Evolução dos Evolução dos MicroprocessadoresMicroprocessadores
Afonso Ferreira MiguelAfonso Ferreira Miguel
40044004Introduction date "November 1971"
Manufacturing process 2,300 transistors
Data bus width 4 bit
Package 16-pin Ceramic DIP
Speed (MHz) 0.74
Physical memory 640 bytes (RAM) and 4 KB (ROM)
V core (V) 15 ± 5%
Min/Max operating temperature (°C) 0 – 70
Typical/Max power dissipation (W) 0.45 / 0.6
40404040Data bus width 4 bit
Package 24-pin ceramic DIP
Speed (MHz) 0.74
Physical memory 4 KB (8 KB with a bank switch)
Min/Max operating temperature (°C) 0 - 70
Typical/Max power dissipation (W) 0.6 / 0.9 (25°
80088008Introduction date Apr-72
Manufacturing process 3,500 transistors
Data bus width 8 bit
Package 18-pin DIP
Speed (MHz) 0.5
Physical memory (KB) 16
Virtual memory None
Floating Point Unit None
Min/Max operating temperature (°C) 0 - 70
80808080
Year: 1974
Bus width: 8
Clock speed: 2 MHz
Description: Successor to Intel 8008 CPU. The processor has 6,000 transistors, and can address 64 KB of physical memory.
Computers: Altair 8800, IMSAI 8080, CompuColor II, Byte Computers Byt-8
80858085
Year: 1976
Bus width: 8
Clock speed: 5 MHz
Description: Enhanced version of Intel 8080 CPU.
Computers: Radio Shack TRS-80 Models 100 and 200, CompuPro 8/16.
Z80Z80
Year: 1976
Bus width: 8
Clock speed:
4 MHz
Description: Improved version of Intel 8080 processor: new instructions.
Computers: Radio Shack TRS-80 Models 1 - 4, Sinclair ZX81, Commodore 128D (also had 6502 CPU), Franklin Ace 1200 (also had 6502 CPU), etc.
80868086
Year: 1978
Clock speed: 5 ~10 MHz
Bus width: 16
Description: First generation of Intel 80x86 processors. 8086 was 16 bit processor (internally and externally). The processor has 29,000 transistors, and can address 1 MB of physical memory.
80888088
Year: 1979
Bus width: 8/16
Clock speed:
5 ~10 MHz
Description: The processor is a modified version of 8086 - it has 8 bit external data bus width (8086 has 16 bit data bus), also instruction queue size and prefetching algorithms were changed. 8088 uses two consecutive bus cycles to write or read 16 bit data instead of one cycle for 8086. This made the processor to run slower, but on the plus side the hardware changes in 8088 made it compatible with 8080/8085 harware. The processor has 29,000 transistors, and can address 1 MB of physical memory.
Computers: IBM PC series, Amstrad PPC-640, etc.
6800068000
Year: 1979
Bus width: 16/32
Description: First generation of Motorola 680x0 series of processors.
Computers: Apple Lisa 2, Apple Macintosh 128, Atari 520STfm and 1040STfm, Commodore Amiga 500 and 1000.
8018680186
Year: 1982
Bus width: 16
Clock speed: 10 MHz
Description: Next generation of 80x86 processors. Used mostly as embedded processor.
8028680286
Year: 1982
Bus width: 16
Clock speed: 6 ~ 25 MHz
Description: Second generation of 80x86 processors: new instructions, protected mode, supported 16MB of memory. The processor has 134,000 transistors, and can address 16 MB of physical memory and 4 GB of virtual memory.
8038680386
Year: 1985
Bus width: 32
Clock speed: 20 ~ 33 MHz
Description: Third generation of 80x86 processors: new processor modes, 32 bit, increased speed. The processor includes 275,000 transistors, and can address 4 GB of physical memory and 64 TB of virtual memory.
8048680486
Year: 1989
Bus width: 32
Clock speed:
33 ~ 75 MHz
Description: Fourth generation of 80x86 processors: integrated floating-point unit, internal clock multiplier. The processor has 1,200,000 transistors (less in SX version), and can address 4 GB of physical memory and 64 TB of virtual memory.
PentiumPentium
Year: 1993
Bus width: 32
Clock speed:
9 ~200 MHz
Description: Fifth generation of x86 processors: superscalar architecture, MMX. The processor has 3,100,000 transistors, and can address 4 GB of physical memory and 64 TB of virtual memory.
Pentium IIPentium II
Year: 1995
Bus width: 32
Clock speed: 266 ~500 MHz
Description: Sixth generation of x86 processors; Single Edge Contact cartridge (slot 1)
Moore’s LawMoore’s Law
•Intel co-founder Gorden Moore notice in 1964;
•Number of transistors doubled every 12 months while price unchanged;
•Slowed down in the 1980s to every 18 months;
•Amazingly still correct, likely to keep until 2010.