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FMD OUTBREAK: A Practical Example of Adressing Gaps in Control Strategy
Dr Gaolathe ThobokweBotswana Vaccine Institute
![Page 2: FMD OUTBREAK: A Practical Example of Adressing Gaps in Control Strategy](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/5681654c550346895dd7c548/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
HISTORY OF FMD IN BOTSWANA(1963 to 2011)
Year(s) 63 64 65 66 67 68 69-76 77 78 79 80
SAT virus type 3 3 3 3 Nil 1 Nil 1,2 1,2 1,2 2
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3
Laboratory Module
![Page 4: FMD OUTBREAK: A Practical Example of Adressing Gaps in Control Strategy](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/5681654c550346895dd7c548/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
Strategies for disease control
• Vaccination
• Public education
• Movement control/restriction (fences)
• Separation between the reservoir animal and livestock• Eradication/stamping out
![Page 5: FMD OUTBREAK: A Practical Example of Adressing Gaps in Control Strategy](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/5681654c550346895dd7c548/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Botswana Veterinary Disease Control zones (Draft 03/07)
The Ve te rina r y E pide m iology and E co nomics Se ctionDepa rt m ent of Anim al H ea lth and Pr oduc tionPriv a te B ag 003 2Gabor oneBotsw a na
Tele p hone : + 2 67 3 9 506 3 5Fax: + 2 67 3 1 81 38 3E-m a il: DA HP@ gov .bwBots w a na Foot and Mo uth Dis ea s e C ontrol Zo ne s.a p r
Africa nat ional administrat ive boundaries
Ve terinary d isease control zones
Stockfree (fmd f ree zone)
Fmd buffa lo area
Fmd vaccination zone
Fmd free zone
FMD Buffa lo area(Live-stock area)
Legend
Delta
Disease contro l fences
(a) Buf falo areas (b) BMC abbato irs(c) FMD vaccination zones(d) FMD free zones
(e Stockfree zones
Key to D isease C ontro l Zones
1 (part ), 3a, 1614, 15, 181, 2 (a, b, c) 3b,4a,73c,4b,5 ,6,8,9,10, 11, 12, 134a (part), 11 (part), 12(part), 13 (part ) & 17
%
%
%
%%
%
%
% %
%%
%
%
% %
% %
%%
%
%
12
1311
1
4a
7
10
6
8
5
16
9
3b
3a
4b
3c
17
3cNami
bia
ZambiaAngola
Republic ofSouth Africa
Republic ofSouth Africa
2a2b
2c
Ghants i
Hukunts i
Maun
Shakawe
Molepolole
Mahalapye
Kasane
Kanye
Serowe
Jwaneng
Palapye
Mochudi
Gaborone
Lobatse
Selebi-Phikwe
Tsabong
MAUN NATA
TUTUME
FRANCISTOW N
ORAPA TONOTA
GHANZI
SELEBI-PH IKWEBOBONONG
SEROWE
PALAPYE
MAHALAPYE
KANG
MOLEPOLOLEMOCHUDI
JWANENG GABORONERAMOTSWA
KANYE
LOBAT SE
TSHABONG
15(BMC MAUN)
18(BMC FRANCISTOWN)
14(BMC LO BATSE)
Makalamabedi
Orapa
Makoba
Daokoma
Dibete
Makoro
Dukwi
Sefhophe
Kuke
Maitengwe
Phuduhudu
Mmatshumo
Odiakwe
Sese
Mmaphoko
Kgomokgwana
N
EW
S
100 0 100 200 Kilometers
Quarantine camps
20
20
22
22
24
24
26
26
28
28
-26 -26
-24 -24
-22 -22
-20 -20
-18 -18
H:\S_ Phikwe F MDo ut br eak sGr ap hics \Vet er rin ary Dise ase Co nt rol Zo ne s Re vise d
Stockfree (fmd vaccinat ion zone)
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HISTORY OF FMD IN BOTSWANA(1963 to 2011)
Year(s) 63 64 65 66 67 68 69-76 77 78 79 80 02 03 05 06 07-2011
