Download - Foreign Policy After the Cold War
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Foreign Policy After the Cold War
Chapter 25, Section 4 Notes
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Objectives
Identify changes in the Communist world that ended the Cold War
Summarize US actions taken to influence Central American and Caribbean affairs
Describe the events leading to the Iran-Contra affair
Analyze US involvement in the Persian Gulf War
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Main Idea and Terms/Names
The end of the Cold War, marked by the break up of the Soviet Union in 1991, led to a redirection of many US goals and policies
Mikhail Gorbachev Glasnost Perestroika INF Treaty Sandinistas Contras Operation Desert
Storm
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The Cold War Ends
1985 – Mikhail Gorbachev became general secretary of Communist Party in the USSR
Marked new era in USSRReagan added pressure the already
weak Soviet economyDoubled defense spending
To keep up, Soviet economy was pushed to brink
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Gorbachev
Glasnost – allowed open criticism of Soviet government and freedom of the press
Perestroika—restructured Soviet economyLess control over economySome private enterpriseSteps towards democracy
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Gorbachev
Realized USSR needed better relations with USWould allow them to reduce
defense spendingINF Treaty
Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces
One site inspections of each other
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Soviet Union Declines
Gorbachev introduced democratic ideals14 non-Russian republics declared
independence in 1991Gorbachev resignedSoviet Union dissolved1992- Presidents Bush and Yeltsin
formally end Cold War
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Other Communist Regimes
East Germany – Gorbachev encouraged a move towards democ.Reagan – “Mr. Gorbachev tear
down this wall”1989- East Germany opened the
Berlin Wall1990-Two Germanies were united
Yugoslavia collapsed (ethnic rivalries turned into a brutal war)
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Central American/Caribbean Policy
Nicaragua Civil War between Somoza and
Sandinistas (rebels) Carter recognized Sandinistas and sent
aid (USSR/Cuba did too) Reagan cut off aid and supported Contras
CIA directed operations without Congress’s approval
Congress passed Boland Amendment (no aid to Contras)
1990 – free elections in Nicaragua
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Central American/Caribbean Policy
Grenada- US used force to overthrow the pro-Cuban govt.Replaced it with a US friendly gov.
Panama – US soldiers sent to overthrow Manuel Noriega for drug traffickingTaken to Miami for trial -- convicted
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Caribbean
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Iran Contra Scandal
1983 – Iranian terrorists took American hostages in Lebanon Reagan denounced Iran and asked its allies
not to send arms to Iran Reagan approved the sale of arms to Iran
Iran promised to release hostages Reagan sent profits of arms sales to Contras
in Nicaragua Lt. Col. Oliver North found guilty of violating US
policy
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Persian Gulf War
Iran and Iraq were at war – expensiveIn 1990, Iraqi troops invaded a
disputed area of Kuwait (for the oil)Then conquered Saudi Arabia
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Persian Gulf War
Pres. Bush organized an international coalition against Iraqi aggressionLaunched Operation Desert Storm to
liberate KuwaitMassive Air assaultThen a ground assault from Saudi ArabiaLed by “Stormin’”Norman Schwarzkopf
2 months later, Kuwait was liberated Iraqi soldiers and people suffered greatly
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Bush’s Domestic Policies
Rising deficitsRecession – 1990-1992
Bush was forced to raise taxes despite pledge (read my lips…)
Approval rating droppedDoomed for reelection