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Foreign Trade Regulation in India
Anupam Singh Gautam(10810012)U.Kistaiah (10810064)
Agenda
History of Foreign Trade in IndiaForeign Trade ActForeign Trade Policy 2009-14Incentives SchemesNew InitiativesOrganizational Setup
HISTORY OF FOREIGN TRADE IN INDIA
• Import control was introduced in 1940
• In 1946 the Emergency provisions ordinance was promulgated to continue the import trade control
• Import and Export(control) Act came into force with effect from 25th march 1947
• Finally the Import and Export(control) act was replaced by the Foreign Trade(Development and Regulation) Act in 1992.
FTDR Act
MAIN PROVISIONS:
1. Development and Regulation
2. Prohibition and Restriction
3. EXIM Policy
4. Director General of Foreign Trade
5. Importer - Exporter Code Number
6. Issue and Suspension/Cancellation of license
7. Search, Inspection and Seizure
8. Penalty for Contravention
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India’s Foreign Trade
In the last few years, robust growth in merchandise exports
From US$ 63 billion in 2003-04 to US $ 168 billion in 2008-09.
Share of global trade (WTO estimates):
2003 2008
Merchandise trade 0.83% 1.45%
Commercial Services 1.4% 2.8%
Goods & Services Trade
0.92% 1.64%
Source : Annual report of foreign trade policy
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India’s Foreign Trade Exports & Imports (Figures in US$ billion)
Year Export %Growth
Imports % Growth
2004-05 83.53 30.8 111.52 42.7
2005-06 103.09 23.4 149.17 33.8
2006-07 126.26 22.5 185.60 24.4
2007-08 162.90 29.0 251.65 27.0
2008-09 185.29 13.6 303.69 20.7
2009-10 178.75 -3.52 288.37 -5.01
Source: Ministry of commerce
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REASONS FOR EXPORT DECLINE
Major Hurdles faced by Indian Exporters:
Rupee Appreciation by about 12% in the year
2007-08 Global Economic Slowdown and Recession in
Developed Economies during 2008-09 and its impact.
High Interest Rates Ban on exports of certain food products
since 2007. High Incentives provided by some of the
countries like China, Bangladesh etc.
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India’s Foreign Trade Major Export Destinations
Country 2008-09($ bn) % share in Total
1 USA 19.7 12%
2 United Arab Emirates 17.8 11%
3 China 8.5 5%
4 Singapore 7.6 5%
5 Hong Kong 6.4 4%
6 United Kingdom 6.2 4%
7 Germany 5.9 4%
8 Netherlands 5.9 4%
9 Saudi Arabia 4.8 3%
10 Belgium 4.3 3%
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India’s Foreign Trade Major Import Commodities
Commodity 2008-09($ bn)
% share in Total
1 Petroleum, Crude and products 93.1 32.36%
2 Machinery, Electrical and non-electrical 24.3 8.44%
3 Electronic goods 21.5 7.48%
4 Gold and silver 19.5 6.76%
5 Fertilizer, crude and manufactured 13.6 4.72%
6 Pearls, precious and semi-precious 12.8 4.44%
7 Organic and inorganic chemicals 12.8 4.43%
8 Coal, coke and briquettes 10.5 3.64%
9 Iron & Steel 9.5 3.30%
10 Metaliferrous ores and metal scrap 8.3 2.89%
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Foreign Trade Policy 2009-14
Short Term Objectives: To arrest and reverse the declining trend of exports; and To provide additional support to those sectors which have
been hit badly by recession in the Developed World.
Medium term Policy Objectives : To achieve an Annual Export growth of 15% with an Annual
Export Target of US$ 200 billion by March 2011. To achieve an Annual Export growth of around 25% by
2014. To double India’s exports of goods and services by 2014.
Long Term Objective : To double India’s share in Global Trade by 2020.
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Promotional Measures/ Incentive Schemes
Vishesh Krishi and Gram Udyog Yojana (VKGUY)
Focus Market Scheme (FMS)Focus Product Scheme (FPS)Market Linked Focus Product Scheme
(MLFPS)
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Vishesh Krishi & Gram Udyog Yojana (VKGUY)
To promote exports of :(i) Agricultural Produce and their value added products(ii) Minor Forest Produce and their value added variants(iii) Gram Udyog Products(iv) Forest Based Products and(v) Other Products, as notified from time to time.
VKGUY benefits are granted with an aim to compensate high transport costs, and to offset other disadvantages.
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Focus Market Scheme
Objective is to offset high freight cost and other externalities to select international markets with a view to diversify the markets and to enhance India’s export competitiveness in these countries.
Currently 109 markets have been notified
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Focus Product Scheme
Objective is to incentivize export of such products which have high export intensity / employment potential, so as to offset infrastructure inefficiencies and other associated costs involved in marketing of these products.
Currently over 1000 Products covered under FPS.
Example: Green Technology products
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Market Linked Focus Product Scheme (MLFPS)
To promote exports of products of high export intensity but which have a low penetration in countries
Currently over 1550 products covered under MLFPS.
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Foreign Trade Policy – 2009-14New Initiatives
Higher Support for Market and Product Diversification
26 new markets added under FMS(16 in Latin America, 10 in Asia-Oceania)
Incentive under FMS raised from 2.5% to 3%.
Incentive under FPS raised from 1.25% to 2%.
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Foreign Trade Policy – 2009-14New Initiatives
Higher Support for Market and Product
Diversification (contd.)
New products under FPS :Engineering products, Plastic (value added products),Technical Textiles, Green Technology products , vegetables, textiles and certain Electronic items.
New products/markets under MLFPS : Pharmaceuticals, Synthetic textile fabrics