Download - Feline infectious disease control
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Feline Infectious Disease Control
Karen Hiestand BVSc MRCVSField Veterinary Officer (south)
Reg Charity 203644 (England and Wales) and SCO37711 (Scotland)
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Cats Protection
What Do We Do?•UK only charity
Education•Public •Veterinary Profession
Neutering•Early Neutering•Financial assistance•Ferals
Rehoming•Reuniting owned animals•Accepting strays and handed in cats•Rehabilitate and rehome
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Today's Talk - Overview
Why are infectious diseases a problem?
A few specific cases Cat ‘flu Feline Parvovirus Ringworm FeLV FIV
How we contain disease
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Why do cats in shelters get sick?
Immune System!!! Stress Host susceptibility Transient population Different bugs from
different places Shelter environment
factors Population density
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Cat ‘flu
What is it?
Feline herpesvirus (FHV)Feline calicivirus (FCV)Chlamydophila felisBordetella bronchiseptica
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Cat ‘fluClinical Signs
Sneezing Runny nose and eyes Conjunctivitis High temperature Quiet and subdued Loss of appetite Dribbling A cough or loss of voice Gingivo-stomatitis Lameness
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Feline herpesvirus
Feline rhinotracheitis virus Who’s got herpes? Cats will be lifelong ‘carriers’
Virus shedding Shedding may last up to 14 days Virus survives in environment for only
18hrs
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Infectious Diseases – Cat ‘flu
Feline herpesvirus
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Feline herpesvirus
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Feline calicivirus
Constantly mutates – clever! Virus survives in the environment for up to 10d Cats can become ‘carriers’
50% still shedding 75 days after infection Most cats stop shedding 1 year after infection Some will be lifelong carriers - without symptoms!
20-30% of cat population estimated tobe shedding
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Infectious Diseases – Cat ‘flu
Feline calicivirus
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Feline calicivirus (VSD)
New strain known as ‘Virulent Systemic Disease’ Swelling of head and paws Flu signs Jaundice Bleeding from nose and bowel Death
All ages can get it Even Vaccinated cats
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Chlamydophilosis
A bacteria So likes to piggy back on viruses Got to treat it right or it sticks around Easy to kill in environment Spread by direct contact only
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Infectious Diseases – Cat ‘flu
Feline chlamydophilosis
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Cat ‘flu
What do you do??
VACCINATE
Isolate and barrier nurseGood nursing careCan’t kill the virusAntibiotics for secondary infectionsDecongestants
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Feline Parvovirus
Also known as:parvo enteritispanleucopenia
What is it?VirusBad news
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Feline Parvovirus
Clinical SignsSudden death with no signsLack of appetiteHigh temperatureWeight lossSevere vomitingSevere diarrhoea with blood and mucusDehydration
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Feline Parvovirus
Greatest disease threat to any rescue
facilityVery high death rate, particularly in
unvaccinated kittens
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Feline Parvovirus
Diagnosis
Kitten post mortem Blood test Faecal sample
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Feline ParvovirusWhat do you do?
VACCINATE
Isolate and barrier nurse Good nursing care Can’t kill a virus Oral fluids Antibiotics for secondary infections Vaccinate in face of outbreak Use the right disinfectants
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Infectious Diseases - Ringworm
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Ringworm
What is it? A fungus known as a dermatophyte It’s not gonna kill anyone, so why is it a big
problem?
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Ringworm
Clinical Signs
Hair loss Crusting and scaling Itching Can mimic other skin diseases Can look like anything – or nothing
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Infectious Diseases - Ringworm
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RingwormWhat do you do? Isolate and barrier nurse: spores Oral medication
Itraconazole (Itrafungol; Janssen) for 5 week course
Topical treatments Miconazole shampoo (Malaseb; VetXX), Enilconazole (Imaverol; Janssen), Lime sulphur
If long haired may need clipping Use the right disinfectants
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RingwormCP says:
3 CLEAR CULTURES BEFORE HOMING
Things to Remember: Ringworm spores can survive up to 2 years Appropriate disinfectants are: Bleach or Virkon
(Peroxygen compound) Steam cleaning
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FeLV
What is it? Feline Leukaemia Virus A retrovirus ‘Friendly’ disease spread If mum has it – all kittens will too Only survives for a few hours in the
environment
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FeLV
Clinical SignsRecurrent secondary infectionsHigh temperatureLethargyCancerous tumoursAnaemiaUsually young-middle aged cats
Photo courtesy of Fort Dodge Animal Health
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FeLV
What do you do? In house test egg Idexx snap test Confirm positive results
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FeLV
What do you do? Isolate suspected cases and barrier nurse Test all in contact cats 85% of infected cats die within 3 years of
infection CP euthanase confirmed FeLV positive
cats
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FIV
What is it?Feline Immunodeficiency virusA retrovirus‘Fighting’ disease spread by biting and fightingIf mum has it 1/3 of kittens will become infectedOnly survives for a few hours in the environment
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FIV
Clinical Signs Everything!! Recurrent secondary infections Weight loss High temperature Lethargy Gingivitis Diarrhoea Neurological disease Skin disease
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FIV
What do you do?Test all in contact catsSeparate CP PolicyIndoor homeEuthanasia for positive ferals and sick positive cats
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FeLV/FIV
Ideal to test everyone – cost issue
Which cats do CP test?Sick catsUnneutered adult tomsPregnant queensNursing queensKittens of FIV positive queensOrphan kittens Feral catsStray catsCats going communal areaAny cat known to have been in contact Any cat the vet is suspicious ofAny cat before it undergoes extensive treatmentor surgery
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CONTAINING DISEASE
Why know about the bugs??
What’s a Fomite?
We are the major source of infection transmission!!
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Containing Disease
Personal Protective Equipment Apron Gloves Oversuit Sleeves Overshoes Hat or hood on oversuit Mask? Goggles?
Idea is all items should be disposable
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Containing DiseaseThe 10 Commandments
1. Understand the disease you’re fighting2. Use a disinfectant that is effective against the disease.3. Deal with infectious cats last4. Wear and use Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)5. Use footbaths6. Have separate cleaning utensils per cat7. Use disposable litter trays and food bowls or return trays and bowls to
same cat8. Use disposable bedding or soak in disinfectant before washing on hot
cycle9. Wash contaminated bedding last and separate from other bedding10. Use knowledge of bug to decide what to do with environment
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Thank You!