour l’Agriculture Tropicale SA(SIAT) v. Belgian State, Case C-318/10, [2013] ECRI-00000 270–271
Société Fiduciaire Nationale d’Expertise Comptable v.Ministre du Budget, des Comptes Publics et de laFonction Publique, Case C-119/09, [2011] ECR I-2551267
Society for the Protection of Unborn Children IrelandLtd v. Stephen Grogan and Others, Case C-159/90,[1991] ECR I-4685 249
Solgar Vitamins France and Others v. Ministre del’Economie, des Finances et de l’Emploi and Others,Case C-446/08, [2010] ECR I-3973 34
Sotgiu, Case 152/73, [1974] ECR 153 162, 167, 180
Soysal (Mehmet) and Ibrahim Savatli v. Germany,Case C-228/06, [2009] ECR I-1031 28–29, 199
Spanish Strawberries see Commission v. France –Spanish Strawberries
Spotti, Case C-272/92, [1993] ECR I-5185175–176
Staatssecretaris van Financiën v. LAC van Putten (C-578/10), P Mook (C-579/10) and G Frank (C-580/10),Joined Cases, [2013] ECR I-00000 293, 297, 298,303–304
Staatssecretaris van Justitie v. F Toprak and I Oguz,Joined Cases C-300/09 and C-301/09, [2013]ECR I-00000 149–150
Staatssecretaris van Justitie v. Tayfun Kahveci (C-7/10)and Osman Inan (C-9/10), Joined Cases, [2013]ECR I- 00000 149–150
Stadt Halle and RPL Recyclingpark Lochau GmbH v.Arbeitsgemeinschaft Thermische Restabfall- undEnergieverwertungsanlage TREA Leuna, Case C-26/03, [2005] ECR I-1 285
Stadtgemeinde Frohnleiten, Case C-221/06, [2007]ECR I-9643 41–42, 89
Stanleybet International Ltd and Others (C-186/11)and Sportingbet plc (C-209/11) v. YpourgosOikonomias kai Oikonomikon and YpourgosPolitismou, Joined Cases, [2013] ECR I-00000265–266
Star Fruit Company, Case 247/87, [1989] ECR 291 44Steinhauser (P) v. City of Biarritz, Case 197/84, [1985]
ECR 1819 217Stewart (Lucy) v. Secretary of State for Work and
Pensions, Case C-503/09, [2011] ECR I-6497112–114
Stichting Collectieve Antennevoorziening Gouda andOthers v. Commissariaat voor de Media, Case C-288/89, [1991] ECR I-4007 246, 247, 256
Stopover Tax see Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri v.Regione Sardegna
Stylianakis (Georgios) v. Elliniko Dimosio, Case C-92/01,[2003] ECR I-1291 250–251
Susisalo (Marja-Liisa), Olli Tuomaala and Merja Ritala,Case C-84/11, [2013] ECR I-00000 213
Svensson (Peter) and Lena Gustavsson v. Ministre duLogement et de l’Urbanisme, Case C-484/93, [1995]ECR I-3955 298
Sydhavnens Sten & Grus, Case C-209/98, [2000]ECR I-3743 84, 85
Tankstation Heukske, Joined Cases C-401/92 and C-402/92, [1994] ECR I-2199 60–61
Tas-Hagen (K) and RA Tas v. Raadskamer WUBO van dePensioen- en Uitkeringsraad, Case C-192/05, [2006]ECR I-10451 95, 109, 112, 135–136
Tatu (Ioan) v. Statul Român Prin Ministerul Finantelor siEconomiei and Others, Case C-402/09, [2011] ECRI-2711 86, 89–90
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Teckal Srl v. Comune di Viano and Azienda Gas-AcquaConsorziale (AGAC) di Reggio Emilia, Case C-107/98,[1999] ECR I-8121 285
