![Page 1: “First they came for the Communists, but I was not a Communist so I did not speak out](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062400/568163cc550346895dd50db6/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
“First they came for the Communists, but I was not a Communist so I did not speak out.
Then they came for the Socialists and the Trade Unionists, but I was neither, so I did not speak out.
Then they came for the Jews, but I was not a Jew so I did not speak out.
And when they came for me, there was no one left to speak out for me.”
Pastor Martin Niemoller
![Page 2: “First they came for the Communists, but I was not a Communist so I did not speak out](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062400/568163cc550346895dd50db6/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
HOLOCAUSTTHE THREE STAGES OF NAZI PERSECUTION OF THE JEWS
![Page 3: “First they came for the Communists, but I was not a Communist so I did not speak out](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062400/568163cc550346895dd50db6/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Background
Anti-Semitism (words or actions that are anti-Jewish) goes back thousands of years to the times of the IsraelitesDuring the Middle Ages, Jews in Europe were restricted to certain sections of cities called ghettos
![Page 4: “First they came for the Communists, but I was not a Communist so I did not speak out](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062400/568163cc550346895dd50db6/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The Nazi government used anti-Semitic propaganda
Stage I: Anti-Semitic measures and laws
![Page 5: “First they came for the Communists, but I was not a Communist so I did not speak out](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062400/568163cc550346895dd50db6/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Propaganda minister Joseph Goebbels (above right) orchestrated these measures which also included book burnings by Jewish writers, boycotting Jewish stores, banning Jews from many professions
![Page 6: “First they came for the Communists, but I was not a Communist so I did not speak out](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062400/568163cc550346895dd50db6/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
1936 Olympics - Berlin - Jesse Owens
Boycotts
![Page 7: “First they came for the Communists, but I was not a Communist so I did not speak out](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062400/568163cc550346895dd50db6/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
The Nuremberg Laws were passed in 1936 which denied Jews any rights to German citizenship and forbade mixed marriages between Jews and Germans
![Page 8: “First they came for the Communists, but I was not a Communist so I did not speak out](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062400/568163cc550346895dd50db6/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Kristalnacht
In 1937, the Nazi storm troopers (SA) destroyed many Jewish shops and synagogues in an event called Kristalnacht (Night of the Broken Glass)
![Page 9: “First they came for the Communists, but I was not a Communist so I did not speak out](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062400/568163cc550346895dd50db6/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Stage II: Deportations
At the beginning of World War II, the Nazis developed a territorial solution by deporting Jews to Nazi occupied countries in Eastern Europe (mostly in Poland)
![Page 10: “First they came for the Communists, but I was not a Communist so I did not speak out](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062400/568163cc550346895dd50db6/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Jewish families were forced to live in ghettos such as the Warsaw Ghetto (above right)
![Page 11: “First they came for the Communists, but I was not a Communist so I did not speak out](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062400/568163cc550346895dd50db6/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: “First they came for the Communists, but I was not a Communist so I did not speak out](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062400/568163cc550346895dd50db6/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
The Babi Yar Massacre occurred where 30 000 Jews were killed in two days and buried in a ravine
![Page 13: “First they came for the Communists, but I was not a Communist so I did not speak out](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062400/568163cc550346895dd50db6/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Stage III: (The Final Solution)
SS officer Adolf Eichmann was in charge of the elimination of all European Jews
![Page 14: “First they came for the Communists, but I was not a Communist so I did not speak out](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062400/568163cc550346895dd50db6/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Executions (done by the Einzatsgruppen) began in experimental gas vans which used a cyanide gas called Zyklon B
![Page 15: “First they came for the Communists, but I was not a Communist so I did not speak out](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062400/568163cc550346895dd50db6/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Many concentration camps were converted to death camps such as Auschwitz (right), Treblinka, Belzec and others; most of these were in Poland
![Page 16: “First they came for the Communists, but I was not a Communist so I did not speak out](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062400/568163cc550346895dd50db6/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
European Jews were rounded up told they were being deported by train
The selection process
![Page 17: “First they came for the Communists, but I was not a Communist so I did not speak out](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062400/568163cc550346895dd50db6/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Their hair was cut and they were told to undress before they showered
The gas chambers (lower right) were disguised as showers
![Page 18: “First they came for the Communists, but I was not a Communist so I did not speak out](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062400/568163cc550346895dd50db6/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
The dead bodies would be transported to the crematoriums where they would beincinerated
![Page 19: “First they came for the Communists, but I was not a Communist so I did not speak out](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062400/568163cc550346895dd50db6/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Other images of Auschwitz
![Page 20: “First they came for the Communists, but I was not a Communist so I did not speak out](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062400/568163cc550346895dd50db6/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Jews were not the only victims; others included Poles, Gypsies and HomosexualsSome camps had doctors such as Josef Mengele (right) who did medical experiments, mostly on twins
![Page 21: “First they came for the Communists, but I was not a Communist so I did not speak out](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062400/568163cc550346895dd50db6/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
There were some sympathizers who helped Jewish families such as Oskar Schindler (top) and Raoul Wallenberg (bottom), Wallenberg helped 700 Hungarian Jews emigrate to Sweden
![Page 22: “First they came for the Communists, but I was not a Communist so I did not speak out](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062400/568163cc550346895dd50db6/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Towards the end of the war in 1945, the Soviet Red Army liberated the death camps and found a small number of survivors such as Simon Wiesenthal (right)
![Page 23: “First they came for the Communists, but I was not a Communist so I did not speak out](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062400/568163cc550346895dd50db6/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Following the war, dozens of Nazi officials were prosecuted for war crimes and crimes against humanity in the Nuremberg Trials
Images: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum