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AAC’08 Santa Cruz CA, July 27th - August 2nd
2008
Ferroelectric Based Technologies forAccelerators
A.Kanareykin Euclid TechLabs LLC, Rockville, MD
This work is supported by
the DOE, High Energy Physics
AAC’08, Santa Cruz CA, 2008
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AAC’08 Santa Cruz CA, July 27th - August 2nd
2008
A.Kanareykin, Euclid TechLabs LLC, Rockville, MD S.Kazakov, KEK, Tsukuba, Japan/Omega-P Inc., CT
E. Nenasheva, Ceramics Ltd., St. Petersburg, Russia, A.Tagantsev, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
V.Yakovlev, Fermi National Lab
PROJECT IN COLLABORATION WITH YALE/OMEGA-P, INC., FNAL, ORNL/SNS, ELTECH
UNI. and ANL/AWA
TEAM
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AAC’08 Santa Cruz CA, July 27th - August 2nd
2008
Outline
BST(M) ferroelectric: ultra fast switching material
Properties required for the accelerator applications
Material development: what have been done
Large diameter bars/rings fabrication
Testing by Omega-P, Inc.; L, X and Ka band designs
Parallel and transverse biasing field
Summary
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AAC’08 Santa Cruz CA, July 27th - August 2nd
2008 4
Ferroelectric Rings
A concept of phase shifter design (Omega-P, Inc.)
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AAC’08 Santa Cruz CA, July 27th - August 2nd
2008
Applications of tunability
- Telecommunications - power - mW - W
- Radars - power - W - kW
- Accelerator technique - power - (0.5 -200) MW
Materials development
for the US Department of Energy
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AAC’08 Santa Cruz CA, July 27th - August 2nd
2008
Applications of Ferroelectricsin Accelerator Technique
- RF tuning at X-band/Ka band
- RF tuning at L-band
- Fine tuning of dielectric structures
Tuning speed
low
10-20 ns
10-20 μs
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AAC’08 Santa Cruz CA, July 27th - August 2nd
2008
Requirements
- Permittivity
- Relative tunability
- Tuning dc field
- Loss tangent (10 GHz)
- Commutation time
- Size of elements
kV/cm5010
500300
%2010
cm105.0
20 ns - 20 μs
< 3× 10-
3 f/tanδ ~ const !
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AAC’08 Santa Cruz CA, July 27th - August 2nd
2008
FERROELECTRIC PROPERTIESFOR ACCELERATOR APPLICATIONS
- The dielectric constant should not exceed 300-500 to avoid problems caused by interference from high-order modes and extra wall losses.
- The dielectric constant should be variable by 15-20% to provide the required switching and tuning properties.
- Bias electric fields required to adjust the permittivity within this range should be reasonable, ~few 10’s of kV/cm - The loss tangent should be in the range of few10-3 or lower at 11-34 GHz to allow switching at 120-180 Hz rep rate.
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AAC’08 Santa Cruz CA, July 27th - August 2nd
2008
FERROELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- very short intrinsic response time of ~10–10 - 10-11 sec ( 1 ns for circuits)
- high dielectric breakdown strength of 150-200 kV/cm
- high vacuum compatibility
- easy mechanical treatment (similar to conventional ceramic)
Ferroelectrics should have the following properties to operate in high-power rf switching and tuning devices:
- - 300-500 [500-600 current, recently reduced to 200-250]- variation - 10% - 20% at 50 kV/cm, [15% - E┴, >30% E║]- DC field - 10’s of kV/cm loss [20-60 kV/cm tested]- tanδ~10-2-10-3 at 11-35 GHz [5×10-3 at X-band, 5 – 10 ×10-4 700 MHz ]
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AAC’08 Santa Cruz CA, July 27th - August 2nd
2008
Tuning of permittivity in ferroelectrics
dcE
RFE
)0(
)(
E
n
)0(
)()0(r
En
For small tuning (nr<<1)
3r )0(n
Ferroelectrics !!!
1)0(
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AAC’08 Santa Cruz CA, July 27th - August 2nd
2008
Choice of material and approach
Composite: (Ba,Sr)TiO3 + dielectric (bulk ceramics)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
q
0
0.005
0.01
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
tan
q
(i) Use of BST with high 3
r )0(n
Spherical inclusion composite
(ii) Dilution with dielectric
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
q
)0(
)()0(
E
nr
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AAC’08 Santa Cruz CA, July 27th - August 2nd
2008
MgO and Mg2TiO4
additives
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5concentration of inclusions, q
nreff
/nr
1
2
3
3D – theory
2D – theory
periodicnumericalsolution
Dependence permittivity ε′ (a), temperature Tm (b) and tunability kt for the samples BST (55/45) wt.% MgO (1) and Mg2TiO4 (2)
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AAC’08 Santa Cruz CA, July 27th - August 2nd
2008
Ferroelectric properties vs. frequency and % wt of inclusions
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
q
Content of
Mg2TiO4,
% wt.
f =1 MHz
Qf ,GHz
Ku
( E,
2V/m) tan
15.0 460 0.00021 1200-1300 1.11
20.0 507 0.00031 1200-1300 1.08
30.0 375 0.00024 1100-1300 1.09
40.0 290 0.00025 1100-1150 1.1155 %BaTiO3 - 45%.SrTiO3 with 20% МgO
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AAC’08 Santa Cruz CA, July 27th - August 2nd
2008
Developed materials
GHz10f
600500 kV/cm20dc E
(Ba,Sr)TiO3 based composite
(%)rn
Sengupta et al(patents)
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AAC’08 Santa Cruz CA, July 27th - August 2nd
2008
BST(M) Ferroelectric: Size Effects
Dimension studies for the BSM-3 (left) and BSM-4 (right) ferroelectric samples with thickness of 0.1 – 0.5 mm.