SAT virus type
3 3 3 3 Nil 1 Nil 1,2 1,2 1,2 2 2 1 2 1,2
2
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Botswana Veterinary Disease Control zones (Draft 03/07)
The Ve te rina r y E pide m iology and E co nomics Se ctionDepa rt m ent of Anim al H ea lth and Pr oduc tionPriv a te B ag 00 32Gabor oneBotsw a na
Tele p hone : + 2 67 39 506 3 5Fax: + 2 67 31 8 138 3E-m a il: DA HP@ gov .bwBots w a na Foot and Mo uth Dis ea s e C ontrol Zo ne s.a p r
Africa nat ional administrat ive boundaries
Veterinary d isease control zones
Stockf ree (fmd free zone)
Fmd buffa lo area
Fmd vaccination zone
Fmd free zone
FMD Buffa lo area(Live-stock area)
Legend
Delta
Disease contro l fences
(a) Buf falo areas (b) BMC abbato irs(c) FMD vaccination zones(d) FMD free zones
(e Stockfree zones
Key to D isease C ontro l Zones
1 (part ), 3a, 1614, 15, 181, 2 (a, b, c) 3b,4a,73c,4b,5 ,6,8,9,10, 11, 12 , 134a (part), 11 (part), 12(part), 13 (part ) & 17
%
%
%
%%
%
%
% %
%%
%
%
% %
% %
%%
%
%
12
1311
1
4a
7
10
6
8
5
16
9
3b
3a
4b
3c
17
3cNami
bia
ZambiaAngola
Republic ofSouth Africa
Republic ofSouth Africa
2a2b
2c
Ghants i
Hukunts i
Maun
Shakawe
Molepolole
Mahalapye
Kasane
Kanye
Serowe
Jwaneng
Palapye
Moc hudi
Gaborone
Lobatse
Selebi-Phikwe
Tsabong
MAUN NATA
TUTUME
FRANCISTOW N
ORAPA TONOTA
GHANZI
SELEBI-PH IKWEBOBONONG
SEROWE
PALAPYE
MAHALAPYE
KANG
MOLEPOLOLEMOCHUDI
JWANENG GABORONERAMOTSWA
KANYE
LOBAT SE
TSHABONG
15(BMC MAUN)
18(BMC FRANCISTOWN)
14(BMC LO BATSE)
Makalamabedi
Orapa
Makoba
Daokoma
Dibete
Makoro
Dukwi
Sefhophe
Kuke
Maitengwe
Phuduhudu
Mmatshumo
Odiakwe
Sese
Mmaphoko
Kgomokgwana
N
EW
S
100 0 100 200 Kilometers
Quarantine cam ps
20
20
22
22
24
24
26
26
28
28
-26 -26
-24 -24
-22 -22
-20 -20
-18 -18
H:\S_ Phikwe F MDo ut br eak sGr ap hics \Vet er rin ary Dise ase Co nt rol Zo ne s Re vise d
Stockfree(fmd vaccinat ion zone)
SAT 2, 2006, 2011
SAT 2, 2002, 2011
SAT 2, 2005, 2008, 2010, SAT 1, 2006SAT 2, 2008
SAT 2 2007-2011
SAT 2, 2008
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Xwee
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Nxweree
Habu
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Moruleng East
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PetekeMoporota
Kgomotshwana II
Kgomotshwana IBogare
Mapeno
Nakalatswee
SemboyoKatoo SegopoloMapute II
MmamotaungSetataMapute I
Mokolwane
MailaNaone IINaone I
MolatswanaKaberekela
Kaibara
Kangoa
Xunxa II
Xhabaxhwa XhatsitsoRekgonne
Mosu Xharaxhe SubXharaxhe Modisaemang (Phatane I)
Ndjavera
BoiteketsoGopolamodimo
Dzautsha
MaselanyaneMatseke
Semolo
Thapolathari Koronjisa
NgunikaoBobaathogo
Kgetsiyatsie
Sulabompe IISulabompe I
Shedongo
Manale
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Machaba II
BojosiMachaba IDimboSetsau
Thololamoro IThololamoro II
Legothwana ILegothwana II
Mogapelwa
TotengManganaSethebeMoumo
MmakgokongSedibana
Makgwelekgwele EastMakgwelekgwele West
Sehitwa
Nokaneng
21.262888
21.262888
22.201462
22.201462
23.140036
23.140036
24.078610
24.078610
-20.9
2478
8
-20.9
2478
8
-20.3
9095
2
-20.3
9095
2
-19.8
5711
6
-19.8
5711
6
-19.3
2328
0
-19.3
2328
0
-18.7
8944
4
-18.7
8944
4
.
