““Eyes and Ears” of Maui Eyes and Ears” of Maui
Early Detection of Invasive Plants Early Detection of Invasive Plants and Animals on Mauiand Animals on Maui
Elizabeth Speith, USGS Pacific Basin Information NodeElizabeth Speith, USGS Pacific Basin Information Node
Lissa Fox, Maui Invasive Species CommitteeLissa Fox, Maui Invasive Species Committee
Pacific Basin Pacific Basin Information NodeInformation Node
https://pbin.nbii.gov
Weed ID Course OverviewWeed ID Course Overview
•Early detection in HawaiiEarly detection in Hawaii
•Plant and Animal IDPlant and Animal ID
• “ “Eyes and Ears” ProgramEyes and Ears” Program
An invasive species is...
An alien species whose introduction does or is likely to cause economic or environmental harm or harm to human health (Exec. Order 13112)
Not all alien plant species are invasive.
Not all invasive plants are alien.
Area
Time
# of individuals
Introduction
(Lag time)
Colonization
Naturalization
EARLY DETECTION/
RAPID REPSONSE
PREVENTION
MANAGEMENT
RESTORATION
Phases of Invasion and Associated Control StrategiesPhases of Invasion and Associated Control Strategies
““The easiest, least expensive, The easiest, least expensive, and most successful control and most successful control
programs are those that have programs are those that have detected the invader early.”detected the invader early.”
Early Detection and Rapid Response
- Baseline knowledge of existing pests
- Rapid assessment of new pests
- Limited pest range
- Agency capacity for response
When is When is eradication of eradication of pest plants a pest plants a realistic goal?realistic goal?
M. Rejmánek and M. J. Pitcairn, 2002
Turning the Tide: The Eradication of Invasive Species
Hawaii
Maritime Shipping Paths Across the Pacific
Maritime Shipping Paths Across the Pacific
Hawaii
Island Specific PestsIsland Specific Pests- HI Noxious Weeds and Injurious WildlifeHI Noxious Weeds and Injurious Wildlife
- US Noxious Weeds, Plant Pests, PathogensUS Noxious Weeds, Plant Pests, Pathogens
- Newly naturalized and established pestsNewly naturalized and established pests
ISC Early Detection ISC Early Detection ProgramsPrograms
- Roadside and ‘hotspot” surveys
- Hawaii weed risk assessment
- Outreach programs
- “Eyes and Ears” program
- Hoike o Haleakala
ResidentialNaturalized.011IslandYesVerbascum thapsus
ResidentialNaturalized.11LocalNoSideroxylon persimile
WildlandNaturalized1+5IslandNoPittosporum viridiflorum
WildlandCultivated.011LocalYesMorella faya
WildlandNaturalized.12IslandNoMorella cerifera
ResidentialNot sure.0011IslandYesMelastoma sanguineum
ResidentialCultivated.011IslandYesMaclura pomifera
ResidentialCultivated.012LocalYesMacaranga tanarius
ResidentialCultivated .00012IslandYesMacaranga mappa
ResidentialNot sure.011LocalYesCaesalpinia decapetala
ResidentialNaturalized.11IslandYesAcacia retinodes
ResidentialCultivated.013IslandNoAcacia podalyriifolia
ResidentialNot Sure1+3IslandNoAcacia mangium
ResidentialNot sure1+3IslandNoAcacia auriculiformis
Land UseStatusAcreage
Locations
ScaleControl-led?
Scientific Name
From: EXPERIMENTAL ERADICATIONS OF POTENTIALLY INVASIVE PLANT SPECIES ON THE ISLAND OF MAUI, HAWAII, 2006
Forest Starr, Kim Starr1, and Lloyd L. Loope
- Conservation workers
- Harbor/dock workers
- Teachers
- County Road Crews
- Landscape professionals
- Hikers
- Hunters and Anglers
- General Public
- Utility workers
- Neighborhood Associations
““Eyes and Ears” Early Detection NetworkEyes and Ears” Early Detection Network
Visit: www.reportapest.org
Weed ID Course OverviewWeed ID Course Overview
•Early detection in HawaiiEarly detection in Hawaii
•Plant and Animal IDPlant and Animal ID
• “ “Eyes and Ears” ProgramEyes and Ears” Program
LFA
Little Fire AntLittle Fire Ant((Wasmannia auropunctataWasmannia auropunctata))
Investigate it!Investigate it!Inspect it!Inspect it!Report it!Report it!