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AAC’08 Santa Cruz CA, July 27th - August 2nd
2008
BST(M) Ferroelectric: Bulk Sample Measurements
(Omega-P, Inc.)
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AAC’08 Santa Cruz CA, July 27th - August 2nd
2008
Experimental Setup, ns Scale Switching Time
Pictures of the experimental setup for the time response testing of the
ferroelectric samples to high pulse voltages.
time,s
-10x10-9 -5x10-9 0 5x10-9 10x10-9 15x10-9 20x10-9
Uco
ntro
l(V)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
time,s
-10x10-9 -5x10-9 0 5x10-9 10x10-9 15x10-9 20x10-9
Ud(
mV
)~C
-15.0
-12.5
-10.0
-7.5
-5.0
-2.5
0.0
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AAC’08 Santa Cruz CA, July 27th - August 2nd
2008
Various Samples of BST(M)
Various Samples of BST(M)
DC and Pulse Tunability Measurements
Kdc =C(0)/C(Udc )=C(0)/Cdc corresponds to capacitance value Cdc measured in 1 min after themoment of Udc switching on).
Kdyn =C(0)/Cpulse (Um) =C(0)/Cpulse Cpulse corresponds to the end of the leading front of the 20 ns pulse.
×10 kV/cm
×10 kV/cm
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AAC’08 Santa Cruz CA, July 27th - August 2nd
2008
FAST ACTIVE X-BAND HIGH POWER PHASE SHIFTER
* Developed by Omega-P, Inc.
S. Kazakov et al “First Measurements of RF Properties of Large Ferroelectric Rings "
dcRF EE
Ferroelectric ring elements for the X-band high power phase shifter. The same technology will be used for the L-band tuner fabrication.
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AAC’08 Santa Cruz CA, July 27th - August 2nd
2008
Loading with parallel bias
dcRF EE
Ferroelectric L-band Reflecting Phase Shifter
RF field, TEM mode
dc field
Copper electrodes
ferroelectric ring
* Developed by Omega-P, Inc.
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AAC’08 Santa Cruz CA, July 27th - August 2nd
2008
L-band Planar Design (Omega-P, Inc.)
S. Kazakov et al. EPAC’08* Developed by Omega-P, Inc.
dcRF EE
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AAC’08 Santa Cruz CA, July 27th - August 2nd
2008
Problem of transverse bias
d
3d
dcE
RFE
dcRF EE
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AAC’08 Santa Cruz CA, July 27th - August 2nd
2008
BST(M) ferroelectric group of compositions
composition ε tanδ×10-3, 10 GHz Kparallel, 4 V/μ Ktransverse, 4 V/μ
BSM-1 ~520 4.0 1.16 1.08 BSM-2 ~420 3.4 1.08 1.05 BSM-3 ~580 5.0 1.27 1.16 BSM-4 ~600 8.7 1.50 1.22
E.Nenasheva. “Development of A Low Loss Microwave Ferroelectric Material for the High Power Tunable Devices”
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AAC’08 Santa Cruz CA, July 27th - August 2nd
2008
Effect of dc bias orientations
longitudinal transverse
E
acE
EACE
)0(
)(
E
n ?n
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AAC’08 Santa Cruz CA, July 27th - August 2nd
2008
Examples: nvs n
Edc, kV/cm
n (E)
1
2
3
0 5 10 15 20 251
1.5
2
2.5
3
kV/cm,E
3
2n
n
n
n
(Ba0.65Sr0.35)TiO3 at 3150K ; data by Daimond (1961)
1
2
3
n (E)
Edc, kV/cm
0 5 10 15 201
1.2
1.4
1.6
kV/cm,E
n
n
3
2n
(Ba0.8Sr0.2)TiO3 at 333 0K data by Pertov et al (1971)
n
Acceptable loss of tunability when passing from n‖ to n┴
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AAC’08 Santa Cruz CA, July 27th - August 2nd
2008
BST(M): what have been done ?
The group of materials have been developed: from BSM-1 to BSM-4 Pulse measurements have been carried out : < 10 ns switching time !
Theory of the BST(M) composite ferroelectric have been developed
Transverse dc bias feasibility has been demonstrated
Dielectric response and tunability have been measured/mechanical
Dimension effects have been studied
Metallization technology has been developed
First direct BST bulk sample measurements
First cold test of the L-band fast shifter: 1200 phase shift
Tunable DLA structure cold test : temperature and dc bias tuning
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2008
to be done:
- Material improvement with lower loss tangent
(Euclid)
- Vacuum testing (Euclid/ANL)
- High power testing at X-band (Omega-P/NRL)
- Beam testing of the tunable DLA (Euclid/ANL)
- Fast switching of the L-band phase shifter (Omega-
P)
BST(M): what will be done ?
XI-Electroceramics, Manchester, UK August 31, 2008