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Evolution in flood modelling
based on the example of the Bruce
Highway Crossing over the Eudlo Creek
Anne Kolega, BMT
2019 IPWEAQ Annual Conference, 22 - 24 October 2019
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Acknowledgement
• I would like to acknowledge for their support in this project and
willingness to share the presentation:
– Department of Transport and Main Roads
– WSP Australia Pty Limited
Thank you!
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Presentation Outline
• Why? - Drivers and benefits of the Evolution of Flood Modelling
• Location
• Data
• Modelling guidelines - ARR 1987, ARR 2016/2019, Monte Carlo
• Modelling approaches - Software Evolution in Eudlo Creek
• Hardware Evolution - TUFLOW Classic versus TUFLOW HPC
• Importance of model calibration
• New 2019 modelling features – TUFLOW HPC Sub-grid sampling / Quadtree
• Summary
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• Why have we invested so much
money and effort into hydraulic
modelling
• What are the benefits
• What can we learn from this?
Why? - Benefits of the Evolution of Flood Modelling
Brisbane January 2011
Centenary Highway Mt Ommaney
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Why?
January 2011 Flood in Brisbane
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Benefits for future assessment - learnings
• More development pressure
• More people living in Australia
• Higher flood risk
• More safety required
• We seek to reduce uncertainties
• Use of additional data collected over the last 30 years - rainfall and river
gauge data
• Significantly increased flood damages
• Affect of climate change is likely to worsen the above
• Better data and more certainty
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Presentation Outline
• Why? - Drivers and benefits of the Evolution of Flood Modelling
• Location
• Data
• Modelling guidelines - ARR 1987, ARR 2016/2019, Monte Carlo
• Modelling approaches - Software Evolution in Eudlo Creek
• Hardware Evolution - TUFLOW Classic versus TUFLOW HPC
• Importance of model calibration
• New 2019 modelling features – TUFLOW HPC Sub-grid sampling / Quadtree
• Summary
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Location Bruce Highway Crossing over the Eudlo Creek
• Bruce Highway one lane
• Bruce Highway Duplication
• Business Case and Detail
Design of Eastern and
Western Service Roads
• Potential Future Raising of the
Bruce Highway
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Presentation Outline
• Why? - Drivers and benefits of the Evolution of Flood Modelling
• Location
• Data
• Modelling guidelines - ARR 1987, ARR 2016/2019, Monte Carlo
• Modelling approaches - Software Evolution in Eudlo Creek
• Hardware Evolution - TUFLOW Classic versus TUFLOW HPC
• Importance of model calibration
• New 2019 modelling features – TUFLOW HPC Sub-grid sampling / Quadtree
• Summary
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Data
In the 1990:
• Ground survey
• Contours
• Photos
Now:
• LiDAR covering large areas
• Additional ground survey
• Bathymetry
• Aerial imagery
• Vegetation layers
44
44.5
45
45.5
46
46.5
47
47.5
48
48.5
49
49.5
0 5 10 15 20 25
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Presentation Outline
• Why? - Drivers and benefits of the Evolution of Flood Modelling
• Location
• Data
• Modelling guidelines - ARR 1987, ARR 2016/2019, Monte Carlo
• Modelling approaches - Software Evolution in Eudlo Creek
• Hardware Evolution - TUFLOW Classic versus TUFLOW HPC
• Importance of model calibration
• New 2019 modelling features - TUFLOW HPC Subgrid sampling / Quadtree
• Summary
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Modelling Guidelines – ARR and Monte Carlo
Reducing uncertainty / Increasing defensibility
?
Time
Flo
w
Monte Carlo
Thousands of
hydrographs per AEP
Vary all major factors
1977 1987
Single hydrograph per duration
per AEP
Time
Flo
w
All inputs fixed
2016/2019
Time
Flo
w
Ensemble 10
hydrographs per
duration per AEP
Vary temporal patterns
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Modelling Guidelines – ARR and Monte Carlo
?
Monte Carlo
Thousands of
hydrographs per AEP
1977 1987
Single hydrograph per duration
per AEP
2016/2019
Ensemble 10
hydrographs per
duration per AEP
Hydro
RobustusHydro
Erectus
Hydro
Neanderthalensis
Hydro
Sapiens
Reducing uncertainty / Increasing defensibility
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Presentation Outline
• Why? - Drivers and benefits of the Evolution of Flood Modelling
• Location
• Data
• Modelling guidelines - ARR 1987, ARR 2016/2019, Monte Carlo
• Modelling approaches - Software Evolution in Eudlo Creek
• Hardware Evolution - TUFLOW Classic versus TUFLOW HPC
• Importance of model calibration
• New 2019 modelling features – TUFLOW HPC Sub-grid sampling / Quadtree
• Summary
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Hydraulic Modelling Approaches – Software Evolution
• Modelling approaches used for Eudlo Creek:
– 1D model
– 1D/2D TUFLOW Classic
– 1:30 scale Physical Model for verification
– TUFLOW HPC
– TUFLOW FV
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TUFLOW Numerical Models used in Eudlo Creek
1D/2D TUFLOW Classic
/ HPCGPU Hardware
AD
TUFLOW FVAD / Sediment Transport /
Morphology / Water Quality
Fixed Grid Flexible Mesh
1D ESTRYOpen channel
Pipe network
1D
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Why 2D Modelling instead of 1D?
Topography at Bruce Highway over Eudlo Creek
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1D Modelling
Basic 1D Network Example
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Why 2D Modelling instead of 1D?
