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First Principles for Data Semantics Standards
Frank FaranceDan GillmanUS Experts
WG2 N1337
2009-11-13
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Terminology Theory
• Object– Anything perceivable of conceivable
• Property– Determinant (of an object)– Differentiate objects– Result of a determination
• Characteristic– Determinable (capable of being determined)
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Terminology Theory
• Concept– Unit of thought differentiated by characteristics
• Property and Characteristic– Concepts in roles
• Characteristic– Concept – feature common to set of objects
• Property– Concept – how the feature is determined
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Terminology Theory
• Definitions• Intensional – based on superordinate concept and
differentiating characteristics• Extensional – based on a set of subordinate concepts
• Set of determinants for a determinable• Extensional definition of a characteristic
• Follows ISO 704:2000• Extension of concept
– Set of corresponding objects
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Terminology Example
• Concept – people living in the UK• Characteristic – eye color• Properties – brown, hazel, green, blue, grey• Definition
– Intensional – Humans living in the UK– Extensional – UK Children, UK Adults
• Designation = association of a concept with a signifier which denotes it
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Data
• Datum = the designation of a value, where a value is a concept with a notion of equality defined
• Additional semantics– Concept whose extension is set of objects– Allowed values– Concept the allowed values define extensionally– Set of allowed values = paritition of extension
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Data
• Follows ISO/IEC 11179-3:2003• Described in draft ISO/IEC 11179-4 Ed3• Object Class = Concept – people in the UK• Characteristic = Characteristic – eye color• Property = Value meaning – brown, hazel, etc• Each is a concept• Concepts convey semantics
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Data Example
• Object Class = adults in the UK• Characteristic = marital status• Value meanings = {single, married, etc}• Datatype = state
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Data and Metadata
• Framework describes data• Any data used to describe some object =
metadata• Therefore, metadata are data• Description of metadata is terminological
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Datatype
• Follows ISO/IEC 11404:2007• Datatype = computational description of data
– Value space– Assertions– Characterizing operations
• Metadata has a datatype, since metadata are data
• Then, metadata have computational description
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Attributes
• Purpose – semantics for descriptors• Follows FDIS ISO/IEC 19773• IKV tuples• I (Identifier) – name of characteristic of
concept• K (Kind) – datatype• V (Value) – selected value in value space of
datatype
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Groupings
• More complex datatypes generated from simpler ones and a rule, called the generator– Again, follows ISO/IEC 11404:2007
• Sets of attributes can be built in the same way• Using the same generation rules• Groupings
– Arbitrary, user defined– Defined in advance
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Groupings Example
• Describe people– Attribute 1: sex, state, male– Attribute 2: marital status, state, married
• Grouping– Person { marital status, sex}
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Ontology
• Concept system = a set of concepts structured according the relations among them
• Ontology = a concept system with a computational description– Follows draft ISO/IEC 11179-4 Ed3
• Examples– Datatypes– UML models
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Services and Processes
• Operations on data (or metadata)• Part of computational description for data• In general, the steps in a service or process
contain semantics
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Conclusion
• Framework– Terminology– Metadata– Attributes– Generators
• Result– Self-describing version of any description
framework