Explain Unalienable Rights, Social Contract, and Separation of Powers
John LockeUnalienable Rights
And Social Contract
Charles MontesquieuSeparation of Powers
Unalienable Rights
Rights that cannot be taken away…Life, Liberty, Pursuit of Happiness
European Exploration – Beginnings of an American Identity
Study Guide
Reasons for European Exploration
Claim land Expand Empire Become Rich Trade Route to Asia Compete with European Rivals
Effects of European Exploration
European Rivalries intensify Exchange of Plants, Animals, and
Diseases Slavery Immigrants coming to the New
World
Mercantilism
An economic system in which nations increase their wealth and power by obtaining gold and silver and establishing a favorable balance of trade
Colonies are there to benefit the mother country
Columbian Exchange
Movement of plants, animals, and diseases between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres
Joint-Stock Company
A business in which investors pool their wealth in order to turn a profit
Will send colonists to the New World to make a profit
Jamestown, Virginia
1607 First permanent English colony in
the New World Founded to make a profit Chesapeake Region Early years were a struggle
House of Burgesses
1619 First elected/representative
assembly in the New World Example of Self Government…
colonists making their own rule/laws
Pilgrims
Separatists…they wanted to separate from the Church of England
Founded Plymouth, Massachusetts Wrote the Mayflower Compact Celebrated the first Thanksgiving
Mayflower Compact
1620 Written by Pilgrims Agreement to follow the rules and
laws for the good of the colony Example of self/representative gov’t
Great Migration
Period between 1630s and 1640s in which Puritans flee England
Puritans
Wanted to purify the Church of England
Left England to avoid persecution from King James I
Roger Williams
Founder of Rhode Island…1636 Puritan Wants to separate Church and State
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
1639 First Constitution in the New World Example of Self/Representative
Gov’t
William Penn
Quaker Founder of Pennsylvania…1681
Quakers
Religious Group Believed all people should live in
peace in harmony Will live in the colony of
Pennsylvania
James Oglethorpe
Founder of Georgia…1732 Created a safe haven for debtors
and convicts
New England Region
Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire
Long winters and Rocky soil Economy = Lumber, Fishing,
Whaling, and Cattle
Middle Region
New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware
Milder winters and better soil than New England
Economy = Cattle, Fish, Fur, Timber, Wheat, Pigs, and Sheep
Southern Region
Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia
Excellent growing season and soil Corn, Indigo, Pigs, Rice, and
Tobacco CASH CROPS…Slavery
Subsistence Farming
A farm that produces just enough food for the family with a little extra to trade
Practiced in the New England Region
Triangular Trade
A trade route with 3 stops
Great Awakening
A revival of religious feeling in the colonies during the 1730s and 1740s
Jonathan Edwards
Preacher during the Great Awakening
Terrified listeners when he described God’s anger
Preached that colonists could be saved
George Whitefield
Preacher during the Great Awakening
Raised funds to start a home for orphans
The Enlightenment
Movement that emphasized science and reason as the paths to knowledge
Members tended to be wealthy and educated
John Locke, Charles Montesquieu, and Benjamin Franklin
John Locke
Came up with Unalienable Rights or Natural Rights as well as Social Contract
Unalienable Rights
Rights that you are born with Rights that can not be taken away Life, Liberty, and Pursuit of
Happiness Property was originally one of the
Unalienable Rights
Social Contract
State that Government is there to protect the rights of the people. If the government fails to do so, the people can change the government
The people agree to follow the rules/laws of the government
Magna Carta
Document signed by King John in 1215
Will be the stepping stone towards granting basic rights to the English people
Parliament
England’s chief law making body Colonists’ model for representative
government
Glorious Revolution
1688 When King James is forced to flee
England and William and Mary come into power
King James wanted to bring back the Catholic Church but was overthrown
English Bill of Rights
1689 Document that was signed by
William and Mary to respect the rights of English citizens and of Parliament
Rights of the people were strengthened
Salutary Neglect
The hands off policy of England towards the colonists from the 1600s to 1750s
This allowed the colonist to become accustomed to acting on their own (independent)
Push-Pull Factors
A factor that pushes people out of their native lands and pulls them toward a new place
Maryland Toleration Act (1649)
Stated all religions would be allowed in the colony of Maryland
Precursor to the First Amendment…freedom of Religion
Charles Montesquieu
Enlightenment Philosopher that came up with the idea of Separation of Powers…prevents one branch of government from having all the power