First Cryomodule Delivered for LCLS-II | 28
� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � !� � " � � � � # � � � $ % � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � &' � � # � � � ( ) � � % � � � * � � � � + � � � � � # � � � � � � � � , -� � � � � � � � # � � � � � % � � � � � � � � . � � � # / � � � � # � � � � , 0� / � � % � � � � � 1 � � � � � 2 3 � � � � � � 3 , ! � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � ,
Volume 34 Number 1
Cold Facts | February 2018 | Volume 34 Number 1 www.cryogenicsociety.org5
Creating a Competitive Advantage with Chillzilla CO2
Design and Manufacture of Liquid Helium Vessels
Efficient Gettering Helps Keep Bulk Vessels Cool
Handling BOG in Micro-scale LNG Production
Fermilab Delivers First Cryomodule for Ultrapowerful X-ray
Laser at SLAC
Young Professionals: The Next Generation in Cryogenics
NIST Fires Up Digital Switch that Mimics Processing of
Human Brain
US Jury Sides with AMSC, Convicts Chinese Company for
Intellectual Property Theft
Book Review: Thermodynamic Properties of Cryogenic
Fluids
Conference Connect
Executive Director’s Letter
Defining Cryogenics
Cryo-Oops
Space Cryogenics
Superconducting Magnet Sets 32–T World Record
Cryotherm Opens Atlanta Office and Warehouse
Energy Secretary Tours Labs, Praises Researchers
TRIUMF Celebrating 50-Year Anniversary in 2018
Inside This Issue
In all instances, 4 CSA CSM 5 indicates a Corporate Sustaining Member of CSA.
ON OUR COVER DID YOU KNOW?
The first of 37 new cryomodules
has been delivered to SLAC National
Accelerator Laboratory for its planned
LCLS-II upgrade. The cover photo shows
the unit at the Cryomodule Test Facility
at Fermi National Accelerator Labora-
tory (CSA CSM), where 22 of the mod-
ules are under construction. Read more
on page 28.
Dr. Ray Radebaugh will return to the podium once again
for CSA’s Foundations of Cryocoolers Short Course, presented
June 18 before ICC20. Joining Radebaugh is Dr. Peter Shirron.
Register today: http://2csa.us/shortcourses.
CSA’s Cryogenic Safety webinar series drew 329 regis-
tered attendees. Access archived sessions at http://2csa.
us/webinars.
Dr. J.G. Weisend’s new book “He is for Helium” is now
available on CSA’s website: http://2csa.us/he. It’s an in-
valuable resource for anyone wishing to expand their knowl-
edge of the “must know” terms for work in cryogenics.
3826 44
FEATURES COLUMNS
