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For sophomores and juniors interested in medical school and undergraduate opportunities:
• A visit by Dr. Paul Catalana, Al Squire, and other guests from Greenville Hospital System University Medical Center.
• In RMSC 122 (The Pit) starting at 6:30pm, Tuesday Oct 30th.
• Presentation and discussion on the new medical school at Greenville and undergraduate opportunities through their MedEx program, including clinical experiences and preparation for medical school.
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Thursday, Oct 25 Friday, Oct 26 Saturday
Afternoon, Oct 27
Sunday, Oct 28in Acorn Cafe
9-11 am Biology Office Suite
with Sharon Guffy
1-2 pm Biology Office Suite
Miranda Stockman and Brooks Owens
by appointment with Polly Ketcham
10-10 with Sejal Naik12- 2 with Miranda Stockman
2-4 with Polly Ketcham4-6 with Brooks Owens6-8 with Becca Bryson
Abstract Reviewers Schedule
Abstract due MondayAt start of class.
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1QQ # 20 for 10:30Write each letter, and circle each correct response.
A person who trains to participate in the Tour de France would naturally acclimate bya) increasing the number of Type I myofibers b) increasing the density of capillaries in leg musclesc) synthesizing much more creatine than normald) Converting Type II glycolytic fibers to Type II oxidative/glycolytic fibers.e) Synthesizing more thick and thin myofilaments in Type II myofibers.
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1QQ # 20 for 11:30Write each letter, and circle each correct response.
A person who trains to compete in weightlifting would naturally acclimate bya) increasing the number of Type I myofibers b) increasing the density of capillaries in chest and arm musclesc) synthesizing much more thick and thin myofilaments in Type II myofibersd) Converting Type II glycolytic fibers to Type II oxidative/glycolytic fibers.e) Increasing the number of mitochondria in Type I myofibers of the chest and arm.
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S 15 But each motor unit has myofibers of the same type: I or IIA or IIB.
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Fig. 09.26Relationship between recruitment and motor unit type
S 17
Size of somatic motoneuron cell body
The Size Principle
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Increasing tension in a whole muscle
• Frequency of stimulation of motor neuron• Recruitment: activate more motor units• Activate larger motor units
• These factors also influence actual tension– Fiber length (length-tension) relationship– Fiber diameter– Level of fatigue (state of activity)
S 16
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Length-tension Relationship
So….. Tension produced by a single myofiber varies
depending on sarcomere length.
S 13
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Types of Contractions
Isometric =Same length
Isotonic =Same tension
S 6
Aka Lengthening contraction
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Consider blood flow to skeletal muscles during isometric contractions.Consider blood pressure during isometric contractions.
S 9
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Are there benefits of using trekking poles?
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Chapter 9 B Properties of Smooth Muscle
How does smooth muscle differ from skeletal muscle?(innervation, membrane potentials, excitation-contraction coupling, twitch duration, fatigue, etc. (Table 9-6 p.287)
What are the features of membrane potential of smooth muscle? (pacemakers and slow waves)
What are the differences between single-unit and multi-unit smooth muscle?(location, spread of excitation)
S 10
Who cares about smooth muscles?
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Two layers of smooth muscle in intestine
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Classifying smooth muscle• By location
– vascular– gastrointestinal – urinary – respiratory – reproductive– ocular
• By contraction pattern– Phasic: periodic contraction and relaxation
• Ex: esophagus and intestine
– Tonic: continuously contracting to some degree• Ex: esophageal and urinary sphincters, vascular
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Classifying smooth muscle continued.
• By communication with neighboring myofibers– Single-unit smooth muscle: gap junctions with
neighbors (function as a group)• Ex: intestines
– Multi-unit smooth muscle: no gap junctions (myofibers function independently)
• Ex: Iris and ciliary muscle of the eye
Interesting phenomenon: Uterine smooth muscle is multi-unit until just before labor and delivery when genes for gap junctions are expressed and the uterus become single-unit.
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Control by neurotransmitters, hormones, local factors for some smooth muscles (02, NO, pH, stretch, vasodilators ….)
S 13
Slow waves and pacemaker potentials
Often with pacemaker cells
Intestinal tract, uterus, small diameter blood vessels Large airways of lungs, large arteries, ciliary muscle
Comparison of Single-Unit and Multi-Unit Smooth Muscles
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Figure 9.34
Special situation: Dephosphorylation & latch bridge
from SR and influx during Action Potential or graded potential
Graded potentials result in graded
contractions
S 11
Slow twitch of SM due to slow action of myosin ATPase.
Lack troponin
Excitation-contraction coupling in Smooth Muscles
Ca++
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Latchbridge =latch state
S 12 Comparison of Twitch Duration
Thankful for latch state!Crucial for long-term tension of sphincters.
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Intercalated Discs: mechanical attachments of cardiac myofibers to each other, with gap junctions (electrical synapses) to conduct AP
Analogy: Falling dominoes
S 14 Cardiac Myofibers
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Plateau phase
S 15
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S 16
Why no tetanic contractions of cardiac muscle?
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Figure 12.17
Calcium-induced calcium release
Ca++ channels blockers:
•How and where do they work?
•When are they used?
Excitation-Contraction Coupling
What ends the twitch?
S 17
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Fig. 09.06Know this table p. 287S 18