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March 22-24, 2016 | Nashville, TN | www.worldofasphalt.com
Everything you need to know about Chip Seals and Fog Seals
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Time or traffic
Rehabilitate
Preventive maintenance treatments
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The “right” treatment At the “right” time On the “right” road
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Chip sealFog sealMicro sealSlurry sealCape sealOverlay
Public perception “Fixing good roads” And not “fixing bad roads”
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This is what we’ve always done
so why change now?
A Solution for Every Road
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Protect the underlying pavement
Waterproof the roads surfaceSeal small cracks Improve safety◦By improving skid resistance
Extend service life
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Seals Small Hairline CracksReduces Oxidation of Existing Surface
Low Cost Pavement Preservation
◦Seal Large Cracks◦Change Ride Characteristics◦Long Term Repair of Major Structural Problem◦Add structural strength to existing road or base◦Glue raveled road back together
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Surface preparationEquipment Application techniquesTraffic control
Structurally soundRepaired, patched, allowed to cure
Clean, no loose fragmentsRelatively dryProper drainage
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Severely fatigued pavement needs rehabilitation, not a chip seal
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Understand Existing Traffic CountCurrent Traffic Count
Future Traffic Load
Material Locally AvailableMaterials currently in place
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Proper base - structurally soundClean - no loose fragments Proper profile with good drainage Relatively dry Primed
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Remember that chipseal is a “seal” designed to seal the existing surface from water and to add a wear surface and skid resistance.
Water damage is the #1 cause of failures of chipseals
Keep the water out!!!!
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Importance of DrainageWater standing near shoulderCulverts openRoad lower than surrounding area
Crown in Road
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Coat and bond loose particles on the base
Holds needed moisture in baseHelps waterproof the base Provide adhesion between the base and the chip seal
AEP - Asphalt Emulsified PrimeMC-30, MC-70 Rate = .10-.30 gallons per square yard depending upon surface conditions
Cure time 24-48 hours or longer Reduce traffic as much as possible
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Shape baseCompact base Prime coat Prime cure Single chipDouble chip Fog seal
Shape shoulders and ditches Repair failures Crack fill Single chipDouble chip Fog seal
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A chip seal won’t fix drainage problems
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Hot Mix Cold Lay: Should Cure – 60 days
Hot Mix Hot Lay: Should Cure 2 week
Remove All Loose Material – Sweep
Sterilize And Remove Vegetation
Binder: hot asphalt, cutback, emulsion◦ Adhesive◦ Sealing◦Waterproof Membrane
Aggregate:◦Durable Wearing Surface◦ Surface Texture
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Emulsions Cutback Asphalt cement Polymer modified emulsion
Develop strength quickly Strong bonding to both aggregate &existing surface
Adequate wetting & embedment of aggregate
Avoid bleeding & shelling Low temperature susceptibility Durability of polymers
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Proper Temperature of oil
Proper Amount Per Sq. Yard
Don’t cheat on the binder to save money…it will cost you later
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Slow set emulsion = typically ~2/3 asphalt + 1/3 water
Residual asphalt is critical: It is the amount of actual tack coat that remains on the pavement after water or solvents have evaporated
Anionic (negative charged)Cationic (positive charged)
Rapid set Slow set
Polymer modified
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CRS-2, CRS-2S, CRS-2P Used for seal coats, (Chip Seals, Armor Coats)
The emulsion should start breaking as it is applied to the road
Mechanism of break: mostly chemical,partially evaporation
The emulsion is formulated with a minimum of emulsifier, so that it will break quickly after being sprayed.
If the emulsion doesn’t break quickly enough, the chips won’t stick.
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SS-1, CSS-1A variety of uses: soil stabilization, fog seals, tack coats
Mechanism of breaking is purely water evaporation
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Binder Shot RatesAggregate Rates
Aggregate size Aggregate porosity Aggregate voids Old surface condition◦Dry? flushed?
Traffic Weather!
