Evaluation of Crash Types Associated with Test
Protocols
Evaluation of Crash Types Evaluation of Crash Types Associated with Test Associated with Test
ProtocolsProtocols
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Test ProtocolsTest Protocols
• Offset Deformable Barrier (ODBODB)
• Moving Deformable Barrier (MDBMDB)
• Fixed Rigid Barrier (FRBFRB)
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
NASS VariablesNASS Variables
• Object contacted• GAD of other vehicles• Specific horizontal location (SHLSHL)• Direct damage width• Heading angles• GAD of the other vehicle in combination
with heading angles
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Offset Deformable BarrierOffset Deformable BarrierOffset Deformable Barrier______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Moving Deformable BarrierMoving Deformable BarrierMoving Deformable Barrier______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Fixed Rigid BarrierFixed Rigid BarrierFixed Rigid Barrier______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
ODB Type CrashODB Type CrashHyundai Hyundai ElantraElantra, Offset Frontal With , Offset Frontal With
CorollaCorolla
MDB Type Crash MDB Type Crash Toyota Avalon, Oblique With Chevrolet Toyota Avalon, Oblique With Chevrolet
SuburbanSuburban
MDB Type CrashMDB Type CrashChevrolet Suburban, Oblique With AvalonChevrolet Suburban, Oblique With Avalon
MDB Type Crash MDB Type Crash Buick Century, Oblique With Explorer Buick Century, Oblique With Explorer
PartnerPartner
FRB Type CrashFRB Type CrashVW Jetta Full Frontal, With S10 PartnerVW Jetta Full Frontal, With S10 Partner
FRB Type CrashFRB Type CrashChevrolet SChevrolet S--10 Pickup, Full Frontal With 10 Pickup, Full Frontal With
Jetta PartnerJetta Partner
ODB & MDB ODB & MDB Chevrolet Malibu And Ford Taurus, Right Chevrolet Malibu And Ford Taurus, Right
OffsetOffset
Frontal Crashes Represented by Crash Type Frontal Crashes Represented by Crash Type NASS 1995NASS 1995--20012001
(Accident exposure by crash type and air bag availability)(Accident exposure by crash type and air bag availability)______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2 . 5 6 3 8 1 6
0 . 5 0 8 6 1 9
1 . 1 9 6 0 4 4
0 . 6 8 7 4 2 5
1 . 3 3 4 7 1 1
1 . 2 2 9 1 0 5 1 . 2 4 4 4 5 9
0 . 6 6 3 0 0 80 . 5 8 1 4 5 1
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
Airbag Non Airbag TotalNum
ber
of C
rash
es (M
illio
ns)
O DB MDB FRB
MAIS 2MAIS 2--6 Driver Injuries by Crash Type 6 Driver Injuries by Crash Type NASS 1995NASS 1995--20012001
Num
ber
of I
njur
ies
( Tho
usan
ds)
_______________________________________________________(Injury distribution by crash type and air bag availability)(Injury distribution by crash type and air bag availability)_______________________________________________________
4 0 . 6 9 5
8 1 . 0 5 91 2 1 . 7 5 4
1 9 6 . 9 9 7
1 1 1 . 6 8 1
3 0 8 . 6 7 8
4 5 . 1 0 6
1 1 8 . 0 1 57 2 . 9 0 9
0
50
10 0
150
2 0 0
2 5 0
3 0 0
3 5 0
Airbag N o n A i rb a g To t a l
O D B M D B F R B
AIS 2AIS 2--6 Driver Injuries by Body Region in Airbag Vehicles 6 Driver Injuries by Body Region in Airbag Vehicles NASS 1995NASS 1995--20012001
(Distribution of driver injuries by body region for air bag(Distribution of driver injuries by body region for air bag--equipped vehicles)equipped vehicles)______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Num
ber
of I
njur
ies
(Tho
usan
ds)
1 9 .7 1 61 2 . 2 9 4
1 3 .7 21 1 .3 2 2
6 8 .7 3 4
3 1 .6 3 82 2 .9 2 9
3 8 .2 5 84 .7 4 7 3 4 .4 1 7
5 .6 4 1
1 1 .7 8 8
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 0
He a d T h o r a x U p p E x t . Lo w e r
Ex t .
Num
ber
of In
juri
es O D B M D B F R B
ConclusionConclusion______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
MDB Type CrashMDB Type Crash
ØMost frequent frontal crash
ØPredominant cause of overall injuries and injuries to thelower extremities
Ø Intrusion rather than inertial loading is the predominantcause of injuries to the lower extremities
Conclusion (Cont’d)Conclusion (Cont’d)______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
ODB & FRB Type CrashODB & FRB Type Crash
Ø Inertial loading is the predominant injury mechanismfor the lower extremities in ODB and FRB typecrashes
Ø There are nearly 2 times more lower leg injuries inFRB type crashes, than in ODB type crashes