Pig blinded from Pig blinded from LFA bitesLFA bites
Entire colony of LFA in a Entire colony of LFA in a Macadamia nutshellMacadamia nutshell
Cacao tree infested Cacao tree infested with LFAwith LFA
Fire ant bitesFire ant bites
LFA Impacts: Quality of life, LFA Impacts: Quality of life, agriculture, and ecologicalagriculture, and ecological
LFA
Little Fire AntLittle Fire Ant((Wasmannia auropunctataWasmannia auropunctata))
Investigate it!Investigate it!Inspect it!Inspect it!Report it!Report it!
Little Fire AntLittle Fire Ant((Wasmannia auropunctataWasmannia auropunctata))
Investigate it!Investigate it!Inspect it!Inspect it!Report it!Report it!
Location of Survey: (Example- 123 Olinda Rd., Makawao, HI, makai side of garden)
Date (month, date, year):
Collector Name and affliliation:
Collector Phone #:
Observations: Did the ant sting? Is ant slow or fast? Are nests visible?
Finding LFAFinding LFAPeanut butter trapsPeanut butter trapsFinding LFAFinding LFAPeanut butter trapsPeanut butter traps
1) Peanut butter chopstick bait
2) Leave for 2 hours in area that you
suspect LFA
3) Carefully place ant covered chopstick in
ziplock with label
4) Freeze ants overnight
4) Take your ant sample to HDOA at the airport or call MISC 573-PEST to arrange for a pick-up.
Finding LFAFinding LFAPlaces you might find LFAPlaces you might find LFA
WaysidesWaysides New LandscapingNew Landscaping
Nurseries/ Fruit StandsNurseries/ Fruit StandsShipments from infested Shipments from infested
areas of Big Islandareas of Big Island
Don’t Forget!Don’t Forget!
Little Fire AntLittle Fire AntLOOK ALIKE!LOOK ALIKE!
Tropical fire antTropical fire ant((Solenopsis geminataSolenopsis geminata))
3-5 mm (1/8-1/4 in)3-5 mm (1/8-1/4 in)
Investigate it!Investigate it!Inspect it!Inspect it!Report it!Report it!
Little Fire AntLittle Fire AntLOOK ALIKE!LOOK ALIKE!
Tetramorium Tetramorium ant ant
((Tetramorium Tetramorium simillimumsimillimum)
Investigate it!Investigate it!Inspect it!Inspect it!Report it!Report it!
Banana Bunchy Top VirusBanana Bunchy Top VirusInvestigate it!Investigate it!Inspect it!Inspect it!Report it!Report it!
With 20 known native varieties still alive on Maui, the Valley Isle is the capital of heirloom bananas. BBTV
endangers these cultural treasures.
Banana Bunchy Top VirusBanana Bunchy Top Virus
BBTV
BBTV
-Morse CodeMorse Code-Green “J” HooksGreen “J” Hooks
CoquiCoqui((Eleutherodactylus coquiEleutherodactylus coqui))
Investigate it!Investigate it!Inspect it!Inspect it!Report it!Report it!
Coqui Coqui LOOK ALIKE!LOOK ALIKE!
Greenhouse frogGreenhouse frog((EleutherodactyluEleutherodactylu
s planirostriss planirostris)
Investigate it!Investigate it!Inspect it!Inspect it!Report it!Report it!
Jubata GrassJubata Grass ( (Cortaderia Cortaderia species)species)
Investigate it!Investigate it!Inspect it!Inspect it!Report it!Report it!
Dark greenDark green leaves leaves (C. jubata)(C. jubata)Both are sharply toothed and can cut when rubbed the wrong way!Both are sharply toothed and can cut when rubbed the wrong way!
Narrow bluish-green leavesNarrow bluish-green leaves (C. selloana) (C. selloana)
Jubata GrassJubata Grass ( (Cortaderia Cortaderia species)species)
Investigate it!Investigate it!Inspect it!Inspect it!Report it!Report it!
Jubata GrassJubata Grass ( (Cortaderia Cortaderia species)species)
Investigate it!Investigate it!Inspect it!Inspect it!Report it!Report it!