Teixeira (Maria) v. London Borough of Lambeth andSecretary of State for the Home Department,Case C-480/08, [2010] ECR I-1107 170–171
Terhoeve, Case C-18/95, [1999] ECR I-345 157,171–172
Test Claimants in the FII Group Litigation v.Commissioners of Inland Revenue and theCommissioners for Her Majesty’sRevenue & Customs, Case C-35/11, [2013]ECR I-00000 296
Thieffry (Jean) v. Conseil de l’ordre des avocats à la courde Paris, Case 71/76, [1977] ECR 765 216–217,234–235
Thompson see R v. Ernest George Thompson, BrianAlbert Johnson and Colin Alex Norman Woodiwiss
Tobacco Advertising I see Federal Republic of Germanyv. European Parliament and Council of the EuropeanUnion
Tobacco Advertising II see Commission v. GermanyToprak see Staatssecretaris van Justitie v. F Toprak and I
OguzTorfaen Borough Council, Case 145/88, [1989] ECR
3851 60–61Trojani, Case C-456/02, [2004] ECR I-7573 135–137, 152,
183Trummer (Manfred) and Peter Mayer, Case C-222/97,
[1999] ECR I-1661 298, 302Tsakouridis see Land Baden-Württemberg v. Panagiotis
TsakouridisTulliasiamies, Case C-101/00, [2002] ECR I-7487 88Turpeinen, Case C-520/04, [2006] ECR I-10685 111,
138–139, 186
Überseering BV v. Nordic Construction CompanyBaumanagement GmbH (NCC), Case C-208/00,[2002] ECR I-9919 211, 225–225, 226, 231
Uecker and Jacquet, Joined Cases C-64/96 and C-65/96,[1997] ECR I-3171 157, 190
Unión de Televisiones Comerciales Asociadas (UTECA)v. Administración General del Estado, Case C-222/07,[2009] ECR I-1407 33
Union Royale Belge des Sociétés de Football AssociationASBL v. Jean-Marc Bosman, Royal Club Liégeois SAv. Jean-Marc Bosman and Others and Union desAssociations Européennes de Football (UEFA) v.Jean-Marc Bosman, Case C-415/93, [1995]ECR I-4921 32, 160, 161–162, 163–164, 171–172,174–175
United Foods, Case 132/80, [1981] ECR 995 58United Pan-Europe Communications Belgium SA and
Others v. Belgian State, Case C-250/06, [2007]ECR I-11135 33, 258
Upjohn, Case C-379/97, [1999] ECR I-6927 78
VALE Epítési kft, Case C-378/10, [2013] ECR I-00000230–231
Valentina Neri v. European School of Economics (ESEInsight World Education System Ltd), Case C-153/02,[2003] ECR I-13555 211
Van Binsbergen (Johannes Henricus Maria) v. Bestuurvan de Bedrijfsvereniging voor de Metaalnijverheid,Case 33/74, [1974] ECR 1299 243, 248, 253
Van de Haar see Criminal proceedings against Jan vande Haar and Kaveka de Meern BV
Van Duyn, Case 41/74, [1974] ECR 1337 148Van Eycke, Case 267/86, [1988] ECR 4769 87–88Van Gend see NV Algemene Transport- en Expeditie
Onderneming van Gend & Loos v. NetherlandsInland Revenue Administration
Van Putten see Staatssecretaris van Financiën v. LACvan Putten
Variola, Case 34/73, [1973] ECR 981 50–51Vatsouras, Joined Cases C-22/08 and C-23/08, [2009]
ECR I-4585 153–154, 155–156, 181, 183VBV – Vorsorgekasse AG v.
Finanzmarktaufsichtsbehörde (FMA), Case C-39/11,[2013] ECR I-00000 310
Vereniging Veronica Omroep Organisatie v.Commissariaat voor de Media, Case C-148/91, [1993]ECR I-487 302
Veronsaajien oikeudenvalvontayksikkö v. A Oy,Case C-48/11, [2013] ECR I-00000 303
Viking see International Transport Workers’ Federationand the Finnish Seamen’s Union
Vlassopoulou v. Ministerium für Justiz, Bundes- u.Europaangelegenheiten Baden-Württemberg, CaseC-340/89, [1991] ECR I-2357 234–235
Volkswagen see Commission v. Germany (Volkswagen)Vriend, Case 94/79, [1980] ECR 327 84
Wählergruppe “Gemeinsam Zajedno/BirlikteAlternative und Grüne GewerkschafterInnen/UG”,and Bundesminister für Wirtschaft und Arbeit andOthers, Case C-171/01, [2003] ECR I-4301 28
Walrave and Koch, Case 36/74, [1974] ECR 1405 22,159–160, 244
Waypoint Aviation SA v. Belgian State-SPF Finances,Case C-9/11, [2011] ECR I-9697 270
Webb see Criminal proceedings against Alfred JohnWebb
Weigel, Case C-387/01, [2004] ECR I-4981 42Wirth (Stephan Max) v. Landeshauptstadt Hannover,
Case C-109/92, [1993] ECR I-6447 249Wolzenburg, Case C-123/08, [2009] ECR I-9621 126Woningstichting Sint Servatius see Minister voor
Wonen, Wijken en Integratie v. Woningstichting SintServatius
Wouters and Others v. Algemene Raad van deNederlandse Orde van Advocaten, Case C-309/99,[2002] ECR 1-1577 22, 204, 294–296, 307
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Württembergische Milchverwertung-Südmilch AG v.Salvatore Ugliola, Case 15/69, [1969] ECR 363 174
Ymeraga (Kreshnik) and Others v. Ministre du Travail,de l’Emploi et de l’Immigration, Case C-87/12, [2013]ECR I-00000 107
Zambrano see Ruiz ZambranoZanotti (Emiliano) v. Agenzia delle Entrate, Case C-56/
09, [2010] ECR I-4517 138
Zentralbetriebsrat der Landeskrankenhäuser Tirols v.Land Tirol, Case C-339/05, [2006] ECR I-7097 25
Zeturf Ltd v. Premier ministre, Case C-212/08, [2011]ECR I-5633 265–266
Zhu and Chen, Case C-200/02, [2004] ECR I-9925 105,106, 124, 125
Ziebell v. Land Baden-Württemberg, Case C-371/08,[2011] ECR I-00000 149–150
ZZ v. Secretary of State for the Home Department, CaseC-300/11, [2013] ECR I-00000 118–119
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Table of legislation
International instrumentsConvention on Certain Questions Relating to the
Conflict of Nationality Laws (Hague Convention),The Hague, April 12, 1930 101
Arts. 1–2 101Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness, New
York, August 30, 1961 101General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) 1994
3–5, 36, 246Art. XI 54
General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) 1995241, 246
Art. I(2) 246Art. II 246Art. XVI 246Art. XVII 246
European regional instrumentsEuropean Convention on Nationality, Strasbourg,
November 6, 1997 101
EU external agreementsAgreement creating an association between the
European Economic Community and Turkey of 12September 1963 (Ankara Agreement) [1964] OJL217/3687 23, 27, 149–150
Art. 4 28Art. 9 27Arts. 12–14 27, 28Art. 12 149–150Arts. 13–14 199
Additional Protocol to the Agreement establishing anAssociation between the European EconomicCommunity and Turkey, of 23 November 1970,[1972] OJ L293/3 27
Art. 37 149–150Art. 41(1) 28–29, 199Art. 41(2) 199
Agreement between the European EconomicCommunity and the Swiss Confederation [1972]OJ L300/189 25