Department of Ani mal Health and ProductionVeterinary Epidemiology and Economics SectionPrivate bag 0032Gaborone Botswana.Telephone: (+267) 3950635Fax: (+267) 3903744E-mail: [email protected]
Foot and Mouth Disease Infected Zone06-2008
30 0 30 6015 Kilometers
Gh anz i
Ma un
Nat a
Tsa bo ng
Huk un tsi
Mo lep olo le
Shaka we
Ma hal apy e
Let lha kan e
Kas an e
Kan ye
Ser ow e
Fra nci sto wn
Jwa ne ng
Pal apy e
Sel ebi -Ph ikw e
Mo chu di
Lob ats e
Ga bor one
VETERINARY DISTRICTS
Legend
!C Habu FMD Distruction Pits
k Foot and Mouth Clinical Cases
# Crushpens
% Villages
Disease control fences
Major roads
DeltaBuffers in KM
BUFFERDIS10
20
30
Maun District
![Page 9: FMD OUTBREAK: A Practical Example of Adressing Gaps in Control Strategy](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/5681654c550346895dd7c548/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
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MATLAPANA
SEHITHWA
BODIBENG
SHOROBE
ETSHA
GUMARE
HABU
NOKANENG
TSAU
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Gumare
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Makalamabedi
Konde
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Thamachaa
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Bodibeng
Chanoga
Etsha
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Komana
Semboyo
Seronga
Shorobe
Toteng
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Xwee
Boajankwe I
Nxweree
Habu
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Moruleng East
Matsiara
Kaure
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PetekeMoporota
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Mokolwane
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MolatswanaKaberekela
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Dzautsha
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Manale
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BojosiMachaba IDimboSetsau
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Mogapelwa
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MmakgokongSedibana
Makgwelekgwele EastMakgwelekgwele West
Sehitwa
Nokaneng
21.262888
21.262888
22.201462
22.201462
23.140036
23.140036
24.078610
24.078610
-20.9
2478
8
-20.9
2478
8
-20.3
9095
2
-20.3
9095
2
-19.8
5711
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-19.8
5711
6
-19.3
2328
0
-19.3
2328
0
-18.7
8944
4
-18.7
8944
4
.
Department of Ani mal Health and ProductionVeterinary Epidemiology and Economics SectionPrivate bag 0032Gaborone Botswana.Telephone: (+267) 3950635Fax: (+267) 3903744E-mail: [email protected]
Foot and Mouth Disease Infected Zone06-2008
30 0 30 6015 Kilometers
Gh anz i
Ma un
Nat a
Tsa bo ng
Huk un tsi
Mo lep olo le
Shaka we
Ma hal apy e
Let lha kan e
Kas an e
Kan ye
Ser ow e
Fra nci sto wn
Jwa ne ng
Pal apy e
Sel ebi -Ph ikw e
Mo chu di
Lob ats e
Ga bor one
VETERINARY DISTRICTS
Legend
!C Habu FMD Distruction Pits
k Foot and Mouth Clinical Cases
# Crushpens
% Villages
Disease control fences
Major roads
DeltaBuffers in KM
BUFFERDIS10
20
30
Maun District
![Page 10: FMD OUTBREAK: A Practical Example of Adressing Gaps in Control Strategy](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/5681654c550346895dd7c548/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
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KARENG
QANGWA
SEMBOYO
SEPOPA
TOTENG
TSAU
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HAINA WEST
KOMANA
MATLAPANA
SEHITHWA
BODIBENG
SHOROBE
ETSHA
GUMARE
HABU
NOKANENG
TSAU
Sehitwa
Sepopa
Tsau
Qangwa
Gumare
Nokaneng
Makalamabedi
Konde
Moporota
Kgomokgwana
Thamachaa
Habu
Nxauxau
Bodibeng
Chanoga
Etsha
Kareng
Komana
Semboyo
Seronga
Shorobe
Toteng
Chiegi-KarunganaChelete
Khubuga
Xadimoxao
Xwee
Boajankwe I
Nxweree
Habu
Kakanaga
Nxame
Khubu-KhubugaZenibe
KamoteTselojamotswanaMoselewapula
Moruleng East
Matsiara
Kaure
Masamo
Senaxomo
PetekeMoporota
Kgomotshwana II
Kgomotshwana IBogare
Mapeno
Nakalatswee
SemboyoKatoo SegopoloMapute II
MmamotaungSetataMapute I
Mokolwane
MailaNaone IINaone I
MolatswanaKaberekela
Kaibara
Kangoa
Xunxa II
Xhabaxhwa XhatsitsoRekgonne
Mosu Xharaxhe SubXharaxhe Modisaemang (Phatane I)
Ndjavera
BoiteketsoGopolamodimo
Dzautsha
MaselanyaneMatseke
Semolo
Thapolathari Koronjisa
NgunikaoBobaathogo
Kgetsiyatsie
Sulabompe IISulabompe I
Shedongo
Manale
BothatogoPhatane IIRoinyana
Machaba II
BojosiMachaba IDimboSetsau
Thololamoro IThololamoro II
Legothwana ILegothwana II
Mogapelwa
TotengManganaSethebeMoumo
MmakgokongSedibana
Makgwelekgwele EastMakgwelekgwele West
Sehitwa
Nokaneng
21.262888
21.262888
22.201462
22.201462
23.140036
23.140036
24.078610
24.078610
-20.9
2478
8
-20.9
2478
8
-20.3
9095
2
-20.3
9095
2
-19.8
5711
6
-19.8
5711
6
-19.3
2328
0
-19.3
2328
0
-18.7
8944
4
-18.7
8944
4
.