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28
32
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42
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23
25
26
16
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20
21
16
SPOTLIGHTS
CALENDAR
PEOPLE & COMPANIES
PRODUCT SHOWCASE43
44
45
Cold Facts | February 2018 | Volume 34 Number 1 www.cryogenicsociety.org37
6 7 8 9 7 : ; 6 < : 7 8 ; 6 7 : = ; > ? 6 < @ = 7 ? A ? < 9 7 : B C D E@ < B 6 = D F 8 ; F D 7 6 ? A 7 D 7 : F G 6 : ; D ? 8 = ? ? = C D A= 8 ; F = D F ; D @ > = H < 7 I G = D F F ; ? 7 ? JK L M N M O P N L P Q R S N T Q U R O N M V N W P X P Y ZR U Q P V N S T V [ O \ R ] P V T [ S ^ _ D 7 C I 6 ` 7 8 C ? 6= 8 9 C : 6 ; D 6 @ 7 a 7 > C 9 8 7 D 6 ? = D B : G C F 7 D = B ? = ?? < 9 7 : B C D @ < B 6 = D F 8 ; F D 7 6 6 7 B ` D C > C F G J b ` 7; @ a ; D B 7 ? = D 6 ` = ? I = 7 > @ ` ; a 7 c 7 7 D = D ? 6 : < E8 7 D 6 ; > = D @ 7 a 7 > C 9 = D F d e f ? A g d e ? ; D @C 6 ` 7 : @ 7 a = B 7 ? 6 ` ; 6 ` ; a 7 B C D 6 : = c < 6 7 @ 6 C C < := D B : 7 ; ? 7 @ h D C i > 7 @ F 7 ; D @ ; > > C i 7 @ I C : I < : E6 ` 7 : 8 7 @ = B ; > ; D @ ? B = 7 D 6 = I = B ; @ a ; D B 7 8 7 D 6 ? Jj 7 ; : 7 B C D 6 = D < C < ? > G I C B < ? = D F C D ; > = F D = D FC < : B : G C : 7 I : = F 7 : ; 6 C : @ 7 a 7 > C 9 8 7 D 6 ? 6 C 9 : C Ea = @ 7 6 ` 7 D 7 k 6 c 7 ? 6 ? C > < 6 = C D I C : 6 ` 7 B ` ; > > 7 D F 7 ?9 : 7 ? 7 D 6 7 @ 6 C < ? JK L M N M W X M V [ P S W R \ R l L R U P N R S P PT V N L P m l N l O P ^ n D G D 7 i @ = ? B C a 7 : G ` ; ? 6 ` 79 C 6 7 D 6 = ; > 6 C @ : ; ? 6 = B ; > > G B ` ; D F 7 6 ` 7 B C < : ? 7 C I? B = 7 D 6 = I = B ` = ? 6 C : G J o ; : > G = D @ = B ; 6 C : ? 6 7 > > < ? 6 ` ; 6; @ a ; D B 7 ? = D H < ; D 6 < 8 B C 8 9 < 6 = D F i = > > > 7 ; @6 C 8 ; p C : ? B = 7 D 6 = I = B c : 7 ; h 6 ` : C < F ` ? ; B : C ? ? 6 ` 7? B = 7 D 6 = I = B A 8 ; 6 ` 7 8 ; 6 = B ; > ; D @ 8 7 @ = B ; > B C 8 E8 < D = 6 = 7 ? J q = a 7 D 6 ` 7 F : C i = D F = D @ < ? 6 : G E i = @ 7I C B < ? C D H < ; D 6 < 8 B C 8 9 < 6 = D F A f 6 ` = D h i 7i = > > ? 6 ; : 6 6 C ? 7 7 6 ; D F = c > 7 : 7 ? < > 6 ? = D 6 ` 7 D 7 k 6I = a 7 6 C r s G 7 ; : ? JK L P O P [ M V O P M W P O S m T V W R l N Q R O PM t R l N \ R l O U O R u P [ N S ^ v : G C 8 7 B ` w ? ? ; > 7 ? ; D @8 ; : h 7 6 = D F 6 7 ; 8 @ C 7 ? ; D 7 k B 7 9 6 = C D ; > p C c C I< D a 7 = > = D F ; D @ 9 : C 8 C 6 = D F 6 ` 7 9 : C @ < B 6 ? 6 ` ; 6v : G C 8 7 B ` ` ; ? @ 7 a 7 > C 9 7 @ J f D I C : 8 ; 6 = C D B ; Dc 7 I C < D @ a = ; 9 < c > = B ; 6 = C D ? ? < B ` ; ? 6 ` = ? C D 7 AC < : i 7 c ? = 6 7 A [ O \ R Q P [ L x [ R Q A ; D @ ? C B = ; >8 7 @ = ; C < 6 > 7 6 ? ? < B ` ; ? y = D h 7 @ f D J
