Download - Filipino Americans A
Cover PageCover PagePhilippinesSheila Teel Robinson
Lest 812Dr. Alexander Erwin
Dr. Forest TomsNorth Carolina A&T State
University
Agenda
Overview and Origin Major Cultural Characteristics Epoch of Immigration
Major Contributors And Contributions Cultural Identity
Customs-Norms-Values Gender Perceptions
Socioeconomic and Political Status Heritage/Historical Major Religion
Language and Literature Reflection Significant Observations
OverviewOverviewFilipinos In America Filipinos In America
Filipino AmericansFilipino Americans are Americans of are Americans of PhilippinePhilippine ancestry, which trace back to the ancestry, which trace back to the PhilippinesPhilippines, an , an archipelago archipelago Southeast AsiaSoutheast Asia
The Filipino American (The Filipino American (Fil-AmFil-Am for short) community is for short) community is the second largest the second largest Asian AmericanAsian American subgroup the largest subgroup the largest Southeast Asian AmericanSoutheast Asian American group. Filipino Americans group. Filipino Americans are also the largest subgroup of the are also the largest subgroup of the Overseas FilipinosOverseas Filipinos
In 2007, the Filipino American community was In 2007, the Filipino American community was estimated to be at 4 million, or 1.5% of the United estimated to be at 4 million, or 1.5% of the United States population.States population.
More than half of the community are naturalized or More than half of the community are naturalized or American-born, the remainder are Filipino nationals or American-born, the remainder are Filipino nationals or dual citizensdual citizens of both the of both the PhilippinesPhilippines and the and the United StatesUnited States..
OverviewOverviewFilipinos In AmericaFilipinos In America
Population by StatePopulation by State Significant populations Significant populations
AlaskaAlaska
CaliforniaCalifornia
HawaiiHawaii
Washington Washington
Chicago Chicago
NortheastNortheast
West CoastWest Coast
Southern U.S.Southern U.S.
Major Cultural Major Cultural CharacteristicsCharacteristics
American Influence -400 Year Spanish RuleAmerican Influence -400 Year Spanish Rule
Distinguished from other Asian Immigrants: Hispanic Distinguished from other Asian Immigrants: Hispanic surnames/sounding names; Catholics; fluent Englishsurnames/sounding names; Catholics; fluent English
Family cares for familyFamily cares for family
Family consist of mother, father, children, and parents of Family consist of mother, father, children, and parents of one or both sidesone or both sides
Share housing until financial stability establishedShare housing until financial stability established
Help other coming to countryHelp other coming to country
Men and women share equally in housework, care for Men and women share equally in housework, care for childrenchildren
Send money back to PhilippinesSend money back to Philippines– Door to Door Shipments consisting of staple itemsDoor to Door Shipments consisting of staple items– Shipped via Bayanihan Cargo InternationalShipped via Bayanihan Cargo International
Fond of pancit (noodles) adobo (marinated pork with Fond of pancit (noodles) adobo (marinated pork with spices and ricespices and rice
Attending dinner receive “pauwi” something to take homeAttending dinner receive “pauwi” something to take home
Celebrate with festivals including folk dancing, parades, Celebrate with festivals including folk dancing, parades, street fairs, and cultural performances attempting to street fairs, and cultural performances attempting to preserve American Filipino culturepreserve American Filipino culture
Romantic, born poets and musicians
Major Cultural Major Cultural CharacteristicsCharacteristics
Major Cultural IdentityMajor Cultural Identity Dominant traits are love for family, resilient,
strong religious faith, cooperative (“bayanihan”), hard working, durable and resistant
Hospitality world known
New City hosts Philippine Independence Day ParadeNew City hosts Philippine Independence Day Parade
First Sunday in June at Madison AvenueFirst Sunday in June at Madison Avenue
