Download - Fiber Sensor Mkt Study Feb 2010
Overview Of Fiber Optic SensorsNEFC Meeting
February 23, 2010
Dave KrohnLight Wave Venture LLC
Outline
• Historical Perspective (Telecom comparison)
• Applications • Overview of Technologies• Market Dynamics• OIDA’s role
Historical Perspective: Telecom versus Sensor Evolution
Market acceptance, wireless impactConsolidation, wireless impact2010
Advent of Distributed SystemsFTTx2005
Broadened Gyroscope Applications; 1st
Oil & Gas SystemsOptical Networks; Market Peaks in 2000 at $18B2000
1st IFOG Applications; 1st Oil & Gas Field Trials
Optical Component Breakthroughs and DWDM1995
1st Industrial DevicesUndersea Systems1990
Military Sensor R&D- gyro and acoustic1st Single Mode Long Haul Systems; Major Infrastructure1985
Laboratory DevicesLaboratory Devices1980
R&D-Military & IndustrialR&D-Telecommunications1975SensorsTelecom
Source Qorex (modified)
Applications
Applications
• Distributed– Energy
• Oil & Gas –– Seismic – Pipeline Monitoring– In Well
• Wind• Geothermal
– Utility • Power Lines
– Military –• Hydrophone • Security• Shipboard
– Homeland Security –• Border • Pipeline• Port• Infrastructure• Chemical
– Industrial • Process Control
• Point– Medical
• Diagnostics• Patient monitoring
– Military –• Gyroscope
– Power utility• Current & voltage
– Biomedical• Drug discovery• Pollution• Bioterrorism
– Spectroscopy• Homeland security• Industrial process
Emphasis is on distributed fiber optic sensing systems but a broader view of photonic based sensors is included
Fiber Optic Sensors in Oil & Gas
• Launch in offshore platform sector- critical wells, demanding performance– 2008 market size approaching $100M
(installed systems and services)
• First commercial systems in 2000; through adoption cycle (most operators/all regions)
• Offered by major oil field services companies: BHI, HAL, SLB, and WFT
• Raman DTS most prevalent
>5 millionOperating Hours>1,000 permanentInstallations175°C, 25kpsiRatings
P/T Gauges, DTS, Flow, SeismicProductsGlobalRegionsOffshore, Secondary & Tertiary RecoverySector
>5 millionOperating Hours>1,000 permanentInstallations175°C, 25kpsiRatings
P/T Gauges, DTS, Flow, SeismicProductsGlobalRegionsOffshore, Secondary & Tertiary RecoverySector
Source - Qorex
Advent of Permanent Ocean Bottom Cable (OBC) Seismic Systems
• Major franchises formed– Optical System– Deployment– Interpretation– Oil Company Sponsors
• Fiber Optics: reach, channel count; reliability• Early growth stage• Between $20-50M cost per field to customer• Large incremental growth potential
Courtesy Petroleum Geo-Services
Source - Qorex
•Seismic reservoir management tool to optimize production
Outlook: Oil & Gas• A typical well is only 30% efficient. With distributed fiber optic
sensors to monitor well health and performance, well efficiencies can be drastically improved providing enhanced oil recovery withpotential extraction from reactivation of old oil wells.
• In addition, seismic sensing systems can better map oil reserves and enhance extraction.
• An area of concern is continued growth in the oil and gas segment. The general industry consensus is that if oil prices are in $70 – $90 per barrel range, smart oil fields are justified.
• With the price of oil dropping from a high of $147/barrel to thecurrent price of about $78/ barrel, the marketplace has slowed.
Wind Energy
Outlook: Wind Energy
• Wind Energy Turbine with Embedded Distributed Fiber optic Monitoring System– Allow larger turbine blades that are more efficient with
improved reliability– Ice build up control improves operating efficiency in
cold climates– Monitors
• Blade ice formation• Rotor imbalance – reduces drive train damage• Lightening strikes• Blade damage
• Rapidly emerging market – 10% - 20% efficiency improvement
Source: Insensys
Smart Grid Concept
Power Grid Monitoring• Need
– Demand for stable continuous power is increasing– Power grid optimization is critical– Prevention of network failure is vital
• Applications– Underground cables– Subsea cables– Transmission & distribution lines– Transformers
• Goals– Ability to predict & locate hot spots as well as mechanical overloads– Run network at a higher load in a reliable manner– Extend lifetime
• Distributed fiber optic sensing systems can provide the monitoring capability
Military Fiber Optic Sensors
The US Military Is The Largest and Most Sophisticated User
of Sensors
Source: Northrop Grumman
Outlook: Military
• FO sensing in various stages of the adoption cycle; currently serving niche but important applications– IFOG Segment
• Major wins; High volume production• Under evaluation for a number of new and retrofit platforms• Significant commercial applications
– Acoustic Segment• Continued growth; hull arrays and upcoming fleet insertion of towed
arrays (high sensor count) • Emerging commercial applications
– Perimeter Security• Used for perimeter penetration alarms• Intrusion identification
• New Applications– Smart shipboard sensor networks– Chemical/ Bio-detection
Fiber Optic Security System
How is it used?