Agreement on the European Economic Area (EEAAgreement) 1992 [1994] OJ L1/3 23–24
Art. 28 149
Art. 31 198Art. 34 199–200Art. 40 303
Agreement between the European Community and itsMember States, of the one part, and the SwissConfederation, of the other, on the free movementof persons [2002] OJ L114/6 25–26, 182
Arts. 1–2 25Art. 4 198, 199–200Art. 5(1) 25–26Art. 18 243–244Annex I, Art. 18 25–26, 243–244
Agreement between the European Community and itsMember States, of the one part, and the SwissConfederation, of the other, on the freemovement of persons – Final Act – JointDeclarations – Information relating to the entryinto force of the seven Agreements with the SwissConfederation in the sectors free movement ofpersons, air and land transport, publicprocurement, scientific and technologicalcooperation, mutual recognition in relation toconformity assessment, and trade in agriculturalproducts [2002] OJ L114/6 149
Agreement on scientific and technological cooperationbetween the European Community and theEuropean Atomic Energy Community, of the onepart, and the Swiss Confederation, of the otherpart [2007] OJ L189/26 25
Agreement between the European Community and theSwiss Confederation concerning the criteria andmechanisms for establishing the State responsiblefor examining a request for asylum lodged in aMember State or in Switzerland [2008] OJ L53/5 25
Agreement between the European Union, theEuropean Community and the SwissConfederation on the Swiss Confederation’sassociation with the implementation, applicationand development of the Schengen acquis [2008]OJ L53/52 24
EU treatiesTreaty of Paris (ECSC Treaty) 1951 4
Art. 69 145–146
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Treaty of Rome (EEC Treaty) 1957 3–5, 7, 8–9, 14–15,36, 47, 50, 54, 141, 149–150, 196
Art. 7 97–98Art. 8 47Art. 8(1) 5Art. 12 40, 49Art. 13 49Art. 30 63, 73–74Art. 33(7) 55–56Art. 34 73–74Arts. 48–51 152–153Art. 48 148Art. 48(1) 145–146Art. 48(4) 167Art. 52 207Art. 54 197–198Art. 57 197–198, 211, 233–235Art. 67 288–289Art. 67(1) 288–289Art. 68(1) 288–289Art. 100a 10Art. 106 288–289, 292
Treaty of Brussels (Merger Treaty) 1965 4Treaty Amending Certain Budgetary Provisions
1970 4Treaty Amending Certain Financial Provisions 1975 4Single European Act (SEA) 1986 3, 4, 8–10, 14–15Treaty on European Union (TEU) (Treaty of Maastricht)
1992 3, 4, 8–9, 10, 93, 94, 288–289Art. 1(2) 1–2Art. 11(4) 143Art. 55(1) 143–144
Treaty of Amsterdam 1997 4, 10, 49Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union
(CFREU) 2000 4, 10, 102, 143–144Art. 20 107Art. 21 107Art. 24 107Art. 33 107Arts. 34–36 282Art. 42 143–144Art. 46 143Art. 51(1) 107Protocol 26, Arts. 1–2 282
Treaty of Nice 2001 4, 10Treaty of Lisbon 2007 4, 10, 143Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union
(TFEU) 2009 19, 24, 27, 36, 107, 139Part Two 96–97, 140, 143–144Part Four 142Title II 86Title VII 86Arts. 1–6 11, 12–13Art. 2(1) 13Art. 2(2) 13Art. 2(5) 13–14
Art. 3 14Art. 3(3) 1–2Art. 4 14Art. 5(2) 13–14Arts. 7–17 11, 13Art. 7 115–116Art. 8 13Art. 9 13Art. 11 13Art. 12 13Art. 14 282Art. 15 102Art. 15(3) 143–144Art. 17(1) 16Art. 17(2) 16Arts. 18–25 3, 11Art. 18 27, 96–98, 99–100, 103, 104,
110, 111, 131, 132–133, 135, 136–137, 138–139,140, 286
Art. 18(1) 109Art. 19 96–97, 141Art. 20 96–97, 98–99, 100, 104, 106–107, 109–110,