Department of Ani mal Health and ProductionVeterinary Epidemiology and Economics SectionPrivate bag 0032Gaborone Botswana.Telephone: (+267) 3950635Fax: (+267) 3903744E-mail: [email protected]
Foot and Mouth Disease Infected Zone06-2008
30 0 30 6015 Kilometers
Gh anz i
Ma un
Nat a
Tsa bo ng
Huk un tsi
Mo lep olo le
Shaka we
Ma hal apy e
Let lha kan e
Kas an e
Kan ye
Ser ow e
Fra nci sto wn
Jwa ne ng
Pal apy e
Sel ebi -Ph ikw e
Mo chu di
Lob ats e
Ga bor one
VETERINARY DISTRICTS
Legend
!C Habu FMD Distruction Pits
k Foot and Mouth Clinical Cases
# Crushpens
% Villages
Disease control fences
Major roads
DeltaBuffers in KM
BUFFERDIS10
20
30
Maun District
INFECTED ZONE
3,849 CASES
![Page 11: FMD OUTBREAK: A Practical Example of Adressing Gaps in Control Strategy](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/5681654c550346895dd7c548/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
#
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!C
2d
2c
KARENG
QANGWA
SEMBOYO
SEPOPA
TOTENG
TSAU
NXAUNXAU
NOKANENG
HAINA WEST
KOMANA
MATLAPANA
SEHITHWA
BODIBENG
SHOROBE
ETSHA
GUMARE
HABU
NOKANENG
TSAU
Sehitwa
Sepopa
Tsau
Qangwa
Gumare
Nokaneng
Makalamabedi
Konde
Moporota
Kgomokgwana
Thamachaa
Habu
Nxauxau
Bodibeng
Chanoga
Etsha
Kareng
Komana
Semboyo
Seronga
Shorobe
Toteng
Chiegi-KarunganaChelete
Khubuga
Xadimoxao
Xwee
Boajankwe I
Nxweree
Habu
Kakanaga
Nxame
Khubu-KhubugaZenibe
KamoteTselojamotswanaMoselewapula
Moruleng East
Matsiara
Kaure
Masamo
Senaxomo
PetekeMoporota
Kgomotshwana II
Kgomotshwana IBogare
Mapeno
Nakalatswee
SemboyoKatoo SegopoloMapute II
MmamotaungSetataMapute I
Mokolwane
MailaNaone IINaone I
MolatswanaKaberekela
Kaibara
Kangoa
Xunxa II
Xhabaxhwa XhatsitsoRekgonne
Mosu Xharaxhe SubXharaxhe Modisaemang (Phatane I)
Ndjavera
BoiteketsoGopolamodimo
Dzautsha
MaselanyaneMatseke
Semolo
Thapolathari Koronjisa
NgunikaoBobaathogo
Kgetsiyatsie
Sulabompe IISulabompe I
Shedongo
Manale
BothatogoPhatane IIRoinyana
Machaba II
BojosiMachaba IDimboSetsau
Thololamoro IThololamoro II
Legothwana ILegothwana II
Mogapelwa
TotengManganaSethebeMoumo
MmakgokongSedibana
Makgwelekgwele EastMakgwelekgwele West
Sehitwa
Nokaneng
21.262888
21.262888
22.201462
22.201462
23.140036
23.140036
24.078610
24.078610
-20.9
2478
8
-20.9
2478
8
-20.3
9095
2
-20.3
9095
2
-19.8
5711
6
-19.8
5711
6
-19.3
2328
0
-19.3
2328
0
-18.7
8944
4
-18.7
8944
4
.