•Buried
•Fence
•Rooftop
Source: Fiber SenSys
Perimeter and Pipeline Security Systems• Single optical fiber as the sensor in a rugged, low cost cable.
Continuous sensing along the entire length• Cable buried around perimeter or mounted on pipeline • Single interrogation unit (node) spaced at 50km intervals• Individual detection zone length (event resolution) 100-500m• Instantaneous detection of multiple simultaneous events of
widely varying intensities• Central display/alarm takes inputs from multiple nodes
~25 Km
~25km
Source:LxSix Photonics
Pipeline Monitoring Versus Pipeline Security
Source: Modified SAIC
Interferometric
Monitoring
Security
Source: LxSix PhotonicsSource: LxSix Photonics
DICAST Concept In a Building
Source: Intelligent Optical Systems
ChemicallyActive
Coating
Optical Fiber
So S1
Outlook: Security
• 1000s of first generation systems deployed and operating– Perimeter intrusion detection
• New applications– Perimeter intruder identification– High growth potential in major infrastructure security
initiatives• Pipeline and critical asset security
– Pipeline monitoring– Pipeline security
• Cargo containers• Wide area surveillance• Chemical/bio-agent detection
• Highly competitive technologies (wireless - mote)
Bridge Monitoring
Vibration Signature –No Crack at Joint
Damped Vibration Signature –Crack at Joint
Critical Joint (Gusset*)
Span 2Span 1
Input Vibration Signal
Static Strain Sensors can measure strain and deflection
Distributed Interferometric sensors can monitor vibration
* Suspected failure point in Minneapolis bridge failure
A Typical Tunnel Layout Using Raman Scattering (DTS) Technology
DTS unit
Client alarm system
Access shafts
Road (or rail) way
Utility sub-way
Exit tunnels
Optical fiber sensing cable
Tunnel Control RoomRemote Incident Room
Client master PC
- remote DTS control- data acquisition- local data storage- historian data review
Tunnel real-time temperature profile display
Ethernet or MODBUSTunnel
real-time temperature profile DTS unit
Client alarm system
Access shafts
Road (or rail) way
Utility sub-way
Exit tunnels
Optical fiber sensing cable
Tunnel Control RoomRemote Incident Room
Client master PC
- remote DTS control- data acquisition- local data storage- historian data review
Tunnel real-time temperature profile display
Ethernet or MODBUSTunnel
real-time temperature profile
Outlook: Smart Infrastructure• 83% of the United States transportation infrastructure in not capable of
meeting the needs of the next 10 years
• Other countries have been more aggressive in infrastructure development and monitoring. The United States is lagging behind
• There are a broad range of infrastructure sensing applications in transportation that are not being met. Many of these vital assets are aging or not adequately monitored with the potential for catastrophic failure.
– Bridge failure in Minneapolis, Minnesota was due to a structural failure. – Fire safety problems, with recent life-loss fires, in road tunnels
• NIST has recognized the need and is funding innovative research for the development of infrastructure monitoring and inspection technologies
– NIST through its Technology Innovation Program (TIP) will fund the development of a network of distributed, integrated sensor architectures that will monitor bridges, roadways, tunnels, dams and other critical infrastructure applications
– Many of these applications can be facilitated by using fiber optic sensors
• Monitoring bridges and tunnels using distributed fiber optic sensors to monitor strain, vibration, temperature provides key benefits
Industrial & Medical Segment:Diverse Applications and Markets
Outlook: Medical & Industrial
• Diverse markets and applications, steady growth • FO sensing products currently serve applications that
leverage attributes of FO (form factor, EMI/RFI, etc.)– Medical
• Temperature (MRI; Intra-aortic and Intracraneal Pressure)• Majority of applications are for point sensors
– Industrial• Smart machines
– Hot spot detection– Vibration signature
• Manufacturing process control-– All measurands (temperature / pressure / strain / displacement / other)– Chemical spill monitoring– Many applications are for point sensors
• New applications– Chemical/ bio-detection
• Food process• Pharmaceutical process
Technology
Distributed Fiber Optic SensorBasic Architectures
• Fiber optics: bandwidth/distance capability to support multiple sensors/channels on single fiber
Point Sensor
Fully Distributed Sensor
Distributed Point Sensor
Source: MCH Engineering
Distributed Fiber Optic Sensing Technologies
• Several fiber optic technologies have been used for structural health monitoring and surveillance with positive results.
