Download - FCAT Review topic a 2015
FCAT Review topic a 2015 Topic 2:food webs/chains, mutualism,
limiting factors, energy transfer
Compare and contrast the relationships among organisms such as
mutualism, predation, parasitism, competition, and commensalism.
Producers, Consumers, Decomposers
Producers produce food through photosynthesis Consumers consume, or
eat, food. The 3 types of consumers are: Herbivores - eat only
plants (primary consumers) Carnivores - eat only meat (secondary
and/or tertiary consumers) Omnivores - consume both plants and meat
Decomposers break down dead or decaying organisms into nutrients
for the soil. These include fungi, bacteria, worms and some bugs.
Make a Food Web A food web is a more accurate depiction of how
energy moves through a community of organisms. Food chains show
only a single set of energy transfers, ignoring that many organisms
obtain energy from many different sources, and in turn may provide
energy to many different organisms. With a partner, create a food
web using the organisms provided. Limiting Factors Limiting Factor
Limiting Factors Organisms that do not have enough of these
limiting factors will have their population limited: Food Water
Shelter Space Disease Parasitism Predation Nesting sites Both
organisms benefit One organism benefits, the other organism is
unaffected One organism benefits, the other organism is harmed Last
one standing Everyone stands up. If you get the correct answer,
remain standing. If you get the wrong answer, sit down. The last
one standing wins. The cleaner fish eats parasites and food bits
out of the inside of this moray eel. It gets a meal and is
protected from predators by the fierce eel. A lichen is really two
organisms: algae and fungus
A lichen is really two organisms: algae and fungus. The fungus
needs food but cannot make it. The algae makes food but needs some
way to keep moist. The fungus forms a crust around the algae which
holds in moisture. Barnacles need a place to anchor
Barnacles need a place to anchor. They must wait for food to come
their way. Some barnacles hitch a ride on unsuspecting whales who
deliver them to a food source. This does not affect the whale in
any way. Bedbugs are small, nocturnal parasites that come out of
hiding at night to feed on unsuspecting humans. They feed
exclusively on blood! Their bites often result in an allergic
reaction. Mangrove trees are common to the Florida Everglades
Mangrove trees are common to the Florida Everglades. The tree roots
serve as a place for freshwater oysters to attach when the tide is
high, as shown in the picture below. The oysters are protected from
predators when attached to the roots underwater. The oysters do not
harm the trees nor do they provide any benefit to the trees. Which
relationship describes the relationship between the mangrove trees
and the oysters? The clown fish gains protection from the sea
anemone while helping to keep it clean. Topic 1: Interactions among
spheres and weather patterns
Differentiate and show interactions among the geosphere,
hydrosphere, cryosphere, atmosphere and biosphere. 6.E.7.5 Explain
how energy provided by the sun influences global patterns of
atmospheric movement and the temperature differences between air,
water, and land. spheres 10 types of interactions that can occur
within the earth system often occur as a series of chain reactions
one interaction leads to another interactionwhich leads to another
It is a ripple effect through the Earths spheres Your TURN A forest
fire may destroy all the plants in an area. (event biosphere) The
absence of plants could lead to an increase in erosion of soil.
(biosphere lithosphere) Increased amounts of soil entering streams
can lead to increased turbidity, or muddiness, of the water.
(lithosphere hydrosphere) Increased turbidity of stream water can
have negative impacts on the plants and animals that live in it.
(hydrosphere biosphere) geosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere,
atmosphere and biosphere
Forest firesoccurred in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming and
destroyed tremendous areas of the park. Below are some of the EVENT
SPHERE interactions discovered during an analysis of the
Yellowstone forest fires event.Can you name them? 1.A lack of
moisture in the soil and in vegetation may have provided a dry
environment in which the fires, once burning, could continue to
burn. geosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, atmosphere and
biosphere
Forest firesoccurred in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming 1988 and
destroyed tremendous areas of the park. Below are some of the EVENT
SPHERE interactions discovered during an analysis of the
Yellowstone forest fires event.Can you name them? 1.A lack of
moisture in the soil and in vegetation may have provided a dry
environment in which the fires, once burning, could continue to
burn. Event Hydrosphere geosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere,
atmosphere and biosphere
2.A lightning strike from the air may have started the fires by
igniting the dry vegetation. Event Atmosphere 3.Heat from the fire
may have further removed moisture from the air, soil, and
vegetation through the process of evaporation. Event Hydrosphere
geosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, atmosphere and biosphere
4.The intense heat from the fires may have caused some rocks to
break apart. Event Lithosphere 5.Gaseous pollutants such as carbon
dioxide (CO2) may have been produced during the burning of the
vegetation and carried into the air by the wind. Event Atmosphere
geosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, atmosphere and biosphere
6.Increased erosion of loose soil may have led to increased
sediments (i.e. soil particles) in streamwater, making the water
"muddier." Lithosphere Hydrosphere 7.A decrease in vegetation may
have resulted in increased soil erosion because there were fewer
roots to hold the soil in place. Lithosphere Biosphere geosphere,
hydrosphere, cryosphere, atmosphere and biosphere
8.Ash particles in the water may have clogged the gills of fish and
other aquatic organisms and choked them. Hydrosphere Biosphere
9.There may have been more precipitation in neighboring areas
because ash particles in the air may have become condensation
centers upon which raindrops could form. Hydrosphere Atmosphere
geosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, atmosphere and biosphere
10.Smoke in the air may have coated the lungs of animals--including
people--and affected their ability to breathe. Biosphere Atmosphere
How did you do? The END Cut Out SLIdes 34-38 for each group to make
a food web (on slide 14) Fox Deer Bear Ferret Mouse Grass
Food Web:Print this and the next 2 pages, cut and paste on a
separate sheet of paper