z \ P W l [ M N T R V M Y M V W U O R m P S S T R V M Yt M [ { ] O R l V W | f ` ; a 7 ; } } n = D 8 ; : h 7 6 = D FI : C 8 6 ` 7 ~ D = a 7 : ? = 6 G C I v = D B = D D ; 6 = � � s s � �
; D @ ; d } n = D = D 6 7 : D ; 6 = C D ; > c < ? = D 7 ? ? I : C 8� ; a = 7 : ~ D = a 7 : ? = 6 G � � s r � � Jf i ; ? ` = : 7 @ ; ? ; 9 : C 9 C ? ; > 7 D F = D 7 7 : I C :6 ` 7 d n q E f n � A y y v � d n q E f n � � 8 ; B ` = D 76 C C > c < = > @ 7 : = D � s s � J d G c < ? = D 7 ? ? < D = 6 I C EB < ? 7 @ C D 9 : C a = @ = D F B C D ? < 8 ; c > 7 ? ? < B ` ; ?8 7 6 ; > i C : h = D F I > < = @ ? A B < 6 6 = D F 6 C C > ? ; D @i C : h ` C > @ = D F J f D � s r s A d n q E f n � B : 7 ; 6 7 @; B : G C F 7 D = B 8 ; B ` = D = D F c < ? = D 7 ? ? < D = 6 A ; D @? = D B 7 6 ` 7 D f w a 7 c 7 7 D i C : h = D F i = 6 ` 6 ` = ? 6 7 B ` ED C > C F G J f D � s r � A � d o A y y v i ; ? B : 7 ; 6 7 @ ; ? ;? 9 = D E C < 6 C I d n q E f n � A ; > > C i = D F I C : 6 ` 7 6 7 B ` ED C > C F G 6 C c 7 C I I 7 : 7 @ ; B : C ? ? ; > > 8 ; B ` = D 7 6 C C >c : ; D @ ? ; D @ 9 > ; 6 I C : 8 ? J f C : = F = D ; > > G i C : h 7 @; ? ; 9 : C p 7 B 6 8 ; D ; F 7 : A c < 6 f w a 7 ` 7 > @ ; D @c 7 7 D : 7 ? 9 C D ? = c > 7 I C : a ; : = C < ? 9 : C p 7 B 6 8 ; D E; F 7 8 7 D 6 A c < ? = D 7 ? ? @ 7 a 7 > C 9 8 7 D 6 A 6 7 B ` D = B ; >? ; > 7 ? ; D @ 8 ; : h 7 6 = D F I < D B 6 = C D ? J� R � � ] R N T V N R [ O \ R ] P V T [ S | j ` = > 7? 6 = > > 9 ; : 6 C I 6 ` 7 d n q E f n � C : F ; D = � ; 6 = C D A fi ; ? c : C < F ` 6 = D ; ? 9 ; : 6 C I 6 ` 7 C : = F = D ; > 6 7 ; 8; ? ? = F D 7 @ 6 C 6 ` 7 B C D 6 = D < 7 @ @ 7 a 7 > C 9 8 7 D 6; D @ B C 8 8 7 : B = ; > = � ; 6 = C D C I i ` ; 6 = ? D C i6 ` 7 9 ; 6 7 D 6 7 @ � d o � v : G C F 7 D = B d ; B ` = D = D Fb 7 B ` D C > C F G J � C : 6 ` 7 9 ; ? 6 7 = F ` 6 G 7 ; : ? A f w a 7i C : h 7 @ i = 6 ` 6 ` = ? 6 7 B ` D C > C F G A i ` = B ` I C B < ? 7 ?C D 6 ` 7 ; c = > = 6 G 6 C 7 I I = B = 7 D 6 > G @ 7 > = a 7 : > = H < = @ D = E6 : C F 7 D 6 ` : C < F ` ; 8 ; B ` = D 7 6 C C > A 6 ` : C < F ` 6 ` 78 ; B ` = D 7 w ? ? 9 = D @ > 7 � 6 < : : 7 6 � : ; 8 A ; D @ = D 6 7 : D ; > > G= D 6 C 6 ` 7 B < 6 6 = D F 6 C C > ; ? ; 8 7 ; D ? 