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Footings & Foundations
FOUNDATIONS(WORKING DRAWING)
P.BY:
Ar. ANMOL GARG(Lecturer, Deptt. of Architectural Assistantship)
GOVT. POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE, BATHINDA
Cont.: 09914410599
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Footings & Foundations
INTRODUCTION TO FOUNDATIONS
Function of a foundation is to transfer
the structural loads from a buildingsafely into the ground.
A larger and heavier building ofmasonry, steel, or concrete would
require its foundations to go deeper
into earth such that the soil or the rockon which it is founded is competent to
carry its massive loads.
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Foundation Components
Footing
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Foundation Components
(to attach wood stud sill plate)
(to keep water off of foundation wall)
(separates slab from foundation wall)
(to keep water off of slab)
(to keep water off of slab & moisture barrier)(moves water away from building)
(moves water away
from building)
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Site Preparation
Remove trees and any debris
Remove top soil (4-6 below surface)
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Site Layout
Ensure lot lines are known & setbacks are complete
Layout building perimeter
Use batter boards
Establish building corners & building perimeter
Use surveying instruments
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Excavation
Excavate foundation along line created by batter boards
Excavate remainder of soil inside perimeter
Dont excavate inside soil if slab on grade
If deep foundation, taper edges to prevent collapse
If soil unstable, or very deep - use shoring
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Pour FootingsConstruct formwork (if required)
Install reinforcement (rebar) for footings(protrudes above footing to tie-into
foundation wall)
Pour concrete footingsSmooth / finish surface
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Rules of Thumb
Footing shall be below frost line
Footing width usually 2x height
Typical size (24wide x 12tall)
Rebar is usually 3from edge of concrete
Crawl spaces should have rigid insulation
along the interior face of the foundation wall
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TYPES OF FOUNDATION
Major Building Parts
Superstructure
Substructure
Foundation
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TYPES OF FOUNDATION
Two types foundations : Shallow and
Deep
Depends on whether the load transferis at
deeper depths or shallower depths
- Need for these two types (soil strength,
ground water conditions, foundation loads,construction methods and impact on
adjacent property)
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TYPES OF FOUNDATION
Shallow foundations (column footings
without or with tie/grade beams, individual
or combined wall footing, slab on grade,
raft)
- Deep foundations (caissons with or
without sockets, end bearing or friction
piles, pile groups), made of concrete(regular or site-cast) or steel or wood
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Shallow Foundations
Requirements
Suitable soil bearing capacity
Undisturbed soil or engineered fill
Basic types or configurations
Column footings
Wall or strip footings
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Combination Spread & Strip Footing
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Shallow Foundations
Stepped strip
footings
Grade Beams
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Shallow Foundations
Mat foundation
Floating (Mat)
foundation
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Deep Foundations - Purpose
Transfer building loads deep into the earth
Basic types
Drilled (& poured)
Driven
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Pile material
Steel; H- piles, Steel pipe
Concrete; Site cast or Precast
Wood; Timber
Composite
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Driven Piles
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Precast Concrete Plies
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P.BY:
Ar. ANMOL GARG(Lecturer, Deptt. of Architectural Assistantship)
GOVT. POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE, BATHINDA
Cont.: 09914410599