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Family and housing valueDoes the value of housing run in the family?
Annika Smits
Francesca Michielin
Fourth International Conference on
Population Geographies
Hong Kong, July 10-13 2007
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1. Introduction
‘Children are similar to their parents’
Social stratification research: Education Income
Housing research: Housing quality (Jenkins & Maynard 1983) Tenure (Henretta 1984)
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2. Hypothesis
All else equal, the value of the parents’ house and that of their adult children are positively related
Controls: Characteristics of the parents (income, household
status, tenure, number of children) Individual characteristics (age, gender, income,
household status, having children, migrant status) Log distance to the parents * value of the parents’
house
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3. Data (1): source
Social Statistical Database 2003
Register data on the whole Netherlands population (N=16,494,457)
Value of homes registered in euros for 89% (N=14,685,151)
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3. Data (2): housing value
WOZ=value of property used for taxes, based on
Type of property Neighborhood Year built Size Price of similar property
WOZ is calculated for ALL property, also rented property
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3. Data (3): Selection Persons living in the Netherlands Age 18-55 Housing value of at least one parent Not living in institutions No students Housing values between 10,000 and 1,000,000 euros
N=4,162,281
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4. Method
Multivariate Regression Analyses of housing value
Model 1: value of the parents house
Model 2: value of the parents house + characteristics of the parents
Model 3: value of the parents house + characteristics of the parents + characteristics of the child
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5. Results (1)
Effect significant at .01 level
B Beta Constant Value parents
109.58 .21
.228
N R2
4162281 0.052
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5. Results (2)
Effects significant at .01 level
B Beta Constant Value parents Income parents (ref=low) Missing Negative Medium High Parents homeowner Household status parents (ref=together) Split Widowed Number of siblings
107.73 .22
-24.00 -20.56
-5.23 -15.68
6.35
-6.45 18.26
.35
.244
-.034 -.012 -.032 -.096 .042
-.034 .102 .009
N R2
4162281 0.075
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5. Results (3)
Effects significant at .01 level^ = not significant
B Beta Constant Value parents Parents income (ref=low) No Negative Medium High Parents homeowner Parents household status (ref=together) Split Widowed Number of siblings Log distance * value parents Age Age2 Female
20.27 .21
-2.87 2.11
-.0037^
1.32 6.51
-1.21 3.44 -.82
-.0032 2.15
-.0036 10.60
.232
-.004 .001
-.000^
.008
.043
-.006 .019
-.021 -.017 .242
-.032 .070
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5. Results (3 continued) B Beta Income (ref=low) Missing Negative Medium High Have child(ren) Missing Household status (ref=married) Single Cohabiting Divorced Widowed Migrant status (ref=nonmigrant) First generation migrant Second generation migrant
5.72
58.78 1.69
23.86 12.96 22.57
-32.91 -13.36 -37.78 -21.56
-15.12 -1.131
.0212 .0642 .0103 .1435 .0841 .0221
-.1579 -.0682 -.1110 -.0206
-.0438 -.0037
N R2
4162281 0,216
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Thank you for your attention