6 C C 9 6 = 8 = � 79 7 : I C : 8 ; D B 7 A 9 ; : 6 H < ; > = 6 G ; D @ ? < ? 6 ; = D ; c = > = 6 G Jz \ Q P V N R O M V W Q \ P � U P O T P V [ P � T N LL T Q � L P O | � 9 7 B = I = B 6 C B : G C F 7 D = B ? A f i C < > @D ; 8 7 6 i C 9 7 C 9 > 7 J f w a 7 i C : h 7 @ i = 6 ` d = h 7� < @ F 7 A 6 ` 7 7 k 7 B < 6 = a 7 � � ; 6 � d o A I C : 8 G7 D 6 = : 7 B ; : 7 7 : J � 7 ` ; ? c 7 7 D = D ? 6 : < 8 7 D 6 ; > = D8 G @ 7 a 7 > C 9 8 7 D 6 ; ? ; c < ? = D 7 ? ? 9 : C I 7 ? ? = C D ; > A= D B > < @ = D F 8 G < D @ 7 : ? 6 ; D @ = D F C I ? 7 > > = D F ; D @9 : 7 ? 7 D 6 = D F D 7 i 6 7 B ` D C > C F = 7 ? J f w a 7 ; > ? Ci C : h 7 @ B > C ? 7 > G i = 6 ` q 7 C : F 7 q 7 C : F = C < A 6 ` 7B C 8 9 ; D G w ? > 7 ; @ B : G C F 7 D = B 7 D F = D 7 7 : J � 7 ` ; ?c 7 7 D = D ? 6 : < 8 7 D 6 ; > = D 8 G < D @ 7 : ? 6 ; D @ = D F C Ic C 6 ` F 7 D 7 : ; > B : G C F 7 D = B ? ; D @ B : G C F 7 D = B 8 ; EB ` = D = D F C I a ; : = C < ? 8 ; 6 7 : = ; > 6 G 9 7 ? JK L M N T S \ R l O U O P S P V N [ R Q U M V \ � U R S T ZN T R V ^ d ; D ; F 7 : C I d ; : h 7 6 = D F ; D @ v ` ; D D 7 >� ; > 7 ? A v : G C F 7 D = B ? ; 6 � d o A y y v� � M O W S � L R V R O S | d n q E f n � � < 6 < : 7y 7 ; @ 7 : � � s r r �z \ [ R V N O T t l N T R V S N R N L P [ O \ R Z] P V T [ m T P Y W | � = D B 7 � s r � A f w a 7 i C : h 7 @
C D c 7 ` ; > I C I � d o 6 C B ` ; D F 7 9 7 : B 7 9 6 = C D ?; D @ ` 7 > 9 < ? ` 7 : = D ; D 7 : ; C I ; B B 7 9 6 ; D B 7I C : B : G C F 7 D = B 8 ; B ` = D = D F A B C > > ; c C : ; 6 = D Fi = 6 ` F C a 7 : D 8 7 D 6 ; F 7 D B = 7 ? A D C D E 9 : C I = 6C : F ; D = � ; 6 = C D ? A < D = a 7 : ? = 6 = 7 ? ; D @ I C : E9 : C I = 6 B C 8 9 ; D = 7 ? J b ` 7 ? C 9 ` = ? 6 = B ; 6 = C D; D @ : C c < ? 6 D 7 ? ? C I � d o w ? @ 7 ? = F D ` ; ? ; > E> C i 7 @ I C : 6 ` 7 i = @ 7 ? 9 : 7 ; @ ; @ C 9 6 = C D ; D @; B B 7 9 6 ; D B 7 C I B : G C F 7 D = B ? ; ? D C 6 p < ? 6 ;: 7 9 > ; B 7 8 7 D 6 I C : B C D a 7 D 6 = C D ; > 9 : C B 7 ? ? 7 ?< 6 = > = � = D F 8 7 6 ; > i C : h = D F I > < = @ ? c < 6 : ; 6 ` 7 :; D C 9 6 = 8 = � 7 @ 8 7 6 ` C @ C > C F G JK L M N M O P N L P Q R S N T Q U R O N M V N W P ZX P Y R U Q P V N S T V [ O \ R ] P V T [ S ^ f D 6 ` 7 8 ; D < EI ; B 6 < : = D F = D @ < ? 6 : G A 6 ` 7 @ 7 a 7 > C 9 8 7 D 6 ; D @7 k 9 ; D ? = C D C I B : G C F 7 D = B 8 ; B ` = D = D F ? C > < E6 = C D ? I C : ; @ @ = 6 = C D ; > � 7 k C 6 = B � 8 ; 6 7 : = ; > ? = ? 