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INTEGRATION OF EXPERIMENTAL
PROPULSION SYSTEMS IN
MICRO AIR VEHICLES
Final Fall 2010 PresentationNovember 30, 2010
Team # 3
Erica Cosmutto
Hunter Metzger
Joel Ware
Kristina De Armas
Michael Isaza
Santiago Baus
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OVERVIEW Project Scope Product Specifications Project Goal Fixed vs. Varying Values Boundary Layer Ingestion Calculations Fuselage Designs Design of Experiments Cost of Materials Weight and Cost Analysis Future Work Plan
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PROJECT SCOPE
Integrate an electric ducted fan into the fuselage of a Micro Air Vehicle (MAV)
Focus on: Fuselage design Duct design Integrating electronics and fan into the fuselage
Goal: Design 3 fuselages
Inlet close to fan Inlet close to fan with rod Inlet away from fan
Each will demonstrate the effectiveness of the propulsion system and duct design
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PROJECT GOALThe team’s goal is to produce 3 fuselage
designs and be able to judge these designs based on the following:WeightFlight time (Efficiency)Maximum speedStability (Center of Gravity)
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FINAL COMPONENT SELECTION
76mm ID, 80mm OD22.2V391g55A
$129.50
TP8000-6S4PL22.2V8000mAh16C
$509.99
Smart Guide ESCUp to 44.4V100A
$120.00
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BOUNDARY LAYER INGESTION
P=Power (W)
T=Torque (N)
= Mass flow rate (kg/s)
V1= Incoming velocity(m/s)
or P=0.5T(2V1+∆V)
∆V=Change in velocity(m/s)
COMSOL Representation of Flow
•Incoming flow decreases, decreasing power required to obtain a certain thrust•Use boundary layer as slow velocity •∆V produces thrust
•Power required to accelerate slow moving air is less than the power needed to create the same acceleration in a faster incoming velocity
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Pressure Drop Across Fan
Force 4.456NPressure 2.315 10
3 PaPressureForce
area
Force Acting on the Fan Blades
FSA 0.00364m2 FSA = fan sweep area
Mass flow Velocityout FSA
Mass flow 0.269kg
s
Mass Flow Through Duct
Velocityout 2Pressure
Velocity After the Fan
Velocityout 62.532m
s
CALCULATIONS
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CALCULATIONS CONTINUED
Assume velocity outside of MAV is 30 m/s
Pressure atm 101325Pa
Pressure fan Pressure atm
1 Velocityfan2
2
Pressure fan 100.098kPa
Pressure inlet Pressure atm Velocityinlet
2
2 Pressure inlet 100.792kPa
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DESIGN 1: HOLE CLOSE TO FAN
COMSOL Representation of Flow
Velocity Profile
•Less losses due to duct•High velocity entering and exiting fan•High thrust•Air flow not fully developed•Not very efficient
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COMSOL Representation of Flow
Velocity Profile
•Air flow more fully developed •Lowest velocity•‘Feeds’ the fan more boundary layer•Increases efficiency
DESIGN 2: HOLE FARTHER AWAY FROM FAN
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Velocity Profile COMSOL Representation of Flow
•Rod attached to maximize flow that reaches blades•High velocity
DESIGN 3: ROB ATTACHED TO HUB
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FIXED VS. VARYING VALUES
Measurement ValueLength 32”Diameter 6”Inlet Area 5.412 in2
Exit Area 4.23 in2
Fuselage Distance From Inlet to Fan
Design 1 10.2282”Design 2 4.52098”Design 3 10.2282”
Fixed Values
Varying Values
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DESIGN OF EXPERIMENT 2k Factorial design
2 levels and 2 factors with 1 sampleResponse: Velocity exiting the fan
Factors:Distance of inlet from FanUse of rod at hub
Coded level table
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RESULTS Contrast, Beta and Test Statistic
Predictive model
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MORE RESULTS
Interaction Plot
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
X1 & X2 Interaction Plot
X2=+1X2=-1
X1
Response
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HOW TO INTERPRET THE RESULTS?