Department of Ani mal Health and ProductionVeterinary Epidemiology and Economics SectionPrivate bag 0032Gaborone Botswana.Telephone: (+267) 3950635Fax: (+267) 3903744E-mail: [email protected]
Foot and Mouth Disease Infected Zone06-2008
30 0 30 6015 Kilometers
Gh anz i
Ma un
Nat a
Tsa bo ng
Huk un tsi
Mo lep olo le
Shaka we
Ma hal apy e
Let lha kan e
Kas an e
Kan ye
Ser ow e
Fra nci sto wn
Jwa ne ng
Pal apy e
Sel ebi -Ph ikw e
Mo chu di
Lob ats e
Ga bor one
VETERINARY DISTRICTS
Legend
!C Habu FMD Distruction Pits
k Foot and Mouth Clinical Cases
# Crushpens
% Villages
Disease control fences
Major roads
DeltaBuffers in KM
BUFFERDIS10
20
30
Maun District
3 8 4 9 CASES
62% Unvaccinated 38% vaccinated
![Page 12: FMD OUTBREAK: A Practical Example of Adressing Gaps in Control Strategy](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/5681654c550346895dd7c548/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
1st Questions
• Coverage- How much of target population reached- Consistency of vaccination programmes
• Handling and storage- Cold chain maintanance transport and storage- Cold chain maintanance at field or during vaccinations
![Page 13: FMD OUTBREAK: A Practical Example of Adressing Gaps in Control Strategy](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/5681654c550346895dd7c548/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
5th 7th 9th11th
13th15th
17th19th
21 st23rd
25th27th
29th31st
02st0
5
10
15
20
25
30
No VSL Adults
VSL Adults
No VSL Calves
VSL calves
Total Cases
![Page 14: FMD OUTBREAK: A Practical Example of Adressing Gaps in Control Strategy](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/5681654c550346895dd7c548/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Sept 07 April 08 Sept 08 March 09
-40%
-30%
-20%
-10%
0%
10%
20%
30%
Based on HV Based on Exp
Ngamiland district vaccination coverages
![Page 15: FMD OUTBREAK: A Practical Example of Adressing Gaps in Control Strategy](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/5681654c550346895dd7c548/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Initial PVM Results
SAT 1 SAT 2 SAT 30%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Positives>1.65 total> 2.0 total
![Page 16: FMD OUTBREAK: A Practical Example of Adressing Gaps in Control Strategy](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/5681654c550346895dd7c548/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
PVM• WHY? To evaluate vaccination “Program” with the view to
learn and improve on the whole program- Did vaccination achieve objectives and make an impact in FMD
control
• Program – run by people, using resources in a given context requiring quality vaccines handled and administered properly- if properly done will take consideration of all of these factors- review documents, interview people, observations, data on cold chains, coverage etc and serum testing
• Is there any value in doing VM Post?? – probably better started during the actual vaccination campaign
• main gap in SADC is lack of independent vaccine quality assurance body
![Page 17: FMD OUTBREAK: A Practical Example of Adressing Gaps in Control Strategy](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/5681654c550346895dd7c548/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Initial PVM Results
SAT 1 SAT 2 SAT 30%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Positives>1.65 total> 2.0 total
![Page 18: FMD OUTBREAK: A Practical Example of Adressing Gaps in Control Strategy](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/5681654c550346895dd7c548/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Follow up PVM Sat 2
BNVL BVI PB0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
SAT 2% Positives D14SAT 2% Positives D28
![Page 19: FMD OUTBREAK: A Practical Example of Adressing Gaps in Control Strategy](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/5681654c550346895dd7c548/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
%Protection over time
D0 D14 D28 D42 D58 D80 D92 D1200
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Sat 1Sat 2Sat 3
![Page 20: FMD OUTBREAK: A Practical Example of Adressing Gaps in Control Strategy](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/5681654c550346895dd7c548/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Antibody titres progression
D0 D14 D28 D42 D58 D80 D92 D1200.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
Sat 1Sat 2Sat 3