6 ` 78 C ? 6 = 8 9 C : 6 ; D 6 D 7 k 6 ? 6 7 9 = D 7 k 9 ; D @ = D F 6 ` 76 7 B ` D C > C F G J n @ @ = 6 = C D ; > > G A B : G C F 7 D = B 8 ; EB ` = D = D F 6 7 B ` D C > C F G ; > > C i ? I C : 6 ` 7 ; c = > = 6 G 6 C7 I I = B = 7 D 6 > G ; D @ 7 I I 7 B 6 = a 7 > G 8 ; D < I ; B 6 < : 7 D 7 i8 ; 6 7 : = ; > ? D C 6 9 : 7 a = C < ? > G = D 6 : C @ < B 7 @ J } Gi C : h = D F 6 C < D @ 7 : ? 6 ; D @ 6 ` 7 > = 8 = 6 ; 6 = C D ? ; D @9 ; = D 9 C = D 6 ? C I 6 C @ ; G w ? 8 ; D < I ; B 6 < : 7 : ? A � d o= ? B C D ? 6 ; D 6 > G 7 k 9 ; D @ = D F 6 C 8 7 7 6 6 ` 7 D 7 7 @ ?C I 6 ` 7 = D @ < ? 6 : G JK L M N M W X M V [ P S W R \ R l L R U P N R S P PT V N L P m l N l O P ^ f i C < > @ > = h 7 6 C ? 7 7 B : G C EF 7 D = B 8 ; B ` = D = D F c 7 B C 8 7 B C 8 8 C D 9 > ; B 7 = D6 ` 7 8 ; D < I ; B 6 < : = D F = D @ < ? 6 : G J } G : 7 8 C a = D F8 7 6 ; > i C : h = D F I > < = @ ? ; D @ = D 6 : C @ < B = D F ;F : 7 7 D A 7 D 7 : F G E 7 I I = B = 7 D 6 8 ; B ` = D = D F 9 : C EB 7 ? ? A 8 ; D < I ; B 6 < : 7 : ? i = > > c 7 ; c > 7 6 C 8 C a 7I C : i ; : @ C D B : 7 ; 6 = D F 9 : C @ < B 6 ? D C 6 I 7 ; ? = c > 7i = 6 ` 6 C @ ; G w ? > = 8 = 6 ; 6 = C D ? i ` = > 7 ? = 8 < > 6 ; ED 7 C < ? > G : 7 @ < B = D F 6 ` 7 = : B ; : c C D I C C 6 9 : = D 6 Jb ` = ? i = D E i = D ? B 7 D ; : = C C I 7 k 9 ; D @ = D F9 : C @ < B 6 = C D B ; 9 ; c = > = 6 = 7 ? A : 7 @ < B = D F 9 ; : 6B C ? 6 ? A ; D @ = D B : 7 ; ? = D F ? < ? 6 ; = D ; c = > = 6 G = ? ;8 < ? 6 6 C ; @ a ; D B 7 8 ; D < I ; B 6 < : = D F I C : I < E6 < : 7 F 7 D 7 : ; 6 = C D ? J v : G C F 7 D = B 8 ; B ` = D = D Fi ; ? = D 6 : C @ < B 7 @ C a 7 : � s G 7 ; : ? ; F C c < 6 ` ; ?9 : C F : 7 ? ? 7 @ 7 k 9 C D 7 D 6 = ; > > G = D : 7 B 7 D 6 G 7 ; : ? A; D @ B < : : 7 D 6 F > C c ; > @ 7 8 ; D @ ? < F F 7 ? 6 ? 6 ` ; 6i C : > @ i = @ 7 ; @ C 9 6 = C D i = > > ` ; 9 9 7 D ? C C D 7 :: ; 6 ` 7 : 6 ` ; D > ; 6 7 : JK L P O P [ M V O P M W P O S m T V W R l N Q R O PM t R l N \ R l O U O R u P [ N S ^ e 7 ; @ 7 : ? B ; D I C > E> C i 8 7 C D y = D h 7 @ f D ; 6 � � � x Y T V { P W T V x[ R Q � T V � � T Y Y Z ] O l t P O Z � � � � t � � � � x � d o A y y v` ; ? ; : C c < ? 6 C D > = D 7 9 : 7 ? 7 D B 7 A = D B > < @ = D F= 6 ? i 7 c ? = 6 7 ; 6 � � � x � z � x [ R Q ; D @ ? C B = ; >9 : C I = > 7 ? C D y = D h 7 @ f D A � C < b < c 7 A � ; B 7 c C C h; D @ b i = 6 6 7 : J
Will Gruber, 32