Jubata GrassJubata Grass ( (Cortaderia Cortaderia species)species)
Investigate it!Investigate it!Inspect it!Inspect it!Report it!Report it!
Investigate it!Investigate it!Inspect it!Inspect it!Report it!Report it!
Grows in a bunchGrows in a bunch
Fountain GrassFountain GrassPennisetum setaceumPennisetum setaceum
Fountain GrassFountain GrassPennisetum setaceumPennisetum setaceum
Investigate it!Investigate it!Inspect it!Inspect it!Report it!Report it!
Red flowers shaped like a Red flowers shaped like a bottle-cleaning brushbottle-cleaning brush
Investigate it!Investigate it!Inspect it!Inspect it!Report it!Report it!
Fountain Grass Fountain Grass LOOK-ALIKE!LOOK-ALIKE!
Red Fountain Grass Red Fountain Grass (Pennisetum macrostachyum)(Pennisetum macrostachyum)
Molasses grass Molasses grass (Melinus minutiflora)(Melinus minutiflora)
Ivy GourdIvy GourdCoccinia grandis
Investigate it!Investigate it!Inspect it!Inspect it!Report it!Report it!
- Star shaped flowers- Star shaped flowers- Red Fruit 1-3 in long- Red Fruit 1-3 in long
Ivy GourdIvy GourdCoccinia grandis
Investigate it!Investigate it!Inspect it!Inspect it!Report it!Report it!
Variable leavesVariable leaves
Investigate it!Investigate it!Inspect it!Inspect it!Report it!Report it!
Ivy GourdIvy Gourd LOOK-ALIKE!LOOK-ALIKE!
Bitter melonBitter melon
(Momordica charantia)(Momordica charantia)
Rubber VineRubber VineCryptostegia spp.
Investigate it!Investigate it!Inspect it!Inspect it!Report it!Report it!
- Purple funnel shaped flowers- Purple funnel shaped flowers-Glossy leavesGlossy leaves
- Produce white latex sapProduce white latex sap
Rubber VineRubber VineCryptostegia spp.
Investigate it!Investigate it!Inspect it!Inspect it!Report it!Report it!
Rubber VineRubber VineCryptostegia spp.
Investigate it!Investigate it!Inspect it!Inspect it!Report it!Report it!
Investigate it!Investigate it!Inspect it!Inspect it!Report it!Report it!
Rubber VineRubber Vine LOOK-ALIKE!LOOK-ALIKE!
Purple AlamandaPurple Alamanda
(Allamanda violacea)(Allamanda violacea)
Brazilian jasmineBrazilian jasmine
(Mandevilla sanderi)(Mandevilla sanderi)
Weed ID Course OverviewWeed ID Course Overview
•Early detection in HawaiiEarly detection in Hawaii
•Plant and Animal IDPlant and Animal ID
• “ “Eyes and Ears” ProgramEyes and Ears” Program
BECOME MAUI’S EYES AND EARS!
WWW.REPORTAPEST.ORGWWW.REPORTAPEST.ORG
Don’t plant a pest.• Avoid planting any plant that may potentially
become invasive. Use the HAWAII WEED RISK ASSESSMENT
• Carefully inspect plants before purchasing to ensure they are free from unwanted pests.
• Remove invasive plants and animals on your property.
Don’t buy a pest.• Do not import, plant, sell, or move invasive plants
and animals in, around, or off island.• Report locations where invasive species are
growing or for sale.• Use non-invasive and native plants in your
landscape.Keep pets contained.• Do not release pets into the wild – keep parrots and
rabbits caged.• Don’t dump aquarium pets or plants.• Turn in unwanted aquarium pets or plants to a pet
store.
What can we do?
What can we do?Protect Hawai‘i.• Clean your hiking boots, equipment and vehicles
before you go into a native area and after hikes in infested areas.
Spread the word.• Share what you learn with your friends and
neighbors.
THANKS!THANKS!Elizabeth Speith, USGS-Pacific Basin Information Elizabeth Speith, USGS-Pacific Basin Information
Node, [email protected], 984-3716Node, [email protected], 984-3716
Lissa Fox, Maui Invasive Species Committee, 573-Lissa Fox, Maui Invasive Species Committee, 573-MISCMISC
Spread the Word, Not the Weed