![Page 21: FMD OUTBREAK: A Practical Example of Adressing Gaps in Control Strategy](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/5681654c550346895dd7c548/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Antibody titre progression in juveniles and calves
D0 D14 D28 D42 D58 D80 D92 D1200
20
40
60
80
100
120
Sat1Sat 2Sat3
![Page 22: FMD OUTBREAK: A Practical Example of Adressing Gaps in Control Strategy](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/5681654c550346895dd7c548/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
OTHER PVM RESULTS
Malawi and Namibia
![Page 23: FMD OUTBREAK: A Practical Example of Adressing Gaps in Control Strategy](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/5681654c550346895dd7c548/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Antibody titers progression
0 14 28 42 560.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
SAT 1 SAT 2 SAT 3
Days Post Vac
Ant
ibod
y tit
er L
og
boos
ter
![Page 24: FMD OUTBREAK: A Practical Example of Adressing Gaps in Control Strategy](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/5681654c550346895dd7c548/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
RECOMMENDATIONS
• Increase frequency of vaccination from every 6 months to every 4 months
• Increase PD50 3 to 6• And others
![Page 25: FMD OUTBREAK: A Practical Example of Adressing Gaps in Control Strategy](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/5681654c550346895dd7c548/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
#
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"
"!C
!C
2d
2c
KARENG
QANGWA
SEMBOYO
SEPOPA
TOTENG
TSAU
NXAUNXAU
NOKANENG
HAINA WEST
KOMANA
MATLAPANA
SEHITHWA
BODIBENG
SHOROBE
ETSHA
GUMARE
HABU
NOKANENG
TSAU
Sehitwa
Sepopa
Tsau
Qangwa
Gumare
Nokaneng
Makalamabedi
Konde
Moporota
Kgomokgwana
Thamachaa
Habu
Nxauxau
Bodibeng
Chanoga
Etsha
Kareng
Komana
Semboyo
Seronga
Shorobe
Toteng
Chiegi-KarunganaChelete
Khubuga
Xadimoxao
Xwee
Boajankwe I
Nxweree
Habu
Kakanaga
Nxame
Khubu-KhubugaZenibe
KamoteTselojamotswanaMoselewapula
Moruleng East
Matsiara
Kaure
Masamo
Senaxomo
PetekeMoporota
Kgomotshwana II
Kgomotshwana IBogare
Mapeno
Nakalatswee
SemboyoKatoo SegopoloMapute II
MmamotaungSetataMapute I
Mokolwane
MailaNaone IINaone I
MolatswanaKaberekela
Kaibara
Kangoa
Xunxa II
Xhabaxhwa XhatsitsoRekgonne
Mosu Xharaxhe SubXharaxhe Modisaemang (Phatane I)
Ndjavera
BoiteketsoGopolamodimo
Dzautsha
MaselanyaneMatseke
Semolo
Thapolathari Koronjisa
NgunikaoBobaathogo
Kgetsiyatsie
Sulabompe IISulabompe I
Shedongo
Manale
BothatogoPhatane IIRoinyana
Machaba II
BojosiMachaba IDimboSetsau
Thololamoro IThololamoro II
Legothwana ILegothwana II
Mogapelwa
TotengManganaSethebeMoumo
MmakgokongSedibana
Makgwelekgwele EastMakgwelekgwele West
Sehitwa
Nokaneng
21.262888
21.262888
22.201462
22.201462
23.140036
23.140036
24.078610
24.078610
-20.9
2478
8
-20.9
2478
8
-20.3
9095
2
-20.3
9095
2
-19.8
5711
6
-19.8
5711
6
-19.3
2328
0
-19.3
2328
0
-18.7
8944
4
-18.7
8944
4
.
Department of Ani mal Health and ProductionVeterinary Epidemiology and Economics SectionPrivate bag 0032Gaborone Botswana.Telephone: (+267) 3950635Fax: (+267) 3903744E-mail: [email protected]
Foot and Mouth Disease Infected Zone06-2008
30 0 30 6015 Kilometers
Gh anz i
Ma un
Nat a
Tsa bo ng
Huk un tsi
Mo lep olo le
Shaka we
Ma hal apy e
Let lha kan e
Kas an e
Kan ye
Ser ow e
Fra nci sto wn
Jwa ne ng
Pal apy e
Sel ebi -Ph ikw e
Mo chu di
Lob ats e
Ga bor one
VETERINARY DISTRICTS
Legend
!C Habu FMD Distruction Pits
k Foot and Mouth Clinical Cases
# Crushpens
% Villages
Disease control fences
Major roads
DeltaBuffers in KM
BUFFERDIS10
20
30
Maun District
![Page 26: FMD OUTBREAK: A Practical Example of Adressing Gaps in Control Strategy](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/5681654c550346895dd7c548/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
2nd Questions
• Vaccine relevance- Is the vaccine matching???
![Page 27: FMD OUTBREAK: A Practical Example of Adressing Gaps in Control Strategy](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/5681654c550346895dd7c548/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Field strain
Suitable vaccine
strain
By the Manufacturer based on r1 value vaccine potency
VACCINE/FIELD STRAINS
& TIMELY DELIVERY
![Page 28: FMD OUTBREAK: A Practical Example of Adressing Gaps in Control Strategy](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/5681654c550346895dd7c548/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Relationship between r1 value and PD50
Field virus: A Iran 05
Vaccine strain: O
Vaccine A
Homologous (A Iran 05)=> r1 = 1
Endemic area: No need for more than 3 PD50. Protection!
Heterologous(Axy)=> r1 ?