2002 Grand Opening of Filipino Community Center in 2002 Grand Opening of Filipino Community Center in HawaiiHawaii– Largest Filipino-American Institution in USLargest Filipino-American Institution in US– Preserve history and culture Preserve history and culture
Epoch of ImmigrationEpoch of Immigration 1763 First permanent Filipino settlements in North 1763 First permanent Filipino settlements in North
AmericaAmerica
established in Saint Malo, Louisianaestablished in Saint Malo, Louisiana
““Manilamen” seamen who jumped shipManilamen” seamen who jumped ship
Settlements in Acapulco, MexicoSettlements in Acapulco, Mexico
Mass migration end of 19Mass migration end of 19thth century in response to labor century in response to labor needs of plantations of Hawaii and farmlands of needs of plantations of Hawaii and farmlands of CaliforniaCalifornia
and salmon canariesand salmon canaries
Epoch of Epoch of ImmigrationImmigration 1903 “Pensionados”
arrived as students
1906 Labors for plantations, farms, salmon canaries
Post WWII, health professionals
Arrivals via international marriage agencies
Tendency to settle in more dispersed fashion, living in diverse communities
Epoch of ImmigrationEpoch of Immigration Remain largest immigrant group to dateRemain largest immigrant group to date
75% consist of family sponsorship, remainder employment-oriented75% consist of family sponsorship, remainder employment-oriented
However, suffer longest waiting list among immigrant groupsHowever, suffer longest waiting list among immigrant groups
Duel Citizenship with passage of Philippine Republic Act No. 9225Duel Citizenship with passage of Philippine Republic Act No. 9225
also known as the Citizenship Retention and Re-Acquisition Act of also known as the Citizenship Retention and Re-Acquisition Act of 20032003
First employed under President Gloria Macapagal-ArroyoFirst employed under President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo
Encourages investment in PhilippinesEncourages investment in Philippines
Vote in electionsVote in elections
Participation in international sports eventsParticipation in international sports events
Epoch of ImmigrationEpoch of Immigration Majority live in suburbs or master planned communitiesMajority live in suburbs or master planned communities
Some instances of close-knit neighborhoods, particularly in Some instances of close-knit neighborhoods, particularly in California and Hawaii California and Hawaii
““Little Manilas…Civic and business districts tailored for Little Manilas…Civic and business districts tailored for Filipino American community lifeFilipino American community life
Section of Los Angeles “Westlake” designated Historic Section of Los Angeles “Westlake” designated Historic Filipinotown (50,000 Filipino residents)Filipinotown (50,000 Filipino residents)
US Census 60,000 nationals migrate to US every year US Census 60,000 nationals migrate to US every year since 1990 to take advantage of professional opportunities since 1990 to take advantage of professional opportunities in healthcare, technology, teachingin healthcare, technology, teaching
Major ContributionsMajor Contributions Byron Acohido: Pulitzer Prize WinnerByron Acohido: Pulitzer Prize Winner
Benny Agbayani: New York Mets’ SluggerBenny Agbayani: New York Mets’ Slugger
Daniel D’Umuk Aguila: Cartoonist, Painter, and SongwriterDaniel D’Umuk Aguila: Cartoonist, Painter, and Songwriter
Reynaldo G. Alejandro: Dancer, Choreographer, Chef, Author, and ColumnistReynaldo G. Alejandro: Dancer, Choreographer, Chef, Author, and Columnist
Domingo T. Alvear: Pediatric Surgeon, Speaker, and Prolific WriterDomingo T. Alvear: Pediatric Surgeon, Speaker, and Prolific Writer
Lilia Calderon Clemente: International Money ManagerLilia Calderon Clemente: International Money ManagerSenatorSenator
American Official in Clinton’s AdministrationAmerican Official in Clinton’s AdministrationVenancio Igarta: Master ColoristVenancio Igarta: Master Colorist
Josephine Jimenez, CFA: Money ManagerJosephine Jimenez, CFA: Money Manager
Loida Nicolas Lewis: Lawyer, Author, and CEO of TLCLoida Nicolas Lewis: Lawyer, Author, and CEO of TLC Beatrice Beatrice International Holdings, Inc.International Holdings, Inc.
