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Evaluated Surface Drainage Problems with Data
Charles Ellis
Kent Shannon
Ag Engineering Extension Specialists
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Yield Map Interpretation
• Man Made Variables– Variety– Planting date– Tillage– Compaction
• Natural Variability– Soil fertility– Soil type– Drainage
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Data Sources
• Yield Data
• Aerial Photos
• EC Data
• Soils
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Man Made Variables
• Varieties• Tillage• Planting Date• Compaction• Chemical
Applications• Fertilizer
Applications
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Man Made Variables
• Varieties• Tillage• Planting Date• Compaction• Chemical
Applications• Fertilizer
Applications
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Natural Variables
Soils
Drainage
Soils
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Man Made Variables
Fertility
Field History
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Aerial Photos
Man made variables– Compaction– Drainage
Natural Variability
Drainage
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Aerial Photos
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Image• Obtain Aerial Photos• Terraserver• FSA• www.cares.missouri.edu• Show history of field
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Soil EC Readings
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Surface Drainage
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Surface Drainage Affects
• Tillage• Planting Date• Seeding Depth• Emergence• Leaching• Harvesting
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97 beans
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99 Beans
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2003 Beans
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Multiple Years of Yield Data
Combining Multiply Years UsingMapCalcExcel
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3 yr average bean yield
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Combine Elevation
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Elevation RTK
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Combine and RTK Elevation
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Yield and Topography
Pond
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Possible Solutions
• Drain Pond• Remove Berm
Around Pond• Drain Field After
Pond Removal• Tillage to help
drainage
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2004 corn
Yield variability has diminished.What are the causes?
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Bu/A
1997 Corn Grain Yield - ASEQ Field 1; Centralia, MO
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Ranking of Yield Variability and Ease of Remedy
Adapted from Larry Lotz, “Yield Monitors and Maps: Making Decisions”, Ohio State Univ.
Cause of Yield VariationLeastlikely
MostlikelyEase o
f R
em
ed
yEasy
Diffi
cu
lt
Mechanical/Equipment Problems
Nitrogen(corn)
TrafficProblems
Hybrid Variety
Field BorderCharacteristics
Organic matter
Disease
Planter color
Seed Depth
Tillage
P & K
CompactionDrainage
Past history
WeatherSoil type
InsectsWeeds
Plant date
pH
Population
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Bu/A
Topsoil variation
Low soil P and K
End-row compaction
Soil pH
Historically managed less intensively
Treeline and endrow compaction
Greater weed pressure
Nearly flat, ponding
1997 Corn Grain Yield - ASEQ Field 1; Centralia, MO
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RTK GPSElevation Map 1997 Corn Yield Map
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Multiple Years of Point Yield Maps
1998 Beans 1999 Corn
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Multiple Years of Point Yield Maps
2000 Beans 2001 Corn
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Using Delineation of Point Yield Data
113.1
32.5
44.3
23.0
62.2
114.0
31.5
41.737.8
96.5
0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
120.0
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Year
Yie
ld i
n b
u/a
cre
Average Yield - Wet Spot
Average Yield - Rest of the Field
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RTK GPSElevation Map
1997 Corn Yield Map
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Multiple Years of Interpolated Yield Maps
1998 Beans 1999 Corn
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Multiple Years of Interpolated Yield Maps
2000 Beans 2001 Corn
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Using Delineation of Interpolated (Gridded) Yield Data
114.9
32.3
45.0
34.4
88.2
113.1
31.2
41.237.8
96.2
0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
120.0
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Year
Yie
ld i
n b
u/a
cre
Average Yield - Wet Spot
Average Yield - Rest of the Field
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Using MapCalc Software to Better Visualize Elevation Difference with Yield Data
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Equipment Used for RTK GPS Data
Collection
Use a PocketPCcomputer running
GPS data collectionsoftware
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RTK Base Station
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Possible Solution with a PTO-Ditchers
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