Outbreak Vaccine strains
r1 > 0.3 => in endemic area, no need of more 3PD50. Protection!
r1 < 0.3 => unlikely protection
Emergency situation, 6PD50 + repeat dose => Protection/ADAPT
STOP: no protection at all
& TIMELY DELIVERYEpidemiologically Relevant Strains
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SAT2/NMB/1/2008 SAT2/NMB/4/2008 SAT2/NMB/3/2008 SAT2/NMB/2/2008 SAT2/NMB/1/2007 SAT2/NMB/4/2007 SAT2/ZAM/2/2007 SAT2/ZAM/1/2007 SAT2/ZAM/3/2007 SAT2/ZAM/8/2008 SAT2/BOT/14/2008 SAT2/BOT/15/2008
SAT2/BOT/24/2006 (buffalo) SAT2/ZAM/13/2009 SAT2/ZAM/14/2009 SAT2/ZAM/12/2009 SAT2/ZAM/16/2009
SAT2/BOT/3/2010 SAT2/BOT/4/2010 SAT2/BOT/2/2010 SAT2/BOT/5/2010
SAT2/BOT/1/2010 SAT2/BOT/6/2005 SAT2/BOT/8/2005 SAT2/BOT/3/2005 SAT2/BOT/1/2005 SAT2/BOT/2/2005 SAT2/BOT/4/2005 SAT2/BOT/5/2005 SAT2/BOT/7/2005
SAT2/BOT/P3/98 (buffalo 29) (AF367124) SAT2/BOT/P3/98 (buffalo 31) (AF367125)
SAT2/ZIM/10/2002 SAT2/ZIM/11/2002
SAT2/BOT 01.11 (BVI) SAT2/BOT 02.11 (BVI)
SAT2/BOT/2/2009 SAT2/BOT/3/2009 SAT2/BOT/4/2009
SAT2/BOT/6/2009 SAT2/BOT/8/2009 SAT2/BOT/7/2009 SAT2/BOT/5/2009
SAT2/BOT/3/2007 SAT2/BOT/5/2007 SAT2/BOT/2/2007 SAT2/BOT/6/2007 SAT2/BOT/7/2008 SAT2/BOT/11/2008 SAT2/BOT/16/2008 SAT2/BOT/18/2008 SAT2/BOT/9/2008 SAT2/BOT/10/2008 SAT2/BOT/6/2008 SAT2/BOT/8/2008
SAT2/RHO/1/48 (AJ251475) SAT2/RHO/1/48 (AY593847) SAT2/ZAM/9/93* (AF367116)(buffalo) SAT2/ZAM/10/93* (AF367117)(buffalo)
SAT2/ZAM/P2/96 (MUL-7) (AF367120)(buffalo) SAT2/ZAM/P2/96 (MUL-10) (AF367121)(buffalo)
Topotype III
Topotype IV
Topotype I
Topotype II
Topotype XI Topotype V
Topotype VI Topotype X
Topotype XII Topotype IX
Topotype VIII Topotype XIII
Topotype XIV Topotype VII
99
99
97
99
99
99
99
74
70
99
78
99
99
99
99
99
99
79
99
81
72
99
97
99
99
99
99
99
7496
86
74
99
99
98
99
7199
99
99
87
95
7579
0.05
Satau
Lesoma
Pandamatenga
Kareng Feb 2011
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Vaccine matching• R-values a bit strange – 0.06 to 0.37• New vaccine adopted – started being used Feb 2012• Took about 2 and half years• Challenges
- Initially low TCID50- Detection by uv peak- Transition from small bioreactors to Industrial production
More vaccine matching with other vaccine candidates
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Botswana Veterinary Disease Control zones (Draft 03/07)
The Ve te rina r y E pide m iology and E co nomics Se ctionDepa rt m ent of Anim al H ea lth and Pr oduc tionPriv a te B ag 00 32Gabor oneBotsw a na
Tele p hone : + 2 67 39 506 3 5Fax: + 2 67 31 8 138 3E-m a il: DA HP@ gov .bwBots w a na Foot and Mo uth Dis ea s e C ontrol Zo ne s.a p r
Africa nat ional administrat ive boundaries
Veterinary d isease control zones
Stockf ree (fmd free zone)
Fmd buffa lo area
Fmd vaccination zone
Fmd free zone
FMD Buffa lo area(Live-stock area)
Legend
Delta
Disease contro l fences
(a) Buf falo areas (b) BMC abbato irs(c) FMD vaccination zones(d) FMD free zones
(e Stockfree zones
Key to D isease C ontro l Zones
1 (part ), 3a, 1614, 15, 181, 2 (a, b, c) 3b,4a,73c,4b,5 ,6,8,9,10, 11, 12 , 134a (part), 11 (part), 12(part), 13 (part ) & 17
%
%
%
%%
%
%
% %
%%
%
%
% %
% %
%%
%
%
12
1311
1
4a
7
10
6
8
5
16
9
3b
3a
4b
3c
17
3cNami
bia
ZambiaAngola
Republic ofSouth Africa
Republic ofSouth Africa
2a2b
2c
Ghants i
Hukunts i
Maun
Shakawe
Molepolole
Mahalapye
Kasane
Kanye
Serowe
Jwaneng
Palapye
Moc hudi
Gaborone
Lobatse
Selebi-Phikwe
Tsabong
MAUN NATA
TUTUME
FRANCISTOW N
ORAPA TONOTA
GHANZI
SELEBI-PH IKWEBOBONONG
SEROWE
PALAPYE
MAHALAPYE
KANG
MOLEPOLOLEMOCHUDI
JWANENG GABORONERAMOTSWA
KANYE
LOBAT SE
TSHABONG
15(BMC MAUN)
18(BMC FRANCISTOWN)
14(BMC LO BATSE)
Makalamabedi
Orapa
Makoba
Daokoma
Dibete
Makoro
Dukwi
Sefhophe
Kuke
Maitengwe
Phuduhudu
Mmatshumo
Odiakwe
Sese
Mmaphoko
Kgomokgwana
N
EW
S
100 0 100 200 Kilometers
Quarantine cam ps
20
20
22
22
24
24
26
26
28
28
-26 -26
-24 -24
-22 -22
