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LABORATORIUM TEKNOLOGI PROSESJURUSAN TEKNIK KIMIA FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI INDUSTRIINSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SEPULUH NOPEMBER
Dosen Pembimbing : Prof. Dr. Ir. Mahfud. DEA
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Pendahuluan dan TinjauanPustaka
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Latar Belakang |Minyak Atsiri dari Akar Wangi
Meningkatkan Devisa sebagai negara ke 3 pengekspor akar wangi setelah Haiti danBourbon
Volume ekspor minyak akar wangiIndonesia berfluktuasi, karenakualitas yang kurang memadaia
Kebutuhan dunia akan minyak Atsiri yangmakin tinggi
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Tujuan Penelitian |Minyak Atsiri dari Akar Wangi
Mempelajari proses pengambilan minyak akar wangi(Vetiver oil) dengan metode steam-hydro distillationdan hydro distillation dengan pemanas microwave danmembandingkan hasil yang didapatkan denganmetode terdahulu yaitu hydro distillation dan steam-hydro distillation.
Mempelajari beberapa faktor yang berpengaruhterhadap rendemen dan mutu minyak akar wangi yangdihasilkan seperti :
Pengaruh perlakuan bahan (utuh dan dicacah)Pengaruh massa bahan (50 gr, 60 gr, 70 gr, 80
gr, dan 90 gr)
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Perumusan Masalah |Minyak Atsiri dari Akar Wangi
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Standar Mutu Minyak |Minyak Atsiri dari Akar Wangi
No Jenis uji Persyaratan
1 Keadaan
- Warna Kuning muda – coklat
kemerahan
- Bau Khas akar wangi
2 Bobot jenis 0,980 – 1,003
3 Indeks bias 20°C 1,520 – 1,530
4 Kelarutan dalam etanol
95%
1:1 jernih, seterusnya jernih
5 Bilangan asam 10 – 35
6 Bilangan ester 5 – 26
7 Bilangan ester setelah
asetilasi
100 -50
8 Vetiverol total, % Minimum 50
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Kandungan Minyak |Minyak Atsiri dari Akar Wangi
Komponen Indonesia (%)
Pre-zizaene 0.8
Khusimene 3.0
α-amorphene 4.2
Cis-eudesma—6,11-diene 2.4
α-amorphene 3.5
β-vetispirene 2.7
γ-cadinene 0.7
γ-vetivenene 5.1
β-vetivenene 5.2
α-calacorene 0.7
Cis-eudesm-6-en-11-ol 1.1
Khusimone 2.6
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m
Kandungan Minyak |Minyak Atsiri dari Akar Wangi
Ziza-6(13)-en-3-one 2.1
Khusinol 2.4
Khusian-2-ol 1.3
Vetiselinenol 1.0
Cyclocopacamphan-12-ol 0.3
2-epi-ziza-6(13)-3 α-ol 1.1
Isovalencenal 1.0
β-vetivone 6.0
Khusimol 9.7
Nootkatone -
α-vetivone 4.0
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Kandungan Minyak |Minyak Atsiri dari Akar Wangi
Isovalencenol 4.4
Bicyclovetivenol -
Zizanoic acid 3.3
Hydrocarbons 28.3
Alcohols 21.3
Carbonyl compounds 17.7
Carboxylic acids 3.3
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Penelitian Sebelumnya|Minyak Atsiri dari Akar Wangi
Heyne K (1987)
Bagian tumbuhan
Akar wangi yang
bisa diambil
minyaknya adalah
bagian akar.
