Download - Evolution of communication
EVOLUTION OF COMMUNICATION 18-20T H CENTURY
-Mridu Agarwal
CD L1
Samuel Johnson publishes the
first English language dictionary
on April 15th after nine years of
writing. In the preface Samuel
Johnson wrote, "I am not so lost
in lexicography as to forget that
words are the daughters of
earth, and that things are the
sons of heaven."
1755 : FIRST ENGLISH DICTIONARY
The telegraph was a communication
system that originally relied on a
line of site in order to receive a
message. Georges Louis Lesage, a
physicist from Geneva invented an
electric telegraph in 1774 that had a
simple charged wire for every letter
in the alphabet. This allowed
telegraphs to be sent without the
required line of site and “smoke
signals”.
1774 :PATENT OF ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH
Jacques Perrier invents a
steamship. One great
way to communicate
overseas, though
steamship was first
sailed in 1819.
1775: INVENTION OF STEAMSHIP
The first American submarine is as
old as the United States itself. David
Bushnell (1742-1824), a Yale
graduate, designed and built a
submarine torpedo boat in 1776. The
one-man vessel submerged by
admitting water into the hull and
surfaced by pumping it out with a
hand pump. Powered by a pedal-
operated propeller and armed with a
keg of powder, the egg-shaped Turtle
gave Revolutionary Americans high
hopes for a secret weapon - a weapon
that could destroy the British
warships anchored in New York
Harbor.
1776: INVENTION OF SUBMARINE
1799: FOURDRINIER MACHINE
Louis Robert invents the Fourdrinier Machine for sheet paper making.
A papermaking machine that could make continuous paper (rolls).
A patent was granted on July 24, 1806, for a machine that could make
any size of paper, very quickly.
Large Fourdrinier-style paper-making machine. A row of heated drums
dry out the paper, which enters the machine as wet pulp.
Large rolls are usually sliced into a number of thin rolls, which can
feed continuous presses (e.g. newspapers) or be cut into separate
sheets.
The invention cost £60000, and caused the brothers to go bankrupt.
Due to various laws, it was difficult to protect the patent on the
machine, and the new system was widely adopted.
1810 : IMPROVED PRINTING PRESS
German, Frederick Koenig
invents an improved printing
press, this allowed people to
print documents.
1814: PHOTOGRAPHY
Joseph Nicéphore Niépce was the first person to take
a photograph. He took the picture by setting up a
machine called the camera obscura in the window of
his home in France. It took eight hours for the
camera to take the picture.
In September of 1821, Charles
Wheatstone exhibited his Enchanted
Lyre or Aconcryptophone at a gallery
in a music store. The Enchanted Lyre
was not a real instrument, it was a
sounding box disguised as a lyre that
hung from the ceiling by a steel rod,
and emitted the sounds of several
instruments: piano, harp, and
dulcimer. It appeared as if the
Enchanted Lyre was playing itself.
However, the steel rod conveyed the
vibrations of the music from real
instruments which were played out of
view by real musicians.
1821: ENCHANTED LYRE
1827 :COIN THE PHRASE MICROPHONE
Charles Wheatstone was the first person to coin the
phrase microphone.
1829: W.A. INVENTS TYPOGRAPHER
In 1829, William Austin Burt invents the
typographer, a predecessor to the typewriter, he
patents the same.
1829: BRAILLE
Frenchmen, Louis Braille invents braille printing for
the blind.
1835: CALOTYPE PHOTOGRAPHY
Englishmen, Henry Talbot invents calotype
photography.
Talbot made his first successful camera photographs
in 1835 using paper sensitized with silver chloride,
which darkened in proportion to its exposure to
light. This early "photogenic drawing" process was
a printing-out process, i.e., the paper had to be
exposed in the camera until the image was fully
visible. A very long exposure—typically an hour or
more—was required to produce an
acceptable negative.
1835: MECHANICAL CALCULATOR
Charles Babbage invents a mechanical calculator.
1837 : TELEGRAPH
Developed in the 1830s and 1840s by Samuel Morse (1791-1872) and other
inventors, the telegraph revolutionized long-distance communication. It worked by
transmitting electrical signals over a wire laid between stations. In addition to
helping invent the telegraph, Samuel Morse developed a code (bearing his name)
that assigned a set of dots and dashes to each letter of the English alphabet and
allowed for the simple transmission of complex messages across telegraph lines. In
1844, Morse sent his first telegraph message, from Washington, D.C., to Baltimore,
Maryland; by 1866, a telegraph line had been laid across the Atlantic Ocean from the
U.S. to Europe. Although the telegraph had fallen out of widespread use by the start
of the 21st century, replaced by the telephone, fax machine and Internet, it laid the
groundwork for the communications revolution that led to those later innovations.
1837: POSTAGE STAMP
English schoolmaster, Rowland Hill invents
the postage stamp.
1838: MORSE CODE
Morse code is a method of transmitting text information as a series of
on-off tones, lights, or clicks that can be directly understood by a
skilled listener or observer without special equipment. The
International Morse Code encodes the ISO basic Latin alphabet, some
extra Latin letters, the Arabic numerals and a small set of punctuation
and procedural signals as standardized sequences of short and long
signals called "dots" and "dashes",or "dits" and "dahs". Because many
non-English natural languages use more than the 26 Roman letters,
extensions to the Morse alphabet exist for those languages.
1 8 3 9 : D A G U E R R E O T Y P E P H O T O G R A P H Y .
Frenchmen, Louis Daguerre and J.N. Niepce coinvent Daguerreotype
photography.