-20 -20
-18 -18
H:\S_ Phikwe F MDo ut br eak sGr ap hics \Vet er rin ary Dise ase Co nt rol Zo ne s Re vise d
Stockfree(fmd vaccinat ion zone)
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SADC FMD situation 2002 – 2011 (selected)
YEAR BOTSWANA MALAWI NAMIBIA ZAMBIA ZIMBABWE2002 SAT 2 SAT 22003 SAT 1 SAT 12004 SAT 1 2005 2006 SAT 2 and 1 2007 SAT 2 SAT 2 SAT 2 SAT 2 2008 SAT 2 SAT 2 SAT 2 SAT 2/1 2009 SAT 2 SAT 2 SAT 2
2010 SAT 2 SAT 2 SAT 1 O SAT 22011 SAT 2 SAT 2?
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Launched 04 Nov 11
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Lab Officialy opened 2nd December 2010Product launch 4th November 2011
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Project Drivers
• Technology update• Ergonomic design• Capacity increase• Antigen purification• Antigen bank• Quality improvements/HSE
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Vaccine Production
Conventional
Purified
Emergency
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DefinitionsConventional vaccines
- Vaccines produced from semi-purified inactivated antigens, with a potency greater than 3 PD50
Purified vaccines - Vaccines produced from highly purified inactivated antigens,
with potency greater than 3 PD50
Emergency vaccines - Vaccines produced from highly purified, concentrated and
frozen antigens, with a potency greater than 6 PD50
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NSPs AND “DIVA” VACCINE
• BVI Vaccines are compatible with a DIVA approach.
=> DIVA: - Previously: Differentiate Infected from
Vaccinated Animals. - Recently: Detection of Infection in Vaccinated
Animals• Several diagnostic tests to detect NSPs (2C, 3A,
3B,3AB, 3ABC, 3D)
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Purified vaccine Perfomane• Vaccine blended in December 2010 with antigens produced second
semester 2010 in the new building– Payload adjusted to guaranty 3PD50 target– Trivalent (SAT 1 2 3) vaccine with current vaccine strains used in Botswana
• Vaccination at BVI ranch– Primo vaccination at D0 booster at D28 and D150– Blood sampling at D0, D21, 28, 42, 63, 120, 191– Safety monitored by rectal temperature and clinical signs (local and
generalreactions)
• Serological testing– Virus neutralization test (VNT)– Non Structural Protein (NSP) testing with Prionics kit
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SAFETY MONITORING• Temperature monitoring:
- No significantdifference betweenvaccinated cattleand control
• Clinical signs:-No general and local reactions-No weight loss
Safety conform
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Potency
Potency results conforms
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What we want to achieve with vaccination
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Vaccine Application• Vaccination of susceptible livestock
– Vaccines must be administered according to the manufacturer’s instructions
• ALSA vaccines should be administered to calves with maternal immunity at 4-6 months of age
• Calves without maternal antibodies can be vaccinated at 2 weeks
• The primary vaccination course consists of 2 vaccinations 2-4 weeks apart
• Thereafter the vaccine should be administered every 4-6 months
• Should be given subcutaneously in the neck area
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HERD LEVEL IMMUNITY
• Vaccine take is expected after 7-10 days with expected protection level of 97% depending on PD50 ( 3 or 6)
• Cattle are normally considered protected from FMD where antibody titres exceed a certain cut off
• Thereafter antibody levels decline• Important that after vaccination at least 80% of
herd should have protective antibodies (D28 to 35)• Vaccination prevents disease expression but not
infection
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THANK YOU