Every Bite Counts!Every Bite Counts!
Nutrition Tips forNutrition Tips for
Breast and Ovarian Breast and Ovarian CancerCancer
Presented byRonnie Fortunato, MS, RDNJamie Lopez, MS, RDN
Role of nutritionPower of plants – plant-based dietSuperfoods to prioritizeHealthy FatsBone Health
OutlineOutline
Diet is important during periods of intense treatment, but also during recovery
Lifestyle and eating choices can help the body’s repair process
Today’s focus is on Nutritional needs Promotion of overall health Well-being and prevention of tumor
re-growth
Role of NutritionRole of Nutrition
Plants have a variety of cancer fighting properties: Antioxidants – vitamins and minerals Phytochemicals
Plant Based DietPlant Based Diet
Research shows a diet high in plant
based foods reduces the risk of
cancer
Plant based diets are high in fiber which may reduce: Estrogen levels Insulin and insulin-like growth factors
Plant based diets are high in anti-oxidants and phytochemicals which: Protect cells by inhibiting cancer cell
growth
Plant Based DietPlant Based Diet
Definition: “Plant Chemicals” that work in combination with vitamins and minerals to prevent, stop, reduce disease
Greatest benefit: eating whole foods Whole foods: foods that are minimally and
simply processed Retain more nutrients to promote health
compared to processed foods or supplements
PhytochemicalsPhytochemicals
Phytochemicals are often found in pigments (or color) of fruits and vegetables
For example:
ResveratrolResveratrol LycopeneLycopene
Eat Eat CCoolloorrffuull Foods! Foods!
CarotenoidsCarotenoids
More examples….
CyanidinCyanidin AllicinAllicin
Eat Eat CCoolloorrffuull Foods! Foods!
ApigeninApigenin
SuperfoodsSuperfoods
Superfoods Nutrient-rich Beneficial for health and well-being Include vegetables, fruits, whole
grains, legumes, nuts, and seeds
Cruciferous VegetablesCruciferous Vegetables
Cruciferous vegetables - kale, broccoli, cabbage, and Brussels sprouts
Contain phytochemicals - may help fight cancer by: Detoxifying carcinogens Stopping growth of tumor cells Changing the activity of estrogen
Incorporate to your diet on a regular basis
Flax SeedsFlax Seeds Flaxseed - may stop tumors from forming
and growing Grind seeds to get all benefits Purchase already ground, or grind
yourself in a spice grinder Once ground, sprinkle onto foods like
yogurt or oatmeal Store whole or ground seeds in the
refrigerator or freezer for up to six months
Research found that soy products high in soy isoflavones do not cause breast cancer
In post-menopausal women it may reduce risk but more research is needed…..
Good soy products are: Edamame, tofu, tempeh, miso soup Whole vs. Processed (“soy protein
isolates”)
Truth on SoyTruth on Soy
Fat – an important source of energy for the body
All fats are not the same!
Which fats are most healthful?
Dietary FatsDietary Fats
EmphasizeHealthy fats
MinimizeUnhealthy fats
Monounsaturated Monounsaturated PolyunsaturatedPolyunsaturated
Saturated FatsSaturated FatsTrans-fatsTrans-fats
Monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats can reduce blood cholesterol levels, lowering risk of heart disease
Omega 3 fatty acids – anti inflammatory! Reduce inflammation Benefit immune system May reduce risk of metastatic disease
Healthy FatsHealthy Fats
Monounsaturated Nuts, nut oils and nut butters; olive,
canola, safflower oil; avocado Polyunsaturated
Sunflower, corn, and sesame oils Omega-3s
Fatty fish like salmon, tuna, herring, mackerel and sardines; nuts and seeds (walnuts, flaxseed)
Healthy FatsHealthy Fats
Limit saturated fat and trans-fat
Saturated fat found mainly in animal products
Commercially baked goods contain saturated fat and trans-fat
Less Healthy FatsLess Healthy Fats
Bone HealthBone HealthCancer treatments, in addition to aging and
menopause, can lead to bone loss Increase risk of fractures and loss of independence
5 Tips for Bone Health5 Tips for Bone Health1. Exercise on a regular basis*
Exercise helps to strengthen bones and reduce bone loss.