Major ContributionsMajor Contributions•Constantino Amores, M.D.: Presidential Appointee on Constantino Amores, M.D.: Presidential Appointee on Arts CommitteeArts Committee
•Jon Amores: West Virginia State RepresentativeJon Amores: West Virginia State RepresentativeArtist, The: Singer (See Prince)Artist, The: Singer (See Prince)
•Tai Babilonia: Former World Ice Skating ChampionTai Babilonia: Former World Ice Skating Champion
•Bobby Balcena: 1956 Cincinnati Reds’ Baseball PlayerBobby Balcena: 1956 Cincinnati Reds’ Baseball Player
•Bernie Ballao: Alaska Council MemberBernie Ballao: Alaska Council MemberDiosdado Banatao: Engineer and Inventort of Computer Diosdado Banatao: Engineer and Inventort of Computer ChipChip
•Angela Perez Baraquio: Miss America of 2001Angela Perez Baraquio: Miss America of 2001
•Maniya Barredo: Atlanta and the Philippines’ First Prima Maniya Barredo: Atlanta and the Philippines’ First Prima BallerinaBallerina
•Anna Bayle: International ModelAnna Bayle: International Model
Major ContributionsMajor Contributions•Cecilia Manguerra Brainard: Award-Winning WriterCecilia Manguerra Brainard: Award-Winning Writer
•Thelma Buchhold: Alaska State RepresentativeThelma Buchhold: Alaska State Representative •Cielo Buenaventura: Metropolitan Section Cielo Buenaventura: Metropolitan Section Editor, The New York TimesEditor, The New York Times
•Annette Calud: Sesame Street Dance InstructorAnnette Calud: Sesame Street Dance Instructor
Reggie Chavez: Councilman, Tacoma Park, MarylandReggie Chavez: Councilman, Tacoma Park, Maryland•Bobby Chouinard: Baseball PlayerBobby Chouinard: Baseball Player
•Howard Chua: Time Magazine Senior EditorHoward Chua: Time Magazine Senior Editor
Major ContributionsMajor Contributions•Wil and Zen Coronado:Wil and Zen Coronado: Cosmetics Magnates Cosmetics Magnates
•Speedy Dado (Diosdado B. Posadas):Speedy Dado (Diosdado B. Posadas): Flyweight Boxing Flyweight Boxing ChampionChampion
•Ananias C. Diokno:Ananias C. Diokno: Urological Surgeon, Medical Scientist, Urological Surgeon, Medical Scientist, International Lecturer, Clinical Pro fessor, and AuthorInternational Lecturer, Clinical Pro fessor, and Author
•Ofelia Dirige, Ph.D., R.D.:Ofelia Dirige, Ph.D., R.D.: Nutriotionist/Dietitian, Professor, Nutriotionist/Dietitian, Professor, Founder of Kalusugan Comunity Services, San Diego, CAFounder of Kalusugan Comunity Services, San Diego, CA
•Vicky Manalo Draves:Vicky Manalo Draves: U.S. Diving Champion U.S. Diving Champion
•Jocelyn Enriquez: Jocelyn Enriquez: Queen of Free StyleQueen of Free Style
•Ernesto M. Espaldon: M.D.: Ernesto M. Espaldon: M.D.: Plastic Surgeon, Six-Term Guam Plastic Surgeon, Six-Term Guam SenatorSenator
• Benjamin N. Cayetano: Governor, State of Hawaii Benjamin N. Benjamin N. Cayetano: Governor, State of Hawaii Benjamin N. Cayetano:Cayetano:
Major ContributionsMajor Contributions•Jose L. Evangelista: M.D.: Member, National Jose L. Evangelista: M.D.: Member, National Committee on Foreign Medical Education and Committee on Foreign Medical Education and Accreditation (NCFMEA)Accreditation (NCFMEA)
•Stella Evangelista, M.D.: Former Member, Michigan Stella Evangelista, M.D.: Former Member, Michigan State Board of MedicineState Board of Medicine
•Roman Gabriel: Former Los Angeles Rams’ Roman Gabriel: Former Los Angeles Rams’ QuarterbackQuarterback
•Pat Gacoscos: Member, School Board, Union City, Pat Gacoscos: Member, School Board, Union City, CaliforniaCalifornia•Ceferino Garcia: Middleweight Champion of the WorldCeferino Garcia: Middleweight Champion of the World
•Tita Dioso Gillespie: Newsweek’s General EditorTita Dioso Gillespie: Newsweek’s General Editor
•Dennis Gonzales: Postmaster, Daly City, CaliforniaDennis Gonzales: Postmaster, Daly City, CaliforniaMichael Guingona, Jr.: Mayor, Daly CityMichael Guingona, Jr.: Mayor, Daly City
Veronica De La Cruz Veronica De La Cruz
Billy CrawfordBilly Crawford