• Distributed fiber optic sensing technologies include:– Bragg gratings– Raman scattering– Brillouin scattering – Interferometric approaches
Input Signal
Reflected Signal
Bragg Grating
Strain Induced Spectral Shift
Optical Fiber
Source
WavelengthDetectionSystem
Bragg Gratings
Wavelength 1 Wavelength 2 Wavelength 3 Wavelength 4
Grating Lines Fiber
Bragg Grating SensorsPerformance•Resolution - < 0.5 microstrain•Long term accuracy - <1%•Up to 20 sensing points in C band•Can monitor low frequency dynamic strain•Temperature resolution of 1oC •Strain / temperature discrimination is required
Raman Scattering&
Brillouin Scattering
• Scattering processes used for sensing applications– Raman scattered magnitude is
temperature dependent– Brillouin lines are temperature and strain
sensitive
T, ε T, ε
Raman Scattering Performance
• Only measures temperature and is independent of strain.
• The temperature resolution is 0.5oC• The measurement range is up to 15 km
with a 1 meter spatial resolution (up to 25km with a 1.5 meter resolution) of the location of the temperature perturbation
Brillouin Scattering Performance• The measurement range of up to 30 km. • The sensing point associated with a physical
perturbation can be resolved to 1 meter on a 10 km length, but accuracy is reduced as distance increases.
• The strain resolution is 20 microstrain. However, more advanced detection schemes can have a strain resolution of 0.1 microstrain.
• The temperature resolution is 0.5oC• While Brillouin scattering is an excellent strain sensor
technology, the response time is about 1 second; and therefore, is not suitable for vibration measurements.
Interferometric Sensing Schemes
Source: NRL
Interferometric Sensing Performance
• Long term accuracy - <1%• Resolution - < 0.01 microstrain• Position Resolution – 1 meter in 10 Km
length• Can monitor dynamic strain over a broad
range of frequencies – vibration signature
Fiber Optic Distributed Sensors
Fiber Optic Distributed Sensors
Interferometric Bragg Grating Raman (DTS)
∆ Phase
•Temp•Strain
•Vibration
∆λ
•Temp•Strain
•Vibration
∆ Intensity
•Temp
∆λ
•Temp•Strain
Brillouin (DTSS)
Multi PointContinuous Multi Point Continuous Continuous
Sensor Market Overview• Each segment was built from a bottoms-up standpoint with input from
multiple contacts (Work in progress)• The marketplace is fragmented, but many of the applications use a common
technology base (interferometric, DTS, DTSS , BGT)• Many applications are in a commercial phase• The current economic environment has impacted growth and slowed market
development• The general consensus is that growth will be in the 10% to 25% range as it
recovers from the 2009 downturn• Driving factors for growth will be
– Oil prices and the need for new oil reserves– Alternative energy sources– Improved security– Smart infrastructure– Government funding
• There are negative factors– Competing non photonic technologies (MEMS, wireless, etc)– Cost– Economic environment
• The need for advanced sensing systems is real and now!
Summary
• Distributed fiber optic sensing systems are in a commercialization phase in oil & gas, wind energy, military and homeland security including smart infrastructure
• Wider spread use will require lower cost products and further development of standards
• The economic downturn has had an impact on market growth
• A preliminary market survey has indicated a downturn in 2009 with moderate to strong growth through 2013
OIDA’s Role in the Photonics Sensor Industry
• Provide an industry voice• Identify and track market dynamics including evolving
needs, segmentation, size and barriers • Identification of government needs and funding
opportunities• Provide formal road mapping workshops• Facilitate potential strategic partnerships for technology
development• Provide assistance in standards activities in conjunction
with NIST• Work with OSA and SPIE to promote the sensor industry• Encourage companies and organizations to participate in
OIDA’s Photonic (Fiber Optic) Sensor Consortium• Over 50 active participants