2. Eat more green vegetables Kale, spinach, broccoli and Brussels
sprouts are high in vitamin K, magnesium and calcium that work together to maintain bone health
5 Tips for Bone Health5 Tips for Bone Health
3. Eat enough protein-rich foods Protein builds, repairs, and replaces body tissue Meat, fish, soy and beans are all excellent sources
of protein Eggs and dairy – high in protein and have the
added benefit of calcium and vitamin D
5 Tips for Bone Health5 Tips for Bone Health
4. Maintain healthy body weight Carrying excess body weight puts extra stress on
your bones If you’re overweight, make healthy weight loss a
priority by exercising and following a balanced diet
5 Tips for Bone Health5 Tips for Bone Health5. Spend time in the sun
Your body makes vitamin D from the sun’s ultra-violet rays
During the summer months, 10-15 minutes of sun exposure at least 3 times a week without sunscreen is adequateGood Food Sources of
Vitamin D:Egg yolk
MushroomsFish
Fortified milk
Physical activity is key to a healthy lifestyle!
Recommend 150 minutes per week 30 min/ 5 days week
Physical ActivityPhysical Activity
TYPES OF EXERCISEAerobic exercise: Walking, running, cycling, dancing, or swimming. Promotes fat loss, proper blood circulation, and strengthens the heart
Resistance exercise: Calisthenics, yoga, resistance bands or weights. Helps to build muscle mass to restore strength and balance.
Stretching: Increases flexibility and prevents injury. Should be done before (as a warm-up) and after exercise (cool down).
The two most important changes that you can make to reduce your risk are:
Eating 5-7 servings of fruits and vegetables
per day
Getting regular physical activity
30 minutes, 5 days per week
Preventing ReoccurrencesPreventing Reoccurrences
Increase physical activityIncrease fruits and vegetablesStick with a plant based diet
Include Omega 3 fatty acids found in fish
Avoid weight gain after treatmentStop smokingReduce alcohol consumption
ConclusionConclusion
Every Bite CountsEvery Bite Counts
To order please contact the Nutrition Services Department at:
Email [email protected] or call 212.294.8103
Questions?Questions?
Word Cancer Research Fund International/American Institute for Cancer Research. Continuous Update Project Report: Diet, Nutrition, Physical Activity and Breas Cancer. 2017.
Shu XO, Zheng Y, Cai H, Gu K, Chen Z, Zheng W, Lu W. Soy food intake and breast cancer survival. JAMA. 2009 Dec 9; 302(22):2437-43.
Tuso P.J. Ismail M.H, Ha B.P., Cartolotto C.B. Nutritional Update for Physicians: Plant-Based Diets. Perm J. 2013 Spring; 17(2): 61-66
Link L.B, Canchola A.J., Bernstein L., Clarke C.A., Stram D.O., Ursin G., Horn-Ross P.L. Dietary patterns and breast cancer risk in the California Teachers Study cohort.
Nahum A., Hirsch K., Danilenko M., Watts CK., Prall O.W., Levy J., Sharoni Y. Lycopene inhibition of cell cycle progression in breast and endometrial cancer cells is associated with reduction in cyclin D levels and retention of p27(Kip1) in the cyclin E-cdk2 complexes. Oncogene. 2001 Jun 7; 20(26):3428-36.
Hu W., Khor T.O., Shu L., Su Z., Fuentes F., Lee J.H., Kong A.N.T. Plants Against Cancer: A Review on Natural Phytochemicals in Preventing and Treating Cancers and Their Druggability. Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 2012 Dec; 12(10): 1281-1305
Khankari N.K., Bradshaw P.T., Steck S.E. Dietary Intake of Fish, Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, and Survival After Breast Cancer: A Population-Based Follow-Up Study on Long Island, New York. Cancer. 2015 Jul 1: 121(13): 2244-2252.
Patterson R.E, Flatt S.W, Newman V.A, Natarajan L, Rock C.L, Thomson C.A, Caan B.J, Parker B.A, Pierce J.P. Marine Fatty Acid Intake Is Associated with Breast Cancer Prognosis. J. Nutr. 2011: 141: 201-206.
Hamer J, Warner E. Lifestyle modifications for patients with breast cancer to improve prognosis and optimize overall health. CMAJ 2017 Feb 21;189:E268-74.
Lahart I.M, Metsios G.S, Nevill A.M, Carmichael A.R. Physical activity, risk of death and recurrence in breast cancer survivors: A systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. Acta Oncologica. 54:5, 635-654.
Lahart I.M, Metsios G.S, Nevill A.M, Carmichael A.R. Diet and Breast Cancer Prognosis: Making Sense of the WHEL and WINS Trials. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2009 Feb; 21(1): 86-91.
ResourcesResources