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Rates always depend on surface conditions
3/8 chips = .30 - .40 shot rate 5/8 chips = .35 - .45 shot rate 3/4 chips = .45 - .5O shot rate 1” chips = .50 - .55 shot rate Chip embedment ◦ 1/2 of chip should be embedded in emulsion after rolling
Pavement Condition Factor Adjustment Flushed asphalt surface 0.70 -0.03 gal/yd2
Smooth, non-porous surface 0.90 0.00 gal/yd2
Slightly porous, oxidized surface 0.94 +0.02 gal/yd2
Slightly pocked, porous surface 0.90 +0.04 gal/yd2
Badly pocked, porous, oxidized surface
0.90 +0.06 gal/yd2
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One-sized Cubical Clean Angular Durable Non-polishing
Clean, Washed, One Sized…Proper Amount
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Wearing Surface Skid Resistance Enhance Surface Appearance
One-sizedCubicalCleanAngularNon-polishing
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Chip Embedment at Least ½ of Chip in the Oil, After Rolling
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Depth of asphalt binder just beforechip application
Depth of asphalt binder just afterchip application
Depth of asphalt binder just after rolling
Depth of asphalt binder afterconsiderable traffic
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Stager Stock Piles Keep Contamination out of Stock Pile Area
Allow 10% Waste Keep Chip Pile Damp Load from center of pile
Used Your Water Truck Keep chips dampNo water running water out of dump trucks
No dust clouds
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Spread immediately behind distributor
Uniform distributionAggregate rates◦18 to 28 lbs. per square yard
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Safety hazardWaste of moneyDetrimental to new surface
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Temperature, Ambient and SurfaceNight Time for Curing….
Rain, Not Expected for 4 Hours Minimum
Ample Time for Curing
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Weather
Aggregate
Binder
Design
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Strainers Radars Pump sensors Spray bar heightNozzle angleNozzle size
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Tire Pressure
Radial Tire
Will Bounce
If Pressure To High(Rub Board)
Gate Opening
Calibrating Rate
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Roll Immediately After Aggregate is Applied
Immediately after chipping◦Orients chips on their flat side
Pneumatic tires - 60 psi 12 ton minimum Stop after setModerate speed
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The first rollers -- the trucks!
Stagger Wheel Paths When Backing
Exercise Caution When Turning Speed Under 25 MPH
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Light brooming removes excess chips
Time before brooming varies Excess chips can dislodge other chips◦Can also damage windshields
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Joint Brooming Joint may need Broomed before Next Pass& Lifts
Next Morning Remove Loose ChipsEarly Morning When Binder is
Tougher
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Control Traffic to Ensure Safety of Workers
Keep Speed Below 30 MPH Signage: Loose Rock, Fresh Oil, andMen Working
What is “fog seal”?
Light application of emulsion over existing surface
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Typically Emulsion SS1 OR CSS1Diluted 50/50 with water .08 gal/yd2 to .12 gal/yd2Application depends on surface
Curing time depends on weather +/ 2 hrs
Applied with asphalt distributor truck
Inexpensive way to extend the life of pavement or chipseal
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Studies have shown that a Fog Seal over a Chip Seal provides many benefits. When properly applied, a Fog Seal is proven to offer all of the following advantages
Provides lasting protection Reduced claims from loose chips Increased embedment of cover material
Accelerated curing of completed project
Decreased snowplow damage Increases visibility of stripes
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Locks down marginally embedded chips
Reduced raveling Prolongs the service lifeQuicker snow and ice melt Improved pavement marking visibility
Appearance preferred by traveling public
Fog Seal is Chip Seal best friend!
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Rejuvenating Fog Seal Emulsion
Gives oxidized asphalt surface new life
Application depends on surface
Used on existing road surface hot mix or chipseal
Applied with asphalt distributorUse proper nozzle size for rate/speed
Make sure even coverage no drilling
Applied in one direction or depending on surface texture apply ½ desired rate in both directions for complete coverage
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What Happened Here?PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS
Dirty aggregate Insufficient asphalt Chips spread too late Unequal spray bar distribution
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What’s wrong with this picture?
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Educated, trained & motivated crew
Properly calibrated & maintained equipment
Traffic control
Equipment calibrated? Correct rate?
Spray bar set right?Chips spread at the right amount & time?
Rolling, rolling, rolling The whole crew on the same page
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Teamwork Is the Difference Between Success and Failure
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March 22-24, 2016 | Nashville, TN | www.worldofasphalt.com
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