111, 138, 140Art. 20(1) 98–99, 101Art. 20(2)(b) 142Art. 20(2)(c) 143Art. 21 20, 96–97, 98–100, 103, 104, 105, 109–110,
111, 112–114, 121, 132–133, 135, 136–137,138–139, 140
Art. 21(1) 99Art. 21(2) 15Arts. 22–25 96–97Art. 22 97, 142Art. 22(2) 142Art. 23 97, 143Art. 24 97, 143–144Art. 24(1) 143Art. 25 97Arts. 26–37 11Art. 26(1) 1Art. 26(2) 1Art. 27 115–117, 118Art. 27(1) 118Art. 27(2) 117Arts. 28–30 66Arts. 28–32 40Arts. 28–37 3, 11Art. 28(2) 41, 42, 51Art. 29 42, 51Art. 30 20, 40–41, 43–44, 49, 60–61, 64–65,
86, 87Art. 30(1) 118–119Art. 31 51Art. 33 15Arts. 34–35 40–41Arts. 34–36 40, 41–42, 43–44
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Treaty on the Functioning (cont.)Art. 34 11, 20, 22, 32, 41–42, 45, 54, 55–56, 58, 59,60–61, 62–63, 66, 67, 72–73, 82–83, 84, 86, 207,254, 273–274, 293, 297
Art. 35 21, 67, 73–74, 82–83, 84, 85, 86Art. 36 32–33, 45, 55–56, 64–65, 69, 70, 73–74,76–77
Art. 37 40Arts. 38–44 11Art. 38(2) 11, 12–13Arts. 39–44 12–13Arts. 45–48 3, 152–153Arts. 45–66 11Art. 45 20, 22, 42, 99–100, 147, 148, 149, 151, 152,153, 154, 155, 156–164, 168, 169–170, 172,174–175, 176, 181, 183–187, 190, 191, 200, 217,297, 313
Art. 45(2) 153–154, 161–162, 173Art. 45(3) 161–162, 165Art. 45(4) 32–33, 165–168, 210Arts. 46–48 147Art. 46 15, 147, 191, 234Art. 47 147Art. 48 15, 147, 191Arts. 49–55 3, 196Art. 49 20, 22, 99–100, 197–198, 200–201, 208, 212,214, 215–217, 219–220, 222–224, 225, 226–227,229, 230–231, 232–233, 234–235, 275–276, 286,294–296, 297, 307–308, 313
Art. 49(1) 196Art. 49(2) 220Arts. 50–52 15Art. 50 197–198Art. 50(2)(g) 238–239Art. 51 32–33, 197, 198, 208, 210, 243, 257Art. 52 197, 198, 208, 243, 257Art. 52(1) 209Art. 53 12–13, 15, 197–198, 211, 233, 234,243, 275
Art. 54 22, 196, 197, 198, 201, 219–220, 222–224,225, 226–227, 229, 230–231, 243
Art. 54(1) 199–200Art. 54(2) 199–200Art. 55 198Art. 56 20, 22, 99–100, 203, 204, 217, 232–233,243, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249–252, 253–256, 258,260–263, 264–265, 266, 270, 273, 274, 275–276,286, 297
Arts. 56–62 3Art. 56(1) 241Art. 56(2) 243–244Art. 57 242, 243, 245, 248–251, 253Art. 58 243Art. 58(1) 243Art. 59 15, 242, 243, 275Art. 60 243
Art. 61 243Art. 62 234, 242, 243, 257, 275Arts. 63–66 3Art. 63 20, 22, 24, 42, 200, 288, 292, 293, 294–297,
298, 299–300, 302, 304–305, 307–308, 309–310,311–312, 313–315
Art. 63(1) 306–307Arts. 64–66 291Art. 64 292Art. 64(1) 292, 301Art. 64(2) 292, 316Art. 64(3) 316Art. 65 292Art. 65(1) 270–271Art. 65(1)(a) 292, 299–300, 301, 314–315Art. 65(1)(b)(item 1) 298Art. 65(1)(b)(item 2) 299Art. 65(1)(b)(item 3) 299Art. 65(3) 299–300Art. 65(4) 316Art. 66 292, 316Arts. 67–89 11Art. 83(1) 128–129Arts. 90–100 11Art. 93 11Arts. 101–109 11Art. 101 46–47Art. 106(2) 281, 282, 284Art. 107 283, 284Arts. 110–113 11Art. 110 11, 20, 40–41, 43–44, 86–87, 89–90Art. 110(1) 87–88, 90Art. 110(2) 87–88, 90Art. 113 87Arts. 114–118 11Art. 114 10, 12–13, 14–16, 81–82, 191, 233,
234, 275Art. 114(2) 16, 87, 191Art. 115 12–13, 14–15, 16, 87, 191,
233, 275Arts. 145–197 12Art. 157 141Art. 165 191Art. 166 97–98, 131, 191Art. 197 13Arts. 198–204 12, 142Arts. 205–222 12, 12–13Art. 207 51Art. 217 51Arts. 223–309 12, 13Art. 227 102, 143–144Art. 228 102, 143–144Art. 258 16–17, 44, 165–166Art. 259 16–17Art. 267 16–17Art. 288 40
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