NNoottaabblleess
Christeta Christeta Major Major General General Comerford Antonio Comerford Antonio TagubaTaguba
,, NNoottaabblleess
GenderGender
Filipinos-name for both male and femaleFilipinos-name for both male and female
Filipina-name for femaleFilipina-name for female
Both groups enjoy success and recognition in all Both groups enjoy success and recognition in all fields and careersfields and careers
Men and women share in housework, childcare Men and women share in housework, childcare responsibilityresponsibility
DiscriminationDiscrimination Indigenous residents were called “indio” based on the
belief that Spanish explores thought they had arrived in India
Term “indio” carried negative racial tones and discrimination and stereotypical implications that individuals were lazy ignorant savages, discriminated against because of brown skin
Early 20th century Filipinos barred from marrying white women
Secret marriages, particularly in California and in the south in 1920s and 1930s
Racial segregated in small areas and forbidden to travel
Worse after St. Louis World Fair and the Philippine-American War which perpetuated negative stereotypes
“Little Brown Men”, “Ching, Ching, Chang” “Mail Order Bride”
Cases of unreasonable deportation and visa ejection Greater scrutiny upon reentrance
DiscriminationDiscrimination
Suspicion as collaborators to extremist Suspicion as collaborators to extremist Philippine Islamist group Abu SayyafPhilippine Islamist group Abu Sayyaf
Higher level of scrutinyHigher level of scrutiny
US Bureau of Immigration and US Bureau of Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) dissolvedNaturalization Service (INS) dissolved
Replaced with US Citizenship and Replaced with US Citizenship and Immigration Service-hopes of preventing Immigration Service-hopes of preventing visa fraudvisa fraud
Economic StatusEconomic Status
Majority in upper middle classMajority in upper middle class Compared to other Asians, highest Compared to other Asians, highest
household income, exceeding non-Hispanic household income, exceeding non-Hispanic white households and general US white households and general US populationpopulation
Largest senders of US dollars to Philippines Largest senders of US dollars to Philippines (2006-8 billion dollars, 57% of earnings(2006-8 billion dollars, 57% of earnings
Business owners-restaurants, medical Business owners-restaurants, medical fields, telemarketing businessfields, telemarketing business
125,000 Filipino owned businesses125,000 Filipino owned businesses
Political StatusPolitical Status Conservative in natureConservative in nature Divided by Democratic and RepublicanDivided by Democratic and Republican Men preferring Democratic partyMen preferring Democratic party Women preferring Republican partyWomen preferring Republican party Group assimilation may be cause for Group assimilation may be cause for
lack of political power representationlack of political power representation 1990 only 100 Filipino Americans held 1990 only 100 Filipino Americans held
elected officeselected offices– Invisibility of representation or role modelsInvisibility of representation or role models in greater community or mediain greater community or media
EducationEducation High priority for Filipino familiesHigh priority for Filipino families
Value instilled in childrenValue instilled in children
Some of highest educational attainment Some of highest educational attainment rates in USrates in US
47% over age of 25 having Bachelors Degree47% over age of 25 having Bachelors Degree
Recent wave of Filipinos filling job shortage Recent wave of Filipinos filling job shortage areas particularly in the healthcare, areas particularly in the healthcare, education, and information technologyeducation, and information technology
Educational AttainmentEducational Attainment(Percent of Population 25 and (Percent of Population 25 and
