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Evaluating Risk of Heritage LNAPL Bodies
International Petroleum Environmental Conference
10/14/14
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Evaluating Risk
Source ITRC after Huntley and Beckett 2002
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What is a Heritage LNAPL Body
• One or many of the following:
– Significantly aged LNAPL body
– Inherited LNAPL site with no prior remediation
– Prior remediation but no source reduction data
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What is a Heritage LNAPL Body
• One or many of the following:
– Significantly aged LNAPL body
– Inherited LNAPL site with no prior remediation
– Prior remediation but no source reduction data
![Page 5: Evaluating Risk of Heritage LNAPL Bodies - · PDF fileEvaluating Risk of Heritage LNAPL Bodies ... 571 575 579 583 587 ... Sn API RP 40 Water Table Screen Length Fine to Medium (SW)](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042801/5ab0f0f97f8b9ad9788ba804/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Remediation History ‒ 3 Vacuum Wellpoint Systems ‒ No LNAPL Recovery Data ‒ Total Flow, but Not from Individual Pumping
Wells
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Evaluating Risk
• Vapor Pathway
• Direct Contact Pathway
• LNAPL Migration Pathway
• Dissolved Phase Pathway
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Evaluating Risk
• Vapor Pathway
• Direct Contact Pathway
• LNAPL Migration Pathway
• Dissolved Phase Pathway
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Vapor Pathway Page 1 of 1 (1)
Stieglitz Park ITF, Whiting Refinery
Sample ID : 145A
Acquired : May 30, 2012 13:43:24
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Torkelson Geochemistry, Inc.
Weathered diesel range fuel, small concentrations of finished gasoline product
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Evaluating Risk
• Vapor Pathway
• Direct Contact Pathway
• LNAPL Migration Pathway
• Dissolved Phase Pathway
![Page 10: Evaluating Risk of Heritage LNAPL Bodies - · PDF fileEvaluating Risk of Heritage LNAPL Bodies ... 571 575 579 583 587 ... Sn API RP 40 Water Table Screen Length Fine to Medium (SW)](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042801/5ab0f0f97f8b9ad9788ba804/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Evaluating Risk
• Vapor Pathway
• Direct Contact Pathway
• LNAPL Migration Pathway
• Dissolved Phase Pathway
![Page 11: Evaluating Risk of Heritage LNAPL Bodies - · PDF fileEvaluating Risk of Heritage LNAPL Bodies ... 571 575 579 583 587 ... Sn API RP 40 Water Table Screen Length Fine to Medium (SW)](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042801/5ab0f0f97f8b9ad9788ba804/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Direct Contact Pathway
567
571
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579
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Evaluating Risk
• Vapor Pathway
• Direct Contact Pathway
• LNAPL Migration Pathway
• Dissolved Phase Pathway
![Page 13: Evaluating Risk of Heritage LNAPL Bodies - · PDF fileEvaluating Risk of Heritage LNAPL Bodies ... 571 575 579 583 587 ... Sn API RP 40 Water Table Screen Length Fine to Medium (SW)](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042801/5ab0f0f97f8b9ad9788ba804/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Evaluating Risk
• Vapor Pathway
• Direct Contact Pathway
• LNAPL Migration Pathway
• Dissolved Phase Pathway
![Page 14: Evaluating Risk of Heritage LNAPL Bodies - · PDF fileEvaluating Risk of Heritage LNAPL Bodies ... 571 575 579 583 587 ... Sn API RP 40 Water Table Screen Length Fine to Medium (SW)](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042801/5ab0f0f97f8b9ad9788ba804/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
LNAPL Migration Pathway
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• New Monitoring Wells • Geologic Classification and TPH Grab Sampling • Undisturbed Cores and Discrete Interval TPH
Subsampling
LNAPL Migration Pathway
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0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25D
