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Examples of European ecosystem accounts
&
calculation of carbon balance
EEA, 11th of May 2011
Emil Ivanov,
Centre for Environmental Management,
University of Nottingham, UK
Previously EEA/ETC LUSI, Barcelona, ES
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Introduction
Applying the ecosystem
cube
1. Ecosystem richness, vitality and resilience = integrity or “health”
2. Main objective of Ecosystem capital accounting - bring together
evidence on large scales from statistics (FAO…), remote sensing
(medium resolution) and expert valuations (IUCN, Birdlife
International, WDPA)
3. And analyse bio-geographical and landscape patterns
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Illustrating two facets of ecosystem “cube” for Europe
FAO statistics
Soil map
NPP – NDVI - T
Land Cover
Transport networks
Protected areas
Land cover
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Illustration of Bio-productivity existing stock and new resource production in year 2000
• Addresses the ecosystem processes (not
geological)
• Downscaled FAO forest biomass + topsoil
• Harmonized EU map
• Underestimation of real stocks (no herbal
and bush biomass included)
• Key ecosystem processes as productivity
or vitality (Rapport)
• GEOSUCCESS NPP – C fix model +
Night T = adapted to NEP
• Harmonized EU map
• Underestimation (no production under
plastic or under forest canopy …)
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Illustration of Bio-productivity human use in 2000 and resulting balance
• Addresses what people take from the
Ecosystem, renewable resources incl.both
annual production and accumulated stock (food,
fibre, materials, bio-fuels, NO fossil fuels)
• FAO statistics downscaled on LC and NDVI
• Harmonized EU view, calibration needed for
different crops, tree types etc
• Balance between the Ecosystem carbon stock
added to annual carbon resource production
and the human use of both
• Approximates the amount of how much natural
production people used and how much they
shared with the rest of the ecosystem
• it is not a balance between C-fixing and C-
release
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CALCULATING and MAPPING
NECB
Used inputs:
• FAO’s country statistics on: crop harvest, roundwood
removals, grazing animals distribution, forest above-
ground and bellow-ground biomass all for year 2000
• Remote sensing input (1 km grid): NPP 2000, NDVI
1999 – 2000, Tmin 2000
• Percentage Land cover in 1 km – selected classes
croplands, forest lands and grazed lands
• Soil carbon content map
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EXISTING CARBON STOCK
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CARBON STOCK IN FOREST
Downscaled FAO data
CARBON STOCK IN TOPSOIL
JRC data
+
On % standing forest land in 1 km2 …
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CARBON RESOURCE for year 2000
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ADJUSTED NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION
for year 2000
GEOSUCCESS NPP
Night Temperature adjustment
TOTAL RETURNS in year 2000+
Residuals from crops, timber
and manure
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EXISTING STOCK + CARBON RESOURCE for year 2000
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CARBON USE in year 2000
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DOWNSCALED CROPS year 2000
DOWNSCALED TIMBER year 2000
DOWNSCALED GRAZED BIOMASS
year 2000
+
+
On % agriculture in 1 km grid
FAO downscaled product
calibrated with European %
grazed land in 1 km grid
On decreased NDVI * %
forest land cover in 1 km grid
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CARBON BALANCE for year 2000
1 – GRID cells, 1km²
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CARBON BALANCE for year 2000
2 – River basins
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CARBON BALANCE for year 2000
3 – Administrative regions (NUTS)
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Mean of NECB and NLEP per ecosystem accounting unit (SELU)