Martinez J (2004)
Kandungan
zat pada Minyak
Akar wangi
(tabel 3)
Galih Adhi(2010)
Makin kecil
ukuran
bahan, makin
besar
%Rendemen
Kadar air
berpengaruh
pada
%Rendemen
Anggoro(2010)
Pengambilan
Minyak metode
Hydro Distillation
memiliki
%rendemen lebih
banyak dari Steam
Distillation
Waktu Ekstraksi
adalah 10 jam
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Metodelogi Penelitian
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Bahan|Minyak Atsiri dari Akar Wangi
Akar Wangi AirEthanol 90% Larutan KOH 0.1 N Indikator PP
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Alat yang Digunakan|Minyak Atsiri dari Akar Wangi
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Prosedur Penelitian
Dicacah dan Utuh
Massa 50 gr dkk + air 450 ml
320 C
dan
Daya dan suhu
Waktu tetes pertamaTampung tiap 1 JamWaktu selama 5 jam
Dimasukanpadatabungreaksi
Air
Minyak
DilakukanAnalisa
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Variabel|Minyak Atsiri dari Akar Wangi
MetodeBahan baku Akar Wangi
Perlakuan Bahan Baku
Massa
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Analisa|Minyak Atsiri dari Akar Wangi
Pengukuran RendemenAnalisa % Vertiverol menggunakan GCMS
Analisa Berat Jenis
Analisa Indeks Bias
Analisa Bilangan Asam
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Hasil Percobaan danPembahasan
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Pengaruh Kondisi Bahan Terhadap % Rendemen Pada Metode Steam-Hydro Distillation
0
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
0 1 2 3 4 5
% R
end
emen
Waktu Distillasi (jam)
50 gram cacah
60 gram cacah
70 gram cacah
80 gram cacah
90 gram cacah
0
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
0 1 2 3 4 5
% R
end
emen
Waktu Distillasi (jam)
50 gram Utuh
60 gram Utuh
70 gram Utuh
80 gram Utuh
90 gram Utuh
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Pengaruh Kondisi Bahan Terhadap % Rendemen Pada Metode Hydro Distillation
0
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
0 1 2 3 4 5
% R
en
de
me
n
Waktu Distillasi (jam)
50 gram Cacah
60 gram Cacah
70 gram Cacah
80 gram Cacah
90 gram Cacah
0
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
0 1 2 3 4 5
% R
end
emen
Waktu Distillasi (jam)
50 gram Utuh
60 gram Utuh
70 gram Utuh
80 gram Utuh
90 gram Utuh
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Pengaruh Waktu Distilasi Terhadap % Rendemen Pada Metode Steam-Hydro Distillation dan Hydro Distillation
0
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
0 1 2 3 4 5
% R
end
emen
Waktu Distillation (jam)
50 gram cacah
60 gram cacah
70 gram cacah
80 gram cacah
90 gram cacah
0
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
0 1 2 3 4 5
% R
en
de
me
n
Waktu Distillation (jam)
50 gram Cacah
60 gram Cacah
70 gram Cacah
80 gram Cacah
90 gram Cacah
Steam-Hydro Distillation Hydro Distillation
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Pengaruh Metode Terhadap % Rendemen
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Grafik Spesific Gravity Minyak Akar Wangi
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Grafik Indeks Bias Minyak Akar Wangi
1.518
1.52
1.522
1.524
1.526
1.528
1.53
1.532
45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90
Ind
eks
Bia
s
Massa Bahan (Gr)
SNI Max
SNI Min
Hydro Distillation Cacah
Hydro Distillation Utuh 5 cm
Steam-Hydro Distillation Cacah
Steam-Hydro Distillation
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Grafik Bilangan Asam Minyak Akar Wangi
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Kandungan Utama Minyak Akar Wangi
No Komponen
Komposisi (% Area)
Steam-hydro
distillation
Hydro
distillation
1 Khusimone - 1,43
2 α-vetivone 7,06 6,37
3 β-vetivone 5,31 1,98
4 trisiklovetiverol 18,61 9,24
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Perbandingan dengan PemanasanKonvensional
No Parameter
Dengan microwave Tanpa microwave
Steam-
hydro
distillation
Hydro
distillation
Steam-
hydro
distillation
Hydro
distillation
1 %rendemen
kumulatif
1,83 1,76 0,2574 0,3411
2 Specific gravity 1,071 0,984 0,982 0,984
3 Indeks bias 1,5221-
1,527
1,5221-
1,527
1,55-1,58 1,54-1,59
4 Bilangan asam 28,11 21,08 Tidak
terdata
Tidak
terdata
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Kesimpulan dan Saran
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Kesimpulan|Minyak Atsiri dari Akar Wangi
Akar wangi yang dicacah menghasilkan% rendemen minyak lebih besar.
Metode microwave steam-hydrodistillation menghasilkan minyak yanglebih sesuai dengan properti fisik dan kimistandar SNI daripada metode hydrodistillation.
Minyak akar wangi hasil ekstraksidengan pemanfaatan microwave lebih baiksecara kualitas dan kuantitas dibandingkanekstraksi tanpa microwave.
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Saran|Minyak Atsiri dari Akar Wangi
Perlu penelitian lebih lanjut dalampengembangan modifikasi microwave terutamadalam kontrol temperatur dan daya agarkondisi operasi stabil.
Untuk akar wangi diperlukan pemahamantentang penanaman, panen, pasca panen, danpra penyulingan agar diperoleh rendemen yanglebih baik secara kuantitas dan kualitas.
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Terima Kasih AtasPerhatian, saran dan
Masukannya.