Download - Female Offenders
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Female OffendersFemale Offenders
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Each group of special needs offenders has its unique problems.
And there are unique challenges supervising them.
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Female Offender ProblemsFemale Offender Problems
Female Offenders:• Have problems common to male offenders• Also have unique problems
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Some Female Offender Some Female Offender ProblemsProblems
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CBC and Parenting?CBC and Parenting?
CBCs promote constructive relationships between mothers and children.– Reduces next generation crime– New Trend: Similar approach with offender
fathers and their children
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Lenient Sentencing BiasLenient Sentencing Bias
• Are FOs more likely than male offenders to receive lenient sentences?
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Basis For BiasBasis For Bias
• Less Serious Crimes• General Bias
• Childcare Considerations• Welfare Costs• Concern For Future Criminality Of Children
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Women and CrimeWomen and Crime
• Arrests• Women 22% (4% increase)• Men 78%
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Drug Use and CrimeDrug Use and Crime
• Are women or men more likely to be under the influence of drugs when they commit crime?
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Gender and CrimeGender and Crime
• Are some crimes more common to women?
• What are they?
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FO ArrestsFO Arrests
• For which offenses are women most often arrested?
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FOs Expanding Criminal FOs Expanding Criminal HorizonsHorizons
• Are FOs branching out to other types of crimes?
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FOs and Violent CrimeFOs and Violent Crime
From 1984 until 1997:– FO serious violent crime increased 86%– Male serious violent crime decreased 5.6%
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Violent Crime IncarcerationViolent Crime Incarceration
Is there a difference in incarceration rates for violent crime comparing men and women?
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FO Incarceration GenerallyFO Incarceration Generally
For what type offenses are women most commonly incarcerated?
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Incarceration RatesIncarceration Rates
The number of FOs in prison increased 81% from 1990 to 1999.
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FOs in the CJ SystemFOs in the CJ System
• Even with increased in female crime, FOs are:• 6% of prison population• 21% of probationers• 12% of parolees
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Disparate OpportunitiesDisparate Opportunities
Have there been any differences in opportunities provided to female and male inmates, and probationers and parolees?
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Hot Trend in CJHot Trend in CJ
• Female crime is increasing.
• What impact will this have on the CJ system and CBC?
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Why Do FOs Commit Crime?Why Do FOs Commit Crime?
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FO DeficitsFO Deficits
Few Marketable Job SkillsMore Responsibilities and Demands Than
Men
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Some FO NeedsSome FO Needs
• Finances• Employment Skill Training• Child Care• Emotional Aspects of Child Care
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Dependent and Subservient Dependent and Subservient BehaviorBehavior
• Many FOs are still learning dependent behavior patterns.
• Many FOs assume subservient roles to males.
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IndependenceIndependence
FOs need __________ and ________ to be independent.
It might take courage to make your first skydive or give a speech to strangers.
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Community Based Programs Community Based Programs for Female Offendersfor Female Offenders
• Community based programs for FOs focus on:
Developing Economic Independence Effective Parenting Skills Survival Skills for Independent Living
• Ref: MML pages 342-43
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Economic AssistanceEconomic Assistance
Job Readiness TrainingVocational Training (now non-traditional)Job Development and PlacementFollow-Up Services
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Effective Parenting SkillsEffective Parenting Skills
• Nurturing• Patience• Setting Limits• Supervision• Appropriate Punishment
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Survival SkillsSurvival Skills
• Money Management• Locate and Use Community Resources• Administering Contractual Agreements
• Car Purchase, Rent Apartment, Credit Card Rates
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FO TX IssuesFO TX Issues
• Dependence• Lack of Self Trust (Competency)• Lack of Personal Responsibility
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FO TX ShortcomingsFO TX Shortcomings
FO TX has traditionally been lacking due to:– TX programs place PT in passive role
Can subvert TX goals
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Interesting QuoteInteresting Quote
“Fallen women don’t need to be put back on a pedestal. They need to learn to stand on their own two feet.”
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The Greatest Obstacle to The Greatest Obstacle to Female Offender AchievementFemale Offender AchievementWhat is the greatest obstacle to FO
achievement?
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Key Core Services for FOsKey Core Services for FOs
What are the key (core) services for FOs?
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Summary CommentsSummary Comments
1. While there has been a tendency to treat FOs more leniently, the less serious nature of female crime is a more significant determinant of CJ processing than gender.
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Summary CommentsSummary Comments
2. Most FOs must overcome disadvantages of social class and minority as well as gender in attempting to achieve self-sufficiency.