OlderOlderEthnicityEthnicity High School High School
Graduation Graduation RateRate
Bachelor’s Bachelor’s Degree +Degree +
FilipinosFilipinos 90.%90.% 47.9%47.9%
ChineseChinese 80.8%80.8% 50.2%50.2%
JapaneseJapanese 93.4%93.4% 43.7%43.7%
KoreansKoreans 90.2%90.2% 50.%50.%
WhitesWhites 88.6%88.6% 29.7%29.7%
Total USTotal US 83.9%83.9% 27.0%27.0%
EducationEducation
Filipino physicians comprise 2Filipino physicians comprise 2ndnd largest group of foreign trained largest group of foreign trained physicians in USphysicians in US
Filipino dentist trained in Philippines Filipino dentist trained in Philippines
11% US licensed from Philippines11% US licensed from Philippines Filipino trained nurses in US comprise Filipino trained nurses in US comprise
52%52%
HeritageHeritage Over three centuries of Spanish and American influence Over three centuries of Spanish and American influence
colonial rulecolonial rule
Latin and Catholic characteristics from SpainLatin and Catholic characteristics from Spain Culture based on cultures of various tribes including with Spain,
Mexico, China, India and America
Asian in race and geographic location with strongest influence being Asia culture
Largest ethnic group North Marianas Islands
Filipinos creation of what is know as the blending of the east and west in Filipino vein
(Edraline, 2002)
ReligionReligion Rooted in Christian HeritageRooted in Christian Heritage
Predominantly Predominantly Roman CatholicRoman Catholic; minorities of ; minorities of ProtestantismProtestantism
IslamIslam (Filipinos of Arab decent-Hawaii (Filipinos of Arab decent-Hawaii BuddhismBuddhism, Taoism (Filipinos of Chinese and Japanese , Taoism (Filipinos of Chinese and Japanese
decentdecent Hinduism (Filipinos of Indian decentHinduism (Filipinos of Indian decent Atheism and Agnosticism some existence, not popularAtheism and Agnosticism some existence, not popular
First church for Filipinos San Lorenzo Ruiz Church First church for Filipinos San Lorenzo Ruiz Church established in New York in 2005established in New York in 2005– First in US and second in the world to be named First in US and second in the world to be named
after a church in Romeafter a church in Rome– Named for First Saint of PhilippinesNamed for First Saint of Philippines
LanguageLanguage Tagalog, Bikolano, Visayan languages, Ilokano, Tagalog, Bikolano, Visayan languages, Ilokano,
Kapampangan spoken at homeKapampangan spoken at home
Majority of Filipino Americans speak fluent languageMajority of Filipino Americans speak fluent language
Tagalog is the fifth most-spoken language in the US Tagalog is the fifth most-spoken language in the US approximately 1.3 million speakers (Standard version is approximately 1.3 million speakers (Standard version is Filipino)Filipino)
Over 170 languages in the Philippines belonging to the Over 170 languages in the Philippines belonging to the Austronesian language familyAustronesian language family
In America, these languages tend to be lost by the second In America, these languages tend to be lost by the second and third generation and third generation – English Official language in Philippines and taught in schoolsEnglish Official language in Philippines and taught in schools– Creates language barrier between older and younger Creates language barrier between older and younger
generationsgenerations
ReflectionsReflections Reprisals for inter mingling with white Reprisals for inter mingling with white
racerace Victims of racial attacksVictims of racial attacks Commitment to return to the PhilippinesCommitment to return to the Philippines Economic impact of billions of dollars Economic impact of billions of dollars
being sent back to Philippines each yearbeing sent back to Philippines each year Impact of duel citizenship burdens on Impact of duel citizenship burdens on
American economyAmerican economy High value placed on educationHigh value placed on education
Significant ObservationsSignificant Observations Third largest English speaking country in the
world Resilience to maintain Filipino culture and Resilience to maintain Filipino culture and
heritage despite discriminationheritage despite discrimination
Establishment of communities seems to be a trend Establishment of communities seems to be a trend
War Promises from WWIIWar Promises from WWII Minority service, then little or no recognitionMinority service, then little or no recognition
Literacy rate is 96%
English most widely used, particularly in areas of education, business, and by professionals
Significant ObservationsSignificant Observations Philippines most westernized country in AsiaPhilippines most westernized country in Asia
Continued discriminationContinued discrimination
Silent Minority (Assimilation Practices)Silent Minority (Assimilation Practices)
Highly Intellectual/IndustriousHighly Intellectual/Industrious
Immigration trend will continue in light of need Immigration trend will continue in light of need for employees, particularly in medical fieldfor employees, particularly in medical field
Significant ObservationsSignificant Observations Intelligent, retentive memory, quick perception, and talents for
art and science
Gentle, friendly, cheerful, known for their hospitality and romanticism
Tropical climate, abundant rainfall and gentle winds
Population of 91,077,286
Despite tumultuous history of revolts, wars, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, typhoons and epidemics, Filipinos remained durable
ReferencesReferences Bautista, Veltisezar 2Bautista, Veltisezar 2ndnd Ed. (2002) The Filipino Americas (1763-Present): Their Ed. (2002) The Filipino Americas (1763-Present): Their History, Culture, and Traditions. Illinois: Bookhause Publishers.History, Culture, and Traditions. Illinois: Bookhause Publishers.
Edraline, M. (2008) The Philippines, Filipino History, Culture and Heritage: Emergence of the Filipino People. Retrieved January 19, 2008, from http://utexas.edu/asnic/countries/philippines/philippines.html.
Filipino American. (2008, April 11). In Filipino American. (2008, April 11). In Wikipedia, The Free EncyclopediaWikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. . Retrieved 09:35, April 14, 2008, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php. Retrieved 09:35, April 14, 2008, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php.
Philippine History (2008). Pinas: Your Gateway to the Philippines. Retrieved from Internet http://pinas.dlsu.edu.ph/history/history.html.
Rand McNally (2008) Quick Reference: World Atlas. Rand McNally &Co.
United States Census Bureau ColumbiaUnited States Census Bureau Columbia Encyclopedia: Philippine History (2008). Retrieved February 5, 2008, from http://dlsu.edu.ph/history.html.
United States Central Intelligence Agency. The World Factbook-Philipines. Retrieved February 1, 2008 from (https:www.cia.gov/library/publications/the worldfactbook/geos/rp.html).
Wikipedia (2008) Retrieved February 4, 2008, fromhttp://en.wikipedic.org/wiki/Filipino_people.
References
Columbia Encyclopedia: Philippine History (2008). Retrieved February 5, 2008, from http://dlsu.edu.ph/history.html.
Edraline, M. (2008) The Philippines, Filipino History, Culture and Heritage: Emergence of the Filipino People. Retrieved January 19, 2008, from http://utexas.edu/asnic/countries/philippines/philippines.html.
Philippine History (2008). Pinas: Your Gateway to the Philippines. Retrieved from Internet http://pinas.dlsu.edu.ph/history/history.html.
Rand McNally (2008) Quick Reference: World Atlas. Rand McNally &Co.
United States Central Intelligence Agency. The World Factbook-Philipines. Retrieved February 1, 2008 from (https:www.cia.gov/library/publications/the
worldfactbook/geos/rp.html). Wikipedia (2008) Retrieved February 4, 2008, from http://en.wikipedic.org/wiki/Filipino_people.