Download - First aid
WELCOME TO
WELCOME TO FIRST AID1
2What is FIRST AID ?
3FIRST AID IS.A matter of Common SenseApplication of mindSwift Response
4DEFINITION First aidis the provision of initial care for anillnessorinjury.
It is usually performed by non-expert, but trained personnel to a sick or injured person until definitivemedical treatmentcan be accessed.
Certain self-limiting illnesses or minor injuries may not require further medical care past the first aid intervention.
It generally consists of a series of simple and in some cases, potentially life-saving techniques that an individual can be trained to perform with minimal equipment.
5SCOPE OF FIRST AIDFrom the definition four things are apparent :
PREVENT further deterioration
PRESERVE in the same condition
PROMOTE recovery
To arrange for regular Medical AID
6METHOD OF FIRST AID
Diagnosis TreatmentDisposal
7DIAGNOSIS BASED ON
Circumstantial EvidenceSignsSymptoms (Patient tells)
(you observe)
8PRIORITIES OF FIRST AID
Check BreathingCheck Blood lossTreat Shock
Treat FractureLook For Simple InjuriesDisposal
9BREATHING PROCESS
10CHECK BREATHING
Can Hear It Can Feel ItCan Observe It
(Normal Person Breathes 15-18 Times In One Minute)
11ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION
Mouth To Mouth Mouth To Nose
@ 10 Breaths Per Minute& Check Pulse
Give 2 ventilations if there is no breathing
12CHEST COMPRESSION(Give 30 Compression if there is no Circulation)
13RECOVERY POSITION (In case of unconscious casualty)
14BLEEDING (HAMEORRAGE)
Blood Contains About 5 Liters in a normal body
- Red cells- White cells- Plasma
15BLOOD CIRCULATES THROUGH
Arteries
Carry Blood from Heart to body
Capillaries
Small Blood Vessels
Veins
Carry Blood Back to Heart
16CIRCULATORY PROCESS
17CIRCULATORY PROCESS
Blood react with Oxygen returns with Heart
Where it is pumped out to the body
18CIRCULATORY PROCESS
Blood is collected from the Body19CIRCULATORY PROCESS
It is pumped to lungs to collect Oxygen20CIRCULATORY PROCESS
21CYCLE OF FLOW OF BLOOD LV
Body
RARV
RVL1L2LALV
(LUNGS)(HEART)(HEART)(72-80 Times in one minute)
22HOW TO CHECK BLEEDING ? (HAEMORRHAGE)
Direct Pressure Indirect Pressure
Press Near the woundApply dressingPress The Pressure Point Temporal Region 2 Back of Ear 2 Jaw 2 Collar Bone 2 Armpit 2 Upper Arm 2 Wrist 2 Elbow-2 Sides of Abdomen 2 Groin 2 Back of Knee 2 Ankle - 2
Pressure bandageUse a roller bandage (preferably crepe bandage)b)Give support to the limb
23INTERNAL BLEEDING
Bleeding from Nose/Ears.Bleeding from Lungs with coughFrom Stomach with Vomiting
Through Urine (Bladder, Unitary track, Kidney) Through Rectum with Stool (injury in intestines)
TREATMENT Handle Carefully and transport for Medical AID
24Impairment of Normal Functioning of Body, is Shock.SHOCKTwo TypesEstablished ShockNervous Shock
Asphyxia
Bleeding
Sickness
Bad/Good News
Heat/Cold/Hunger
Injury to Brain/Spine
25SHOCK : SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
Discoloration of FaceLoss of PowerSlow/weak Pulse
Cold SweatingIrregular Breathing/Shallow breathingNausea & Giddiness
Clammy & Sandy SkinFall in Temperature
26SHOCK TREATMENT
Remove Cause From Effect
Lay down the Patient & Loose Clothing
Let Fresh Air Come
Reassure the Patient
Try to Maintain Temperature
Resort to Artificial Respiration
Arrange Medical Aid
SHOCK TREATMENT DO NOT GIVE ANYTHING ORALLY
GIVE NORMAL HOT OR COLD WHEN PATIENT IS CONSCIOUS OR REGAINS CONSCIOUSNESS
ALWAYS SEEK MEDICAL ADVICE27
Skeleton System
28
SKELETONHEAD CAVITY : BRAIN/EYES/EARS /MOUTH/JAWS.