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Why 2D Modelling instead of 1D?
2D Model Example
Better coverage representation
(vegetation cover or elevation)
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Requires significantly less engineering judgment to
get the correct answer
2D Modelling Results
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Physical Model in Eudlo Creek
Model Configuration with Roughness Elements
Model Bridge Structure Pre-duplication of Highway 1983
Model Bridge Structure for Highway Duplication
Bill Syme comment:
• No one believes a computer model
(except for the modeller)
• but everyone believes a physical
model
(except for the modeller)
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Presentation Outline
• Why? - Drivers and benefits of the Evolution of Flood Modelling
• Location
• Data
• Modelling guidelines - ARR 1987, ARR 2016/2019, Monte Carlo
• Modelling approaches - Software Evolution in Eudlo Creek
• Hardware Evolution - TUFLOW Classic versus TUFLOW HPC
• Importance of model calibration
• New 2019 modelling features – TUFLOW HPC Sub-grid sampling / Quadtree
• Summary
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Hardware Evolution -TUFLOW Classic versus HPC
• 1D versus 1D / 2D
• TUFLOW Classic / HPC
• TUFLOW HPC
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
VS
TUFLOW Classic
TUFLOW HPC + GPU Module
Central Processing Unit (CPU) Graphic Processing Unit (GPU)
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Hydraulic Modelling Hardware Evolution - CPU vs GPU
VS
Cell Count
7,500 cells
31,000 cells
125,000 cells
750,000 cells
3,100,000 cells
12,500,000 cells
Classic CPU(pre 2017 standard)
0:12 hr
0:15 hr
1:32 hr
15:19 hr
146:0 hr
≈48 days
Speed-upRatio
4
5
23
51
81
86
• Cell Size
• 20m
• 10m
• 5m
• 2m
• 1m
• 0.5m
HPC GPU(current standard)
0:03 hr
0:03 hr
0:04 hr
0:18 hr
1:47 hr
13:18 hr
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Presentation Outline
• Why? - Drivers and benefits of the Evolution of Flood Modelling
• Location
• Data
• Modelling guidelines - ARR 1987, ARR 2016/2019, Monte Carlo
• Modelling approaches and software available and used for Eudlo Creek
• TUFLOW Classic versus TUFLOW HPC
• Importance of model calibration
• New 2019 modelling features – TUFLOW HPC Sub-grid sampling / Quadtree
• Summary
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Importance of model calibration
• Model calibration was undertaken
for all models TUFLOW Classic, FV
and TUFLOW HPC
• Various historic events were
assessed: 1983, 1992, 1999, 2012,
2013 and 2015
• Good calibration was achieved
for both models
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Presentation Outline
• Why? - Drivers and benefits of the Evolution of Flood Modelling
• Location
• Data
• Modelling guidelines - ARR 1987, ARR 2016/2019, Monte Carlo
• Modelling approaches and software available and used for Eudlo Creek
• TUFLOW Classic versus TUFLOW HPC
• Importance of model calibration
• New 2019 modelling features – TUFLOW HPC Sub-grid Sampling /
Quadtree
• Summary
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TUFLOW HPC Sub-grid Sampling / Quadtree Features
Sub-grid Sampling TUFLOW GPC Quadtree
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Sub-grid Sampling
Cell volume elevation point
Cell face elevation point
Current Cell Volume / Face Schema
TUFLOW HPC Sub-grid Sampling / Quadtree Features
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• Mesh refinement
• Maximum cell division of 2
across adjacent cells
• Requires user input on where to
refine mesh => easier workflow
than flexible mesh
• Adjustable resolution =
refinement only where necessary
= efficient memory utilisation
TUFLOW HPC Sub-grid Sampling / Quadtree Features
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Three Tier Quadtree Nesting Benchmark
5m Single domain 5m – 2.5m – 1.25m quadtree domain
TUFLOW HPC Sub-grid Sampling / Quadtree Features
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Single Domain(current standard)
0:03 hr
0:03 hr
0:04 hr
0:18 hr
1:47 hr
13:18 hr
• Cell Size
• 20m
• 10m
• 5m
• 2m
• 1m
• 0.5m
Speed-upRatio
1.3
3.6
4.1
3.5
HPC Single vs Quadtree Simulation Speed-up
Cell Size
20m / 10m / 5m
10m / 5m / 2.5m
5m / 2.5m / 1.25m
2m / 1m / 0.5m
Quadtree(future standard)
0:03 hr
0:05 hr
0:26 hr
3:47 hr
over 300 times faster than CPU
using a single domain!
TUFLOW HPC Sub-grid Sampling / Quadtree Features
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Presentation Outline
• Why? - Drivers and benefits of the Evolution of Flood Modelling
• Data
• Modelling guidelines - ARR 1987, ARR 2016/2019, Monte Carlo
• Modelling approaches and software available and used for Eudlo Creek
• TUFLOW Classic versus TUFLOW HPC
• Importance of model calibration
• Future modelling features – TUFLOW HPC Subgrid sampling and Quadtree
• Summary
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Summary – Evolution Flood Modelling
Individual development – no common goal
• Evolution in data available
• Evolution in guidelines – Australian Rainfall and Runoff
• Evolution in Hardware
• Evolution in Software
• Evolution in Flood Modelling
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Summary Key points and Benefits
• Better data and more certainty
• Better inform development to reduce flood risk and improve safety
• Use of additional data collected over the last 30 years - rainfall and river
gauge data
• Simulate larger areas with more certainty
• Aim to reduce flood damages
• Better inform the effect of climate change