Download - Family Influences
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Mosby items and derived items 2009, 2005 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Family Influences on Child HealthPromotion
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Family
Is whatever a person considers it to be
Consanguineous: blood relationship
Affinal: marital relationship
Family of origin: family unit born into
Household is used frequently toaccommodate an increasing variety of family
styles
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Family Systems Theory
General systems theory:
The family is a system that continually interactswith its members and the environment
Emphasis on interaction Problems do not lie in any one member but in the
type of interactions used by the family
Important factors include adaptability and
boundaries Family system functions within a larger system
composed of the extended family, the subculture,the culture, and society
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Family Stress Theory
Families encounter stressors, bothpredictable and unpredictable
With too many stressors for family to cope
adequately, a crisis ensues
Adaptation requires a change in familystructure and/or interaction
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Developmental Theory
Addresses family change over time
Duvalls family life-cycle stages (Box 3-1)
Family is a semiclosed system that interacts with
larger social system Age of oldest child marks stage transitions
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Family Structure
Traditional nuclear married couple and their
biologic children Nuclear Two parents and their children
Blended at least one step parent/sibling orhalf-sibling
Extended at least one parent, one or morechildren, and one or more members otherthan parent or sibling
Single-parent Binuclear continue parenting role while
terminating the spousal unit
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Family Structure (Continued)
Polygamous conjugal unit extended byaddition of spouses (not legally sanctioned inthe United States)
Communal collective security, sharedhomemaking and childrearing responsibilities
Gay/Lesbian legal or common-law tie
between two persons of the same sex whohave children
Mosby items and derived items 2009, 2005 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
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Family Roles and Relationships
Parental roles
Role learning through socialization
Family size and configuration affect parenting
Small families emphasize the individual, largerfamilies emphasize the group
Sibling interactions
Birth position (See Box 3-4)
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Sibling Interactions
FIG. 3-3 Older school-age childrenoften enjoy taking responsibility for thecare of a younger sibling.
FIG. 3-4 Fraternal twins.
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Parenting
Motivation
Adults expected to become parents and to begratified by the experience
Preparation Generational continuity
Transition to parenthood
Drastic life changes with birth of first child
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Factors Affecting Transition toParenthood
Parental age
Fathers involvement
Parenting education
Support systems
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Fathers Involvement
FIG. 3-7 Learning new rolestogether as a mother and father canenhance parenting relationships.
FIG. 3-5 Fathers who assume careof their children may feel morecomfortable and successful in theirparenting role.
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Limit Setting
Establishing rules for behavior
Positive and necessary
Serves useful functions, helping children:
Test limits of control
Achieve in appropriate areas and levels
Channel undesirable feelings constructively
Protect selves from danger Learn socially acceptable behavior
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Discipline Minimizing misbehavior
Reasoning
Behavior modification (positive and negativereinforcement)
Strategy of consequences Natural, logical, unrelated
Time-out
Corporal punishment Causes dramatic decrease in the behavior but
teaches child that violence is acceptable, mayphysically harm child, child gets accustomed to
spanking
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Using Time-Out
FIG. 3-8 Time-out is an excellent disciplinarystrategy for young children.
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Special Parenting Situations
The adopted child:
Issues of origin
Cross-racial and international adoptions
Adolescence
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Adoptive Sisters
FIG. 3-9 An older sister lovingly embraces her adopted sister.
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Parenting and Divorce
Impact on children
Age- and sex-related responses
Telling the children
Custody and parenting partnerships
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Single Parenting
Single fathers
Reconstituted families
Cooperative parenting relationships is key!
Parenting in dual-earner families
Working mothers
Foster parenting