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Exploring the Design Space of Glanceable Feedback for Physical Activity TrackersRuben Gouveia, Fábio Pereira, Evangelos Karapanos, Sean Munson & Marc Hassenzahl
1200 steps
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foodsleep distance
self-tracking tools have the potential of encouraging healthier lifestyles.
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people collect data, explore, reflect and take action upon their behaviorsLi et al., 2010
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activity trackers are also used to regulate immediate behaviors!
1200 steps
should I take a break?
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of all interactions with trackers are driven by glances
73%
Gouveia et al., 2015
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how can we design glanceable feedback interfaces (gfi’s) for activity trackers to best support positive behaviors?
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glanceable feedback should be consumed with a quick visual glance, working in the background while we attend to foreground activities1200
steps
Mankoff et al., 2003
Breakaway Jafarinaimi et al., 2005
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how can we design glanceable feedback interfaces (gfi’s) for activity trackers to best support positive behaviors?
#1 what are some of the attributes that GFI should have for activity trackers?
#2 how do GFI impact individuals behaviors?
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#1 what are some of the attributes that GFI should have for activity trackers?
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#1 Abstract #2 Integrate with existing activities #3 Support comparison to targets and norms #4 Actionable #5 Lead to checking habits #6 Act as proxy to further engagement
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Abstracting data, as opposed to only displaying raw data, enables quick awareness and reflection on one’s behaviors
#1 Abstract
all concepts abstracted numbers into abstract shapes - such as circles or stylized representations
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#2 Integrate with existing activities Embedding feedback into frequently accessed locations - such as the background of one’s phone, makes feedback more likely to be glanced
all concepts were designed on frequently performed action - checking the time
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Feedback that presents progress in comparison to a target helps evaluate behaviors relative to a certain goal rather than presenting raw data requiring further inferences.
#3 Support comparison to targets and norms
Normly compares the distance one has walked so far to that of other users with similar daily walking goals
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#4 Actionable Effective glanceable feedback interfaces should not only inform but also instigate goal related actions
CrowdWalk provides users with specific walking challenges
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glanceable feedback should be able to sustain the frequency of glancing over the long run, or in other words to instigate checking habits
#5 Lead to checking habits
Gardy introduces new elements as users progress towards their goal
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Meanfull highlights patterns in user data through textual messages, while offering the opportunity to explore underlying data
glanceable feedback can be designed with the goal of creating “aha” moments, thus acting as cues for further engagement
#6 Act as proxy to further engagement
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#2 how do GFI impact individuals behaviors?
we prototyped four of our original 21 concepts, based on their diversity and how practical they were to implement
deployment
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TickTock portrays periods in which one was physically active over the past hour
deployment
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Normly compares one’s goal completion to that of others having a similar walking goal
deployment
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Gardy abstracts physical activity levels through a garden, blossoming as users progress towards their goal
deployment
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deployment
Goal Completion presents one’s progress towards
their daily goal
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behavioral data (number and duration of usage sessions, step count)logs
concepts were randomly ordered and assigned to participantsconcepts
1 month (1 week per interface)
12, recruited through Redditparticipants
duration
deployment
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participants checked their smartwatch, on average 107 times per day, impacting their subsequent behaviors
integrating feedback with frequently performed activities (such as checking the time) provides a promising path for self-monitoring tools
results
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participants were more likely to initiate a new walk
when seeing a low number of steps in the last hour
Participants who saw they walked 10 min or less over the past hour had a 77% chance of starting a new walk in the next 5 min
results
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participants would take an average of 5 minutes to start a new walk, and walk 394 steps, when seeing themselves ahead or behind others, up to 500 steps
participants were more likely to initiate a new
walk when closely ahead or behind of others
results
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results usage sessions
participants walked and engaged less while using
Gardy as compared to any other watchfaces
Normly
122TickTock
110
Goal Completion
108
Gardy
86
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results daily step count per interface
Normly
5460TickTock
5150Goal Completion
5340
Gardy
3760
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1200 steps
takeaways
Glance able feedback has a positive effect through its increased availability
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1200 steps
takeaways
glanceable displays should be carefully designed, as
they have high chances of being seen by others
glanceable interfaces should fit users self-identity and fashion
Consolvo et al., 2008
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1200 steps
takeaways
Future studies are needed to assess the long-term use and effects of these interfaces
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Exploring the Design Space of Glanceable Feedback for Physical Activity TrackersRuben Gouveia, Fábio Pereira, Evangelos Karapanos, Sean Munson & Marc Hassenzahl
1200 steps