ep
th
LNAPL Saturation
Water Table
LNAPL Migration Pathway
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0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25D
ep
th
LNAPL Saturation
Water Table
Fine to Medium(SW)
Poorly GradedSand, fine tomedium (SP)
Well GradedSand withGravel, mediumto coarse (SW)
Well GradedSand, fine tomedium, tracegravel (SW)
LNAPL Migration Pathway
![Page 18: Evaluating Risk of Heritage LNAPL Bodies - · PDF fileEvaluating Risk of Heritage LNAPL Bodies ... 571 575 579 583 587 ... Sn API RP 40 Water Table Screen Length Fine to Medium (SW)](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042801/5ab0f0f97f8b9ad9788ba804/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25D
ep
th
LNAPL Saturation
Sn Grab
Water Table
Fine to Medium(SW)
Poorly GradedSand, fine tomedium (SP)
Well GradedSand withGravel, mediumto coarse (SW)
Well GradedSand, fine tomedium, tracegravel (SW)
LNAPL Migration Pathway
![Page 19: Evaluating Risk of Heritage LNAPL Bodies - · PDF fileEvaluating Risk of Heritage LNAPL Bodies ... 571 575 579 583 587 ... Sn API RP 40 Water Table Screen Length Fine to Medium (SW)](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042801/5ab0f0f97f8b9ad9788ba804/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25D
ep
th
LNAPL Saturation Sn Grab
Water Table
Screen Length
Fine to Medium(SW)
Poorly GradedSand, fine tomedium (SP)
Well GradedSand withGravel, mediumto coarse (SW)
Well GradedSand, fine tomedium, tracegravel (SW)
LNAPL Migration Pathway
![Page 20: Evaluating Risk of Heritage LNAPL Bodies - · PDF fileEvaluating Risk of Heritage LNAPL Bodies ... 571 575 579 583 587 ... Sn API RP 40 Water Table Screen Length Fine to Medium (SW)](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042801/5ab0f0f97f8b9ad9788ba804/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
PFS PFS TPH O/W Pc PFS PFS TPH O/W Pc PFS PFS PFS
• Undisturbed Cores Sampled for Pore Fluid Saturation Data and Capillary Pressure – Saturation Curves
LNAPL Migration Pathway
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0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25D
ep
th
LNAPL Saturation Sn Grab
Sn Core
Water Table
Screen Length
Fine to Medium(SW)
Poorly GradedSand, fine tomedium (SP)
Well Graded Sandwith Gravel,medium to coarse(SW)
Well GradedSand, fine tomedium, tracegravel (SW)
LNAPL Migration Pathway
![Page 22: Evaluating Risk of Heritage LNAPL Bodies - · PDF fileEvaluating Risk of Heritage LNAPL Bodies ... 571 575 579 583 587 ... Sn API RP 40 Water Table Screen Length Fine to Medium (SW)](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042801/5ab0f0f97f8b9ad9788ba804/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25D
ep
th
LNAPL Saturation Sn Grab
Sn Core
Sn API RP 40
Water Table
Screen Length
Fine to Medium(SW)
Poorly GradedSand, fine tomedium (SP)
Well GradedSand withGravel, mediumto coarse (SW)Well GradedSand, fine tomedium, tracegravel (SW)
LNAPL Migration Pathway
![Page 23: Evaluating Risk of Heritage LNAPL Bodies - · PDF fileEvaluating Risk of Heritage LNAPL Bodies ... 571 575 579 583 587 ... Sn API RP 40 Water Table Screen Length Fine to Medium (SW)](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042801/5ab0f0f97f8b9ad9788ba804/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
• Monitoring Wells with Mobile LNAPL • Tn Tests Completed (Manual Skim or Baildown)
LNAPL Migration Pathway
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0
1
2
3
4
5
65.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
11.0
12.0
6/16/14 0:00 6/17/14 0:00 6/18/14 0:00 6/19/14 0:00 6/20/14 0:00 6/21/14 0:00 6/22/14 0:00 6/23/14 0:00
AN
T (f
t)
Dep
th (
ft)
Time (minutes)
Baildown Test
DTW (blue), Water Table (purple), DTP (red), ANT (green)
LNAPL Migration Pathway
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LNAPL Migration Pathway
T=2 ft2/day T=1 ft2/day T=0.5 ft2/day
T=0.25 ft2/day
T=0.125 ft2/day
T=0.0625 ft2/day
T=0.03125 ft2/day
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000
Norm
aliz
ed D
raw
dow
n (
s/s i
nitia
l) (
ft/f
t)
Time (min)