CHEST ACAVITY : LUNGS/HEART/ SPLEEN/LEVER/ KIDNEYS
STOMACH : DIGESTIVE SYSTEM/ EXCRETARY SYSTEM
SMALL LIMBS : HANDS/ARMS/ FEET/LEGS ETC . 29
BONES IN BODY
An adult human skeleton consists of 206 bones.These include:
22 Cranial and Facial Bones 6 Ear Bones
1 Throat Bone 4 Shoulder Bones
25 Chest Bones 26 Vertebral Bones
6 Arm and Forearm bones 54 Hand Bones
2 Pelvic Bones 8 Leg Bones 52 Foot Bones
30
JOINTS
MOVEABLE
PARTIALLY MOVEABLE
IMMOVEABLE31
TYPES OF JOINTS
HINGE JOINTS
PIVOTAL JOINTS
BALL & SOCKET JOINTS32
33FRACTUREAny Breaking, Bending, Dislocation or Cracking of Bone is called Fracture.
TYPES OF FRACTURE SIMPLE OR CLOSED COMPOUND COMPLICATED COMMINUTED DEPRESSED IMPACTED GREENSTICK34
CAUSES OF FRACTURE
DIRECT INJURY
INDIRECT INJURY
MUSCULAR CONTRACTION OR EXPANSION35
36FRACTURE : SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
PainSwellingTenderness
Loss of PowerDeformityUnnatural Movement
Irregularity
Crapitus
37FRACTURE TREATMENT
Make The Patient ComfortablePrevent Any MovementCheck Bleeding
Treat for ShockImmobilize the LimbGive Support
Transportation.
MuscularSystem38
39WOUNDS Any cut in the outer surface of the body is a wound or impairment in the blood vessels.
Wounds are of two types:
OPEN
CLOSED (mostly head injuries)
40WOUNDS TYPES / CLASSIFICATIONS
INCISED
PUNCTURED
LACERATEDCONTUSED
41WOUNDS TREATMENT
LAYDOWN THE PATIENT OR ASK HIM TO SIT DOWN
LIFT THE LIMB IF POSSIBLE
APPLY PRESSURE ON THE WOUND - ON PRESSURE POINT
42WOUNDS TREATMENT
IN CASE OF INTERNAL BLEEDING:APPLY COLD FORMULATIONS
APPLY TOURNIQUET (All precautions)
43BURNS & SCALDS
Burn is an injury to the body by excessive heat or excessive cold.
Burns : Dry Heat (fire, flame, metal, sun, electricity etc and friction
Scalds : Moist Heat (steam, boiling water, milk, tea, oil etc)
ChemicalBurns : Acids : H2SO4 , Nitric Acid, Hcl
Alkalis : Caustic Soda, Potash, Ammonia or quick lime
Gases : Liquid O2 or Nitrogen
44BURNS & SCALDS
Area and not the degree of burn is important(Rule of 9)
BURN CAUSESIntense Pain
Shock
Infection
Scars after Healing
45BURNS & SCALDS
MANAGEMENTReassure the patientClean wrap the woundCover the woundWash with fresh waterKeep the patient warmKeep hands above the heart & feet elevatedKeep the face prop & observe continuouslyCold pack may also be applied (not excessive cold)Do not remove clothingDo not break blistersTreat for shockMove quickly to hospitalRemove ring, watch, bangles, belt & bootsCan give weak soda & salt solution if patient is conscious and not vomiting.
46BURNS & SCALDS
FOR MINOR BURNSClean the AreaSubmerge in waterGive soda & salt solutionCover DryWarm drinksWash well for chemical corrosive burnsCan also neutralize and diluteRemove contaminated clothingWash the face/eye sidewaysNo rubbing of eyes
47POISONPoison is any such thing which after coming into contact or entering the body is capable of causing harm or leads to deathIt can be:
Accidental orIntentional
Can enter the Body:
Through mouth (solid or liquid)Through skin (injection or sting etc)Through nose (gases or toxic fumes)
48POISONPoison may be:
Corrosive or burning (acids, alkalis, insecticides)Non-Corrosive (decomposed food, fungus etc)Depressants (opium, dhatura, sankhiya etc)
Signs and Symptoms
If through mouth (nausia, vomiting, lose motions, and stomach-ache)Burning of lips, tongue, mouth and throatAffect the brain (can cause asphyxia, deep sleep, fits, unconsciousness and giddiness
49POISONTREATMENT
Call the doctor immediatelyKeep samples, if possible, of poison, bottle, box or vomitIf Unconscious-Do not induce vomiting-Keep the patient in recovery position-Artificial respiration, if neededIf Conscious-Give enough water to drink-Do not induce vomiting if acid, alkali or any other chemical is taken-Induce vomiting in other cases(a) By luke warm salty water(b) By irritating tongue/throatGive antidote if availableKeep the patient warm
50SIMPLE INJURY
Disinfect the woundWash with waterCover with any clean thing
Dont apply any lotion except diluted mercurochrome Tincture Iodine etc.Use disinfectant sprays if available
51Transportation
Seek for Ambulance(local Hospital or Nursing home)Use Stretcher
Handle the spine fracture victim with utmost care and CautionOR
Place the patient under proper care102 : Ambulance1099 : Cats(Improvise if not available) (Bicycle, coil, shirt or Blanket etc,)
52MODES OF CARRYING Single Person (One First Aiders)
Cradle
Human Crutch
53MODES OF CARRYING
Pick a Back
Fire mans lift
54MODES OF CARRYING Hand Seat (Two First Aiders)
Four Handed Seat
Two Arm Seat (When The Casualty is Co-operating)
55MODES OF CARRYING
when not conscious or cant assist
Use Hand lock
56MODES OF CARRYING
When space does not permittwo hand seat
Improvised (chair)
57MODES OF CARRYING
Carrying Stretcher
58TRIANGULAR BANDAGE
3838(Preferably Marcin cloth)We get Two Triangular Bandages
59TRIANGULAR BANDAGE
60FIRST AID BOX Large : 17 x 10 x 6 Medium : 16 x 7 x 4Small : 5 x 3 x 2
61FIRST AID BOX EquipmentCONTENTS
Dressings
Medicine for Local Application
Medicine for OralApplication
62FIRST AID BOX Safety PinsEquipment
Scissors
Pad & Pen
Measuring Cup
Torch
Splints
Bamboo Sticks
Cotton WoolDressings
Sterilized Dressings
Eye Pad
Adhesive Plaster
Roller Bandages
Triangular Bandages
Gauze
Band-aids
Stretch Bandage
63FIRST AID BOX Savlon/DettolFor Local Application
Eye drops/Ointment
Tincture Iodine
Tincture Benzoin
Iodex etc.
SaltFor Oral Application
Sugar
Sodamint
Aspirin(250-350 mg.)
Medicines
EYEFOREIGN OBJECTSLOCAL INJURYBLEEDINGS Internal External
Over exposureAny inflammation or infection
64
DONTS
DO NOT RUB THE EYESDO NOT PANICDO NOT USE ANY MEDICINE65
DOS KEEP CALM
REMOVE FOREIGN OBJECTS IF POSSIBLE
GIVE COLD COMPRESS IN CASE OF INTERNAL BLEEDING
WASH THE EYE WITH FRESH WATER FOR ANY CHEMICAL BURN SMALL FOREIGN OBJECT66
67The End
RESHOP NANDA .P JAITHAR .I PRAVEEN KUMAR .S Rajasimman .P RAMANAN .S68DONE BY :