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Financial exclusion
In Poland
Katowice, 09.05.2014
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Team:
Filip Kałamaga Kasia Karwacka Maciej Czempiel
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Agenda
Introduction Level and structure of financial exclusion Causes and consequences of financial
exclusion Government role in preventing financial
exclusion Institutions and their actions Characteristic of “SKOK” Conclusions
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Introduction
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What is financial exlcusion?
A state in which all people have access to appropriate, desired financial products and services in order to manage their money effectively. It is achieved by financial literacy and financial capability on the part of the consumer, and access on the part of financial product, services and advice suppliers
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Area312,679 km2 (70th)
Population38 533 299 (34th)
PPP -Total $813.988 billion (21st)-Per capita $21,118 (49th)
GDP -Total $513,934 billion (23rd)-Per capita $13,334 (54th)
Unemployment =13.0%
Accession to the EU – 1 May, 2004
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LEVEL AND STRUCTURE OF FINANCIAL EXCLUSION
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2000-2005 Below 60 % of Polish population over 15
year old had a bank account
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2006-2009 After the survey by NBP in 2009 this proportion amounted
to 77%
PEOPLE LIVING IN EUROPEAN UNION WHO USE BANK ACCOUNTS (2009, %): source: NBP
12. Austria - 9413. Malta - 9314. Luxemburg - 9315. Portugal - 8916. Spain - 8817. Slovenia - 8818. Cyprus - 8619. Czech Republic - 8620. Slovakia - 8521. Lithuania - 8122. Poland - 77
1. Finland - 992. Denmark - 993. Sweden - 984. Belgium - 985. France - 976. UK - 967. Estonia - 968. Germany - 969. Grece - 9610. Irland - 9511. Holand - 94
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2009-2012 ¼ of Polish people still have no access to
financial services
Why people are not willing to be active?
It is not necessary for themThey prefer to keep money in cashThey don’t have enough money to investThe lack of trust
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AMONG THOSE, WHO ARE IN THE BIGGEST DANGER OF FINANCIAL EXCLUSION People over 65 years of age - 57% of this group do not have an account (in
comparison to those aged 35-44 years the proportion of people without accounts amounted to 4%)
inhabitants with low incomes 41% of people living in households with incomes not exceeding 1300 zl does not have a bank account (among households with incomes at the level of 2400 to 3800 zł - 8%)
Low-educated (primary, basic) – 68 % while high-educated – 1 %
Retirees, pensioners and students - the percentage of people who do not have an account amounted to 50% , in the case of pensioners, 46% for pensioners and 41% for students).
Residents of rural areas - 28% (for example among the inhabitants of cities in size from 20 to 99 thousand the proportion of residents with no bank account is 14%)
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Causes and consequences of financial exclusion
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Causes
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Type of factorsNumber of countries in which there was
identified financial exclusion
social factors
Technical loop 10/26
changes in job sector 8/26
injustice in income 8/26
market liberalisation, paying less attention to marginal market segments 6/26
market liberalisation, dissapearing of institution for people of low income 5/26
social help 5/26
social changes 4/26
money loundering 3/26
monetary policy 3/26
demographic changes - young people 2/26
demographic changes - migrations 2/26
supply factors
Risk evaluation 8/26
marketing 8/26
geographic access 7/26
product design 7/26
service providing 7/27
complex of choice 7/28
price 4/26
type of product 1/26
demand factors
cost related problems 8/26
belief that it is not for poor/low selfestime 8/26
fear of loosing financial control 7/26
lack of trust to service providers 7/26
alternative choices, cultural factors 4/26
religion 4/26
bad experiences 1/26
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Effects:
Financial exclusion -> social exclusion
Impact on integration within modern European societies
Inconveniences and difficulties
Danger of poverty
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Government goals and role for preventing financial exlclusion
Education Preventing poverty Unemployment Disabled peoples Social care
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National Bank of Poland
Economic Education Portal NBPortal.pl
Educational programmes for schools, teachers
Project: The Accessible Bank
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Financial Services Commission
Week of Savings on 31 October on the occasion of World Savings Day
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Institutions and their actions
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Years
Number of
branches
Number member
s
Loans(in thousand
zł.)Years
Number of
branches
Number members
Loans(in
thousand zł.)
2013 1 892 2 660 12 035 809 2004 1 461 1 169 2 856 265
2012 1 987 2 591 11 090 601 2003 1 285 924 2 212 939
2011 1 934 2 315 10 906 655 2002 923 703 1 659 780
2010 1 851 2 177 9 792 675 2001 680 525 1 235 554
2009 1 801 2 026 8 411 273 2000 560 394 865 748
2008 1 757 1 856 6 932 627 1999 420 306 668 386
2007 1 663 1 669 5 147 320 1998 290 259 412 482
2006 1 589 1 551 4 047 299 1997 237 194 280 598
2005 1 553 1 395 3 502 929 1996 168 138 160 843
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