Using the camera obscura (a drawing aid for artists that after the birth of
photography became known as the photographic camera) a light tight
plate holder was designed to hold a copper plate faced with a thin layer of
silver. Prior to exposing the plate in the camera, the plate was made light
sensitive by fumes from iodine crystals in a wooden box. After the
exposure, mercury fumes would develop the image which was then fixed
in a solution of common salt (sodium chloride) or of sodium thiosulfate
(Na2S2O3.5H2O). The plate could be toned in gold chloride.
1867:PRACTICAL USE OF TELEPHONE
1876: PATENTS THE TELEPHONE
First patented in 1876 by Alexander Graham Bell and further developed by
many others.
A telephone, or phone, is a telecommunications device that permits two or
more users to conduct a conversation when they are not in the same vicinity of
each other to be heard directly. A telephone converts sound, typically and most
efficiently the human voice, into electronic signals suitable for transmission via
cables or other transmission media over long distances, and replays such
signals simultaneously in audible form to its user. The wordtelephone has been
adapted into the vocabulary of many languages. It is derived from
the Greek: τῆλε, tēle, far and φωνή, phōnē, voice, together meaning distant
voice.
The phonograph was invented in 1877
by Thomas Edison. It is a device
introduced in 1877 for the recording
and reproduction of sound recordings.
The recordings played on such a
device consist of waveforms that are
engraved onto a rotating cylinder or
disc. As the cylinder or disc rotates, a
stylus or needle traces the waveforms
and vibrates to reproduce the
recorded sound waves
1877: TIN FOIL PHONOGRAPH
1877: FIRST MOVING PICTURES
Eadweard Muybridge invents the first moving
pictures.
John Huston patents the
roll film for cameras.
1881: PATENTS THE ROLL FILM FOR CAMERAS
1884: PAPER STRIP PHOTOGRAPHIC FILM
George Eastman patents paper-strip photographic
film.
1887 : FIRST GRAMOPHONE
By Emelie Berliner Grampophone
1895: PORTABLE MOTION-PICTURE CAMERA
Lumiere Brothers invent a portable motion-picture
camera, film processing unit and projector called the
Cinematographe. Lumiere Brothers using their
Cinematographe are the first to present a projected
motion picture to an audience of more that one
person.
1895: FIRST RADIO SIGNAL OVER A MILE
1896-1901: INVENTION OF RADIO
1907: INVENTION OF VACUUM TUBE RADIO
In electronics a vacuum tube, electron tube (in North America), tube,
or thermionic valve or valve (in British English) is a device controlling electric
current through a vacuum in a sealed container. The container is often thin
transparent glass in a roughly cylindrical shape. The simplest vacuum tube,
the diode, is similar to an incandescent light bulb with an added electrode inside.
When the bulb's filament is heated red-hot, electrons are "boiled" off its surface
and into the vacuum inside the bulb. If the electrode—called a "plate" or
"anode"—is made more positive than the hot filament, a direct current flows
through the vacuum to the electrode (a demonstration of the Edison effect). As
the current only flows in one direction, it makes it possible to convert
an alternating current applied to the filament to direct current.
1910: DEMONSTRATION OF FIRST TALKING MOTION
PICTURE
Thomas Edison demonstrated the first talking motion
picture.
1910 – TELEGRAPH MESSAGES LEADS TO ARREST
Captain Henry Kendall, Who was constantly communicating to help catch the culprits.
Dr crippen and Ethel Le Nivel found guilty.
1912: MOTORIZED MOVIE CAMERAS
Motorized movie cameras invented, replaced hand-
cranked cameras.
1912- MACRONI ’S F IRST PURPOSE -BUILT RADIO FACTORY AT NEW
STREET WORKS, ALSO IN CHELMSFORD, ENGLAND
1 9 1 3 - T H E U S N A V Y B E G I N S T R A N S M I T T I N G B Y R A D I O A R E G U L A R T I M E S I G N A L
1915 - D ISCOVERY OF LONG DISTANCE TELEPHONIC
COMMUNICATION
1 9 1 5 - F I R S T T R A N S M I SS I O N O F S P E E C H A C R O SS O C E A N S.
1916: RADIO TUNERS
Invention of radio tuners which helped onto
switching to different radio stations.
1 9 1 8 : S U P E R H E T E R O D Y N E R A D I O C I R C U I T
In electronics, a superheterodyne receiver (often shortened
to superhet), invented by US engineer Edwin Armstrong in 1918
during World War 1,uses frequency mixing or heterodyning to
convert a received signal to a fixed intermediate frequency(IF),
which can be more conveniently processed than the
original radio carrier frequency. Virtually all modern radio
receivers use the superheterodyne principle.
The superheterodyne radio circuit invented by Edwin Howard
Armstrong. Today, every radio or television set uses this invention.
The mechanical
television a precursor to
the modern television,
invented by John Logie
Baird.
1925 : MECHANICAL TELEVISION
1 9 2 6 - F I R S T D E M O N S T R A T I O N O F T E L E V I S I O N
John Logie Baird gave the world's first demonstration of television to a group assembled in his attic rooms in London. This is John Logie with the TV set.
1 9 2 9 - B B C T O B R O A D C A S T F I R S T T R I A L O N T V S E T.
1965 - LAUNCH OF EARLY B IRD.
1 9 8 3 - M I D I B E C O M E S T H E S TA N D A R D F O R E L E C T R O N I C C O M M U N I C AT I O N I N
M U S I C
1983: APPLE
First ever computer with a monitor and keyboard
attached.
The most renowned brand Apple, By Steve Jobs.
1986: WINDOWS
Windows operating system invented by Microsoft
(Bill Gates).
1 9 8 9 - 9 1 – C E R N, F I R S T S T E P T O WA R D S W O R L D W I D E W E B
1989- Build ENQUIRE
1990- The first proposal
for the world wide web
1991- First website at
http://info.cern.ch
1997 – REGISTRY OF GOOGLE.COM
Larry page and Sergey Brin