API LNAPL Transmissivity WorkbookCalculation of LNAPL Transmissivity from Baildown Test Data
Mean LNAPL Transmissivity (ft2/d)
0.25
Standard Deviation (ft2/d)
0.08
Coefficient of Variation0.30
STEP 3: CHOOSE WELL CONDITIONS
STEP 1: RESET OUTPUT SUMMARY
STEP 4: LNAPL TRANSMISSIVITY SUMMARY
STEP 2: ENTER DATA & VIEW FIGURES
Unconfined
Confined
Perched
RESET
Output Summary
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0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25D
ep
th
LNAPL Saturation
Sn Grab
Sn Core
Sn API RP 40
Water Table
Residual Sn
Screen Length
Fine to Medium(SW)
Poorly GradedSand, fine tomedium (SP)
Well Graded Sandwith Gravel,medium to coarse(SW)Well Graded Sand,fine to medium,trace gravel (SW)
LNAPL Migration Pathway
![Page 27: Evaluating Risk of Heritage LNAPL Bodies - · PDF fileEvaluating Risk of Heritage LNAPL Bodies ... 571 575 579 583 587 ... Sn API RP 40 Water Table Screen Length Fine to Medium (SW)](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042801/5ab0f0f97f8b9ad9788ba804/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Evaluating Risk
• Vapor Pathway
• Direct Contact Pathway
• LNAPL Migration Pathway
• Dissolved Phase Pathway
![Page 28: Evaluating Risk of Heritage LNAPL Bodies - · PDF fileEvaluating Risk of Heritage LNAPL Bodies ... 571 575 579 583 587 ... Sn API RP 40 Water Table Screen Length Fine to Medium (SW)](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042801/5ab0f0f97f8b9ad9788ba804/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Dissolved Phase Pathway
803A
Chemical Name Screening Level
(µg/L) 9/23/1991 9/23/2013
Benzene 5 5 U 0.50 U
Methylene Chloride 5 5.0 U
1-Methylnaphthalene 9.7 10 U 1.2 U
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 6 28 12 U
Naphthalene 1.4 10 U 1.2 U
804
Chemical Name Screening Level
(µg/L) 10/14/1991 10/3/2013
Benzene 5 1100 0.50 U
Methylene Chloride 5 122 J 5.0 U
1-Methylnaphthalene 9.7 0.95 U
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 6 100 U 9.5 U
Naphthalene 1.4 12 J 0.95 U
806
Chemical Name Screening Level
(µg/L) 9/24/1991 10/30/2013
Benzene 5 7 0.50 U
Methylene Chloride 5 5.0 U
1-Methylnaphthalene 9.7 13 0.96 U
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 6 13 B 9.6 U
Naphthalene 1.4 14 0.96 U
809
Chemical Name Screening Level
(µg/L) 9/26/2013
Benzene 5 0.24 J
Methylene Chloride 5 5.0 U
1-Methylnaphthalene 9.7 5.0 U
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 6 50 U
Naphthalene 1.4 5.0 U
![Page 29: Evaluating Risk of Heritage LNAPL Bodies - · PDF fileEvaluating Risk of Heritage LNAPL Bodies ... 571 575 579 583 587 ... Sn API RP 40 Water Table Screen Length Fine to Medium (SW)](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042801/5ab0f0f97f8b9ad9788ba804/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
• Dissolved phase sampling: September and October 2014
Dissolved Phase Pathway
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• Full Dissolved Phase Plume Analysis: 2013/2014
Dissolved Phase Pathway
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Next Steps
• Evaluate recent dissolved phase data
• Modeling dissolved phase contaminant transport without system pumping
• Evaluate natural attenuation using CO2 flux study, temperature profile study and evaluation of bioavailable electron acceptors
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Preliminary Conclusions
• Vapor risk minimal
• Direct contact risk must be addressed by future remedy at isolated areas of high water table
• LNAPL mobility testing showed localized areas of potentially recoverable volumes but minimal risk reduction by LNAPL recovery
• Dissolved phase data suggests low risk but data gaps must be filled
![Page 33: Evaluating Risk of Heritage LNAPL Bodies - · PDF fileEvaluating Risk of Heritage LNAPL Bodies ... 571 575 579 583 587 ... Sn API RP 40 Water Table Screen Length Fine to Medium (SW)](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042801/5ab0f0f97f8b9ad9788ba804/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Evaluating Risk
Source ITRC after Huntley and Beckett 2002
Unknown
Approaching Residual
Low Risk