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Evolution of Stem Cell Research 2004‐2009‐ A Citation Analysis Perspective ‐
Andreas Strotmann, GESIS e.V., Bonn, GermanyDangzhi Zhao, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
• Fairly consistent overall structure over time (three two‐year time slices)• Central arc of stem cell research areas dealing with (potential) medical applications
• About half: regenerative medicine areas / half: cancer medicine areas• Usually bridged by: haematopoiesis ; vascular growth
• Bottom: Neural stem cell research separated off• Adult neurogenesis is largest area
• Bottom: stem cell biology / biotechnology group of research areas separated out• Arc of small factors connects to central medical applications arc (imported areas?)
• Cell cycle related areas on cancer side • Cell matrix interaction areas on regenerative medicine side
Overall Structure Identified
Methodology: Author Co‐citation Analysis of SC Research
• Well‐established method in information science adapted to analysis of biomedical fields• Analysis of similarities in citation patterns for highly cited SC researchers
• The more intellectually similar two researchers’ main contributions to a field• … the more publications in the field will cite papers by both authors
• Visualizations are direct representations of multivariate factor analyses of exclusive all‐author co‐citation matrices
• Connect authors with their (main) sub‐fields of research impact –> automatic layout• In addition, node sizes represent impact on the field (citedness in literature)
• Evolution studied via three time slices: SC publications of 2004/05, 2006/07, & 2007/08
Major Developments Identified
• Failure of initial attempt to unify SC field under the idea of Stem Cell Plasticity• Emergence of the Cancer Stem Cell concept• Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell breakthrough
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Stem Cell Research 2004-2005 (Author Cocitation Analysis)
Stem Cell Research 2006-2007 (Author Cocitation Analysis)
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• Zhao, D., & Strotmann, A. (2011). Counting first, last, or all authors in citation analysis: A comprehensive comparison in the highly collaborative Stem Cell research field. Journal of The American Society for Information Science and Technology, 62(4),654‐676.
• Zhao, D. & Strotmann, A. (2010). Intellectual structure of Stem Cell research: A comprehensive author co‐citation analysis of a highly collaborative and multidisciplinary field. Scientometrics, 87(1), 115‐131.
• Strotmann, A., Zhao, D., & Bubela, T. (2010). Combining commercial and Open Access citation databases to delimit highly interdisciplinary research fields for citation analysis studies. Journal of Informetrics, 4(2), 194‐200.
• Strotmann, A., Zhao, D., & Bubela, T. (2009). Author name disambiguation for collaboration network analysis and visualization. Proceedings of The American Society for Information Science and Technology 2009 Annual Meeting, November 6‐11, 2009, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
References
• SSHRC Canada Standard Research Grant 2008‐2011• Gengcheng Guo, assistance in programming
Gradual Trends Identified
How well does this match your view of the field? Contact us: [email protected]
Acknowledgments
• While SC Plasticity did not unify field, we do observe a gradual increase in field cohesion• Central role of haematopoietic stem cells appears to fade from pure research and
disperse into medical applications
Suggestive Details Identified
• Mesenchymal SC specialty evolves towards a focus on Cytotherapy• Neural SC development specialty evolves towards a focus on Retinal stem cells
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Legend: Visualization of Intellectual Structure of Stem Cell Research
• Square nodes: author cited highly in the stem cell literature
• Circular nodes: stem cell research areas identified by factor analysis of 200x300 author cocitation matrix (hand labeled)• Foreground Links: specific contributions of author to research area (Background: general contributions)• Link gray‐scale ~ loading of author on research area in factor analysis• Node sizes ~ number of citations• Node colors ~ research area (factor number)• Layout: automatic – Kamada‐Kawai algorithm as implemented in Pajek; some hand‐optimized label placement
Stem Cell Research 2008‐2009 (Author Cocitation Analysis)