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Field dependence and driver visual search behavior
Professor: Liu
Student: Ruby
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Objective
• To investigate the field dependence driver’ visual search behavior on different road and time of day.
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References
• Goodenough, 1976– Field dependence drivers were related to acc
idents.– Field independence drivers may avoid accid
ents.
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References
• Kaluger and Smith, 1970; Mourant and Rockwell, 1972; Zell, 1969:– This is an relationship between eye moveme
nt and the driver performance which were field dependence/ independence.
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Experiment 1: eye movements in curve negotiation
• Purpose– To identify the perceptual search method
involved in curve through and try to get the curves’ accident rate.
• Hypothesis– The field dependent drivers have the less
efficient, and the visual search may be focused on less informative information.
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Experiment 1: eye movements in curve negotiation
• Participants– 5 students. (3 male and 2 female)
• Equipment– Eye tracking and experimental vehicle.
• Procedure– Two lane highways in the country view.– 22 curved road and two straight road.– Keep an mean speed on 96 km/h.
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Results and discussion
• The embedded figure test– Two females got 15 s and 22s– Three males got 27 s, 40 s, and 50 s.
• Two females and one male can be considered field independent.
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Results and discussion
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Results and discussion
• The EFT scores and the mean to peak power ration was 0.99.– The more field dependence drivers were more
focused in a small part on the visual field.
• The EFT scores and the median frequency was -0.91.– The field dependence drivers had the slow visual
search which they need more time to search the traffic environment.
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Results and discussion
• The field dependence drivers may have a slight tunnel vision or the peripheral vision capabilities may decrease.
• The field dependence drivers were hard to pass the curve road which because their perceptual load is increased.
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Experiment 2 : age related changes in drivers’ spare visual capacity
• Purpose– To identify the age related participants’
information processing and the visual search behavior.
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Experiment 2 : age related changes in drivers’ spare visual capacity
• Participants– 6 younger people (ages 20-25)– 9 older people (ages 63-70)
• Equipments– The same equipments as in experiment 1.
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Experiment 2 : age related changes in drivers’ spare visual capacity
• Six information processing tests– Embedded figure test– Choice reaction time test– Visual search test– A sequential choice reaction test– A memory test– A movement-time test
• Four driving tasks– Driving at normal speed in the clear traffic.
(daytime and nighttime)– Car following at 80km/h.
(daytime and nighttime)
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Results and discussion
• In the information processing test, only EFT and the visual search test were significant (r = 0.56) and related with driving visual search.
• EFT– The young drivers were field independent
drivers, they took 0.2 min finished the test.– The older drivers were field dependence
drivers, they took 1.3 min finished the test.
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Results and discussion
• Mean visual search time– Younger drivers were 3.2 s.– Older drivers were 2.3 s.
• Mean eyes open time– Younger drivers were 0.7 s.– Older drivers were 1.5 s.
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Results and discussion
• When driver had longer meant time, they have to keep his eye open on the road.– The longer time to locate the simple figure
from the complex figure in EFT.
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Conclusions
• The field dependence drivers took long time to get relevant information and they were hard to shift their attention to another place.
• The field dependence drivers were hard to get the important information from the road environment and they may have an higher accident.