Download - Fainks Rossouw
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ROAD SAFETY OF INTERNATIONAL ROAD USERS ON THE GOLD COAST
FAINKS ROSSOUWSenior Transport Planner
SMEC
12-15 August 2014
DR. DAVID LOGANSenior Research FellowMonash University Accident Research Centre
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• Introduction
– Scope and reason for the study
– Broad methodology
• Literature Review
– What was reviewed
– Main themes
– Findings
• Data Analysis
– Data sources
– Findings
• Interventions
ROAD SAFETY OF INTERNATIONAL ROAD USERS ON THE GOLD COAST
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• Background
– City of Gold Coast hosting 2018 Commonwealth Games
– Increase in international visitors
– What does this mean for Road Safety
– What are the appropriate responses
• Scope
– Identify differences in the road safety of international road users compared to
non-visitors;
– Identify reasons and contributing factors behind the differences;
– Identify intervention options that can most usefully be applied to address the
deficiencies in safety
Introduction
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• Methodology
– Literature review
– Review of selected primary data
• Road safety at or near venues
• Road safety in general
– Best or most effective responses to address different risk profiles
Introduction
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• International Visitors and Road Safety
– Limited data
– Relatively small numbers of visitor deaths on Australian roads overall
– Tourists not being identified as a separate user group
– A general reluctance by the tourism industry to highlight health and safety issues
– Lack of a legal requirement to warn visitors of the risks associated with driving on Australian roads (unlike many other areas of tourist activity)
Literature Review
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• Motorcyclists and Pedestrians
– Those born overseas were no more likely to be involved in serious road crashes than those born in Australia
– Even though drivers and passengers were no more likely to be involved in serious crashes, pedestrians were significantly more at risk
– Possible explanations include the lack of spatial risk cues for pedestrians
Literature Review
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• Fatigue
– Contributing factor in 4.2% of serious crashes for international visitors, compared to only 2.2% for Australian drivers.
• Unfamiliar surroundings
– International drivers were more likely to be involved in serious crashes involving failure to keep left and head on collisions than local drivers –Different side of the road
– Failure to keep left contributing factor in 9.4% of serious crashes between for international visitors, compared to only 2.1% for Australian drivers.
– Fatigue and failure to keep left present higher factors than unfamiliar vehicles
Literature Review
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• Disorientation - significant difference in the percentage of crashes involving international visitors for the following types of crashes
• Angle crashes
• Sideswipe crashes
• Head on crashes
• Single vehicle hit object type crashes
• Other risk factors
– Speeding was not found to be a risk factor in international visitors’ behaviour
– International drivers were less likely to be involved in crashes where alcohol was a contributing factor
– More likely not to wear a seatbelt than Australian drivers
Literature Review
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• Rugby World Cup
– NZ 2012
– Auckland and Wellington
• No trends for crashes in the vicinity of the World Cup Venues
• No trends looking at vehicle license types
– High risk factors.
• Crashes around RWC venues (Auckland and Wellington) and in all of NZ for high risk crash factors (Unfamiliar conditions and fatigue) - Sept to October
Data Analysis
2010 2011 2012
Auckland RWC venue 2 1 2
Wellington RWC venue 1 1 3
All of NZ 238 229 222
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• Crashes involving international visitors - Brisbane and the Gold Coast
– Crashes per Year – Brisbane and Gold Coast City
Data Analysis
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Brisbane City – All Crashes 6,135 5,928 6,049 5,838 5,830 - -
Brisbane City – Serious Crashes 1,312 1,339 1,411 1,395 1,401 1,271 1,261
Gold Coast City – All Crashes 2,059 2,226 2,402 2,370 2,248 - -
Gold Coast City – Serious
Crashes
557 571 602 593 562 521 526
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• Crashes involving international visitors - Brisbane and the Gold Coast
– Percentage of Crashes Attributable to Non-Australian License Holders
•
Data Analysis
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• Percentage of all Crash Types – Brisbane
• Percentage of Crash Types (non-Australian license holders) – Brisbane
Data Analysis
Crash - Nature No %
Angle 10213 ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| 34.3%
Rear-end 8149 ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| 27.4%
Hit object 5428 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| 18.2%
Sideswipe 1741 |||||||||||||||||| 5.8%
Hit parked vehicle 1517 |||||||||||||||| 5.1%
Hit pedestrian 1342 |||||||||||||| 4.5%
Fall from vehicle 550 |||||| 1.8%
Head-on 393 ||||| 1.3%
Overturned 283 |||| 1.0%
Other 146 || 0.5%
Hit animal 18 | 0.1%
Crash - Nature No %
Angle 192 ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| 48.9%
Rear-end 104 ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| 26.5%
Hit object 53 ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| 13.5%
Sideswipe 16 ||||||||| 4.1%
Hit parked vehicle 11 ||||||| 2.8%
Hit pedestrian 6 |||| 1.5%
Head-on 5 |||| 1.3%
Fall from vehicle 5 |||| 1.3%
Overturned 1 || 0.3%
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• Percentage of all Crash Types – Gold Coast
• Percentage of Crash Types (non-Australian license holders) – Gold Coast
Data Analysis
Crash - Nature No %
Angle 75 ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| 46.9%
Rear-end 45 ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| 28.1%
Hit object 15 ||||||||||||||||||||| 9.4%
Hit pedestrian 7 |||||||||| 4.4%
Hit parked vehicle 6 ||||||||| 3.8%
Head-on 5 |||||||| 3.1%
Sideswipe 4 |||||| 2.5%
Fall from vehicle 2 |||| 1.3%
Overturned 1 || 0.6%
Crash - Nature No %
Angle 3321 ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| 29.4%
Rear-end 2850 ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| 25.2%
Hit object 2660 ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| 23.5%
Hit parked vehicle 755 |||||||||||||||||||||||| 6.7%
Sideswipe 510 |||||||||||||||| 4.5%
Hit pedestrian 505 |||||||||||||||| 4.5%
Head-on 236 |||||||| 2.1%
Fall from vehicle 218 |||||||| 1.9%
Overturned 188 ||||||| 1.7%
Other 48 || 0.4%
Hit animal 14 | 0.1%
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• The prevalence of angle crashes is higher in both Brisbane and the Gold Coast for non-Australian license holders
• In the Gold Coast the percentage of head on crashes attributable to non-Australian license holders was 3.1%, compared to just 2.1 percent overall
• Non-Australian license holders have a higher risk for angle collisions
– which may be attributed to vehicles approaching from the “wrong” side of an intersection,
– or drivers misjudging entering intersections for other reasons.
Data Analysis
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• Single Vehicle Crashes – Gold Coast – Non Australian license holders
• Single Vehicle Crashes – Gold Coast – All license holders
• Non-Australian license holders only half as likely to be involved in a single vehicle crash compared to all licence holders
Data Analysis
Crash - Type No %
Multi-Vehicle 129 ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| 80.6%
Single Vehicle 24 |||||||||||||||||||| 15.0%
Hit pedestrian 7 |||||| 4.4%
Crash - Type No %
Multi-Vehicle 6917 ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| 61.2%
Single Vehicle 3821 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| 33.8%
Hit pedestrian 505 |||||||| 4.5%
Other 62 || 0.5%
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• High risk factors – Gold Coast – Non Australian license holders
• High risk factors– Gold Coast – All license holders
• Non-Australian license holders are less likely to be involved in high risk behaviours such as speeding or driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs
Data Analysis
Crash - Contributing factors No %
Drink Driving - Illegal BAC 15 ||||||||||||||||||| 3.8%
Fatigue related 13 ||||||||||||||||| 3.3%
Speed Related - driver 11 |||||||||||||| 2.8%
Crash - Contributing factors No %
Alcohol/drug Related 1849 ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| 16.4%
Drink Driving - Illegal BAC 1268 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| 11.2%
Speed Related - driver 648 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| 5.7%
Fatigue related 411 ||||||||||||||||||||||| 3.6%
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• High risk factors – Gold Coast – Non Australian license holders
• High risk factors – Gold Coast – All license holders
• Non-Australian license holders may still be more at risk to accidents because of the unfamiliar road environment,
• The data does not point to unfamiliarity with the vehicle itself to be contributing to significantly more crashes
Data Analysis
Crash - Contributing factors No %
Illegal Manoeuvre 83 ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| 21.1%
Disobey Traffic Light/Sign 62 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| 15.8%
Fail to Give Way or Stop 50 ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| 12.7%
Crash - Contributing factors No %
Illegal Manoeuvre 1516 ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| 13.4%
Fail to Give Way or Stop 1261 ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| 11.2%
Disobey Traffic Light/Sign 770 ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| 6.8%
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• Previous International Experience
– Taking adequate rests between journeys, or not embarking on a long drive shortly after arriving in Australia
– Familiarising themselves with Australiana road rules
– Familiarising themselves with their rental car
– Being mindful of the effects of jet-lag when arriving in Australia
– Plan to drive in daylight hours
– Build in rest stops every two hours to counter driver fatigue
Proposed Interventions
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• Findings for Queensland
– No prevalence of increased crashes at or near venues of sporting events.
– Therefore, when considering the 2018 Commonwealth Games, it would be prudent to review the venue specific travel plans in advance of the Games
– Communication strategy in advance of the Games
– International visitors have historically been less inclined to use seatbelts,
– A good practise guide can be developed for implementation by rental car agencies, targeting seatbelt use by international visitors.
– Fatigue is a contributing factor
– Driving on the opposite side of the road has been found to be a risk factor
– International visitors are more likely to be involved in angle type crashes.
– Pedestrians should be reminded to “Look Right” by having these warnings pained on the pavement at major intersections.
– International visitors are not more likely to engage in high risk behaviours such as speeding or driving under the influence of alcohol
– Visitor education should be encouraged throughout their stay, starting with signage at their arrival at the airport, in rental cars and at their accommodation
Proposed Interventions
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ROAD SAFETY OF INTERNATIONAL ROAD USERS ON THE GOLD COAST
Questions