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Alkali Metals:
• Address: Group 1
• Family members: Lithium, Sodium, Potassium, Rubidium, Cesium, and Francium.
• Physical Characteristics: Shiny, malleable,
• Chemical Characteristics: Highly Reactive, give up one electron.
Background Information
Parent: Johan August Arfvedson
Birthplace: Sweden, 1817
Gender: Alkali Earth Metals
Physical Description
Symbol: Li
Neutrons: 4
Atomic Mass: 6.941
Melting Point: 181o C
Density: 0.535g/cm3
Protons: 3
Electrons: 3
Atomic Number: 3
Boiling Point: 1342˚C
Looks: silvery white metal
Chemical Description
Valence Electrons: 1
Ion: Li+1
Oxidation Number: +1
Reactivity:
Attributes
Positive: Out of any solid element, Lithium has the highest specific heat
Negative: Lithium is not used for structural applications
Compounds
LiCl – Lithium Chloride
LiF – Lithium Fluoride
LiH – Lithium Hydride
Lithium Sources
• http://www.azom.com/details.asp?ArticleID=3503
• http://www.bipolar-lives.com/who-discovered-lithium.html
• http://www.webelements.com/lithium/compounds.html
Sodium
Protons: 11
Electrons: 11
Neutrons: 12
Symbol: Na
Atomic Mass: 22.99 amu Atomic Number: 11 Melting Point: 97.72 °C Boiling Point: 883 °C Density: 0.971 g/cm3
Parents: Sir Humphrey Davy Birth Place: EnglandBirth Date: 1807Gender: Alkali Metal
Sodium• Positive Attributes: Metallic sodium is vital in
the manufacture of esters and in the preparation of organic compounds. The metal may also be used to improve the structure of certain alloys.
• Negative Attributes: Sodium is potentially explosive in water (depending on quantity) and is a caustic poison, since it is rapidly converted to Sodium Hydroxide on contact with moisture.
Compounds:
1.) Sodium Chloride – makes common table salt
2.) Soda Ash – is made up of sodium, carbon, and oxygen.
3.) Baking Soda – is made up of hydrogen, sodium, carbon, and oxygen.
Chemical Description:
Valence Electrons: One
Ion: Na+1
Oxidation Number: +1
Reactivity: Very Reactive
Sodium Sources
• http://www.webelements.com/sodium/
• http://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/na.html
• http://www.webelements.com/sodium/
• http://www.healthydiningfinder.com/img/n101-sodium.jpg
Potassium
Background Information:
Parent: Sir Humphrey Davy
Birth Place: England
Birth Date: 1807
Gender: Alkali Metal
Description:
Symbol: K Protons: 19
Neutrons: 20 Electrons: 19
Atomic Mass: 39.0983 Atomic Number: 19
Melting Point: 63oC Boiling Point: 770oC
Density: 0.862g/cm3 Looks: Soft and Silvery
PotassiumChemical Description:
Valence Electrons: One
Ion: K+1
Oxidation Number: +1
Reactivity: Very Reactive
Compounds: 1. potassium bromide (Potassium and Bromine- camera
film)2. potassium hydroxide (Potassium, Oxygen, and
Hydrogen- paint remover) 3. potassium nitrate (Potassium, Nitrogen, and 3 parts
Oxygen- Explosives)
Attributes:
Positive: Helps balance fluids in cells, plants need it to grow, and has nutrients for both plants and humans
Negative: Can be used to make explosives
Potassium Sources
• http://www.chemistryexplained.com/elements/L-P/Potassium.html
• http://www.hse.k12.in.us/staff/tpetersen/Periodic%20Table%20Website%20Project/elements/2/potassium/potassium.htm
• http://www.easycalculation.com/chemistry/elements/potassium.html
Rubidium Rubidium was born in 1861 by Bunsen and Kirchoff in the mineral lepidolite by use of the
spectroscope.
Gender: Metal
Physical: 37 Protons, 37 Electrons, 48 Neutrons.
Density: 1.532 g/cm3 Boiling point: 688 C Melting point: 39.3 C Specific Heat: . 363J g-1 K-1 Heat of vaporization: 72.216 kJ mol-1
Chemical Description: 1 Valence electron, ion +1, oxidation number: 1, Very reactive.
Compounds: Halides, oxides, sulfides.
Positive Attributes: carries small amounts of nutrients to the bodies organs.
Negative Attributes: Women who are nursing or pregnant should, as a precaution, refrain from taking rubidium supplements unless having first talked with their physician.
Rubidium Sources
• http://periodic.lanl.gov/elements/37.html
• http://www.rsc.org/chemsoc/visualelements/Pages/data/rubidium_data.html
CesiumParents: Gustav KirchhoffBirth Place: DurkheimBirth Date: 1860Gender: Alkali Metal
Protons: 55
Electrons: 55
Neutrons: 78
Symbol: Cs
Atomic Mass: 132.91 amuAtomic Number: 55 Melting Point: 28.5 °C Boiling Point: 678.4 °CDensity: 1.873 g/cm3
Cesium
• Positive Attributes: Can be used as a catalyst in the hydrogenation of certain organic compounds. Also removes air traces in vacuum tubes.
• Negative Attributes: Liquid at room temperature.
Chemical Description:
Valence Electrons: One
Ion: Cs+1
Oxidation Number: +1
Reactivity: Very Reactive
Compounds:
1.) Cesium Graphite – where the metal atoms position themselves between the planes of carbon atoms in the graphite crystal structure.
2.) Cesium Nitrate – is used as oxidizer to burn Silicon in infrared flares like the LUU-19 flare.
3.) Cesium Fluoride – is widely used in organic chemistry as a base.
Cesium Sources
• http://periodic.lanl.gov/elements/55.html
• http://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/cs.html
• http://www.cs.rochester.edu/~nelson/cesium/cesium_compounds.html
Francium
Francium was born in 1939 by Mlle. Marguerite Perey of the Curie institute, Paris.
Gender: Metal
Physical Description: 87 Protons, 87 Elections, 136 Neutrons
Boiling point: 677 C, Melting point: 27 C
Chemical Description: 1 Valence electron, +1 ion, 1 oxidation number, Very reactive.
Because Francium is so rare its chemical and physical properties are not known.