Famous Intellectuals
Famous Visionaries
Famous Protectors
Famous Creators
20 Formative Bonus Points to the
winning group
Perspectives on Personality1. Students are able to: -Evaluate psychodynamic theories -Evaluate trait theories -Evaluate humanistic theories -Evaluate social–cognitive theories
Assessment of Personality2. Students are able to: -Differentiate personality assessment techniques -Discuss the reliability and validity of personality assessment techniques
Issues in personality3. Students are able to: -Discuss biological and situational influences -Discuss self-concept -Analyze how individualistic and collectivistic cultural perspectives relate to personality
4. Identify key contributors to personality theory (e .g ., Alfred Adler, Albert Bandura, Paul Costa and Robert McCrae, Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers)
Unit 6 Personality Essential Topics
Personality Assessments and Projection tests
Interviews
Observation
Questionnaires
Projective tests
How can we measure personality?
Often used in combination
Personality Assessments and Projection tests
The Interviews
In an interview questions are used to gain information about an individual’s personal history, personality traits, or current psychological state.
In an unstructured interview conversation is very informal and topics are taken up freely as they come up
In a structured interview the interviewer gets their information by asking a planned series of questions
Personality Assessments and Projection tests
The InterviewsInterviews make it possible to not only get the answers to the questions, but to also observe a person’s tone of voice, hand gestures, posture, and facial expressions.
What do you think are the most affective interview questions you could ask?
Body language is key in an interview.
Personality Assessments and Projection tests
Can be easily swayed by preconceptions.
An interviewer’s personality can influence client behavior.
People can be deceived in interviews
Halo effect uses generalizations to unrelated details of personality.
Have limitations
Direct Observation
Psychologists can make observations of people interacting with others
Looking at behavior.
People watching
Direct Observation
In order to limit the misconceptions, an observer can use a rating scale to help limit the chance that some traits will be overlooked.
Misconceptions can be just as harmful in direct observation as in interviews.
Personality Questionnaires
Most are standardized so that scores are not impacted by opinion or prejudice
Questionnaires are much more objective than interviews or observation
Projective tests of personality
Projective tests attempt to uncover deeply hidden or unconscious wishes, thoughts, and needs
In a projective test, a person is asked to describe ambiguous stimuli or make up stories
Projective Tests
One of the oldest and most widely used projective test.
A person is asked to describe what they see in the inkblot
Sometimes, the part of the image they describe is more telling than the overall description
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Projective Tests
They can allow for psychologists to detect emotional disturbances by observing how a person perceives the world.
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Projective Tests
Instead of ambiguous inkblots, the TAT uses sketches depicting various scenes and life situations.
Those tested are shown a scene or image and asked to make up a story about the people in it
Thematic Apperception Test TAT
Projective Tests
TATs are especially good at revealing feelings about a person’s social relationships
**Although projective tests are popular, their validity is considered quite low
Thematic Apperception Test TAT
Rorschach Inkblot Test Thematic Apperception Test
Trial 1Please write your description of what you see. Be specific
Trial 1Please make up a story about the people in the sketch
Trial 2 Trial 2
Trial 3 Trial 3
Trial 4 Trial 4
Trial 5 Trial 5
Trial 6 Trial 6
Rorschach Inkblot 1
Rorschach Inkblot 2
Rorschach Inkblot 3
Rorschach Inkblot 4
Rorschach Inkblot 5
TAT 1
TAT 2
TAT 3
TAT 4
TAT 5
Big 5 personality traits
Psychology questionnaire
You have just seen multiple ways to test and project personality. We are going to take some time to create our own questionnaire that will test someone’s personality based on the Big 5 characteristics.
I would like for you to have at least 15 questions, and the more the better. You will be giving your test to a classmate when we are finished.
Example:If there is a new student in class, I always introduce myself.
Yes or No
If they answer yes, I could gather that they are high on the extrovert and conscientiousness scale.
Trait Theory Behavioristic Theory
Psychoanalytic TheoryHumanistic Theory
Theory Reflection
What is involved in each theory of human personality? People, theory summary, experiments, case studies, examples