Distance from EDF to Inlet
Rod usage
Interaction between these factors
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VACUUM BAGGING PROCESS
Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer Low cost & desired results Mold construction provided by sponsor
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COST OF MATERIALS
Material Amount Cost ($)
Carbon Fiber 6 yards 301.50
Epoxy Resin 1 quart 22.25
Spray Adhesive 1 can 12.95
Peel Ply 2 yards 22.00
Breather Cloth 2 yards 16.00
Flow Media 2 yards 75.80
Nylon Bagging Film 2 yards 17.00
Vacuum Tubing 3 ft 4.35
Yellow Sealant Tape
2 rolls 27.80
TOTAL 499.65
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WEIGHT AND COST ANALYSIS
Component Cost ($)
EDF 129.95
Battery 509.99
Battery Charger 109.98
Woodworks LipoSack (Storage)
34.99
ESC 120.00
Transmitter/ Receiver
179.97
Industrial Strength Velcro
7.00
Fuselage Materials
$499.65
TOTAL 1591.53
Component Weight (lbs.)
EDF 0.862
Battery 2.05
ESC 0.242
Transmitter/ Receiver
0.033
Fuselage 1.977
TOTAL 5.164
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FUTURE WORK PLAN
Manufacture Fuselages Create Decision Matrix
Weight Measure using a scale
Efficiency How long will it run at full capacity in wind tunnel
Velocity Compare pressures using pitot-static tube
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
1st Lieutenant Brewer Dr. Hovsapian Dr. Kosaraju Dr. Okoli Dr. Englander Dr. Ordonez Dr. Shih Dr. Horne Dr. Chuy Dr. Ahmed
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QUESTIONS
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RESOURCES "76mm Aluminum Alloy Electric Ducted Fan." Nitro RC Planes, Inc.
2010. Web. 05 Oct. 2010. <http://www.nitroplanes.com/lealalel76du.html>.
Cengel, Yunus A., and Robert H. Turner. Fundamentals of Thermal-fluid Sciences. 3rd ed. Boston: McGraw-Hill, 2001. Print.
Draganfly Innovations Inc. RCToys.com Sells RC Airplanes RC Blimps RC Helicopters & Parts. 2008. Web. 07 Oct. 2010. <http://www.rctoys.com/pr/category/rc-information/rc-hobby-parts-component-info/>.
"Electric Ducted Fan Jet." RC Hobby Universe Guide to RC Airplanes, Helicopters, Boats, Cars and Trucks! 2006. Web. 07 Oct. 2010. <http://www.rc-hobby-universe.com/electric-ducted-fan-jet.html>.
“Integrating GPS with MAVs.”<http://www.mil.ufl.edu/~number9/mav/>.
Marc De Piolenc, F. "Ducted Fan Design, Volume 1 (Revised)." Google Books. Web. 29 Nov. 2010. <http://books.google.com/books?id=YcAjcSSP4HMC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Ducted Fan Design Volume 1&source=bl&ots=WtfDi_ZHQZ&sig=4G6VIAKC63HnIZLlQMLFf56LTZ0&hl=en&ei=nYnoTID_GMP6lwewtLGcCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=9&ved=0CEYQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=efficiency&f=false>.
“RC Hobby Universe.” <http://www.rc-hobby universe.com/electric-ducted-fan-jet.html>.
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Power Output
P 55A 22.2 V
P 1.221 103 W Peff P 0.8 Peff 1.31hp
1hp 745.7W 22.2V 1800rpm
V 3.996 10
4 rpm
Force on the Fan
Torque 33000Peff 2
Torque1 0.127N m
Dfan .0285mForce
Torque1
Dfan
area 0.001925m2
Force 4.456N
Pressure Drop across Fan
PressureForce
area Pressure 2.315 10
3 Pa 1.184kg
m3
Velocityout 2Pressure
Velocityout 62.532
m
s
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Mass Flow through Duct
FSA 0.00364m2 FSA = fan sweep area
Mass flow Velocityout FSA
Mass flow 0.269kg
s
Velocity before Fan
Velocityfan
Mass flow
.005 m2
Velocityfan 45.523m
s
Velocity after the FanVelocity at Inlet
Velocityafter 62.53m
s
Velocityinlet 30m
s
Pressure Across Duct
Pressure atm 101325Pa
Pressure fan Pressure atm
1 Velocityfan2
2
Pressure fan 100.098kPa
Pressure inlet Pressure atm Velocityinlet
2
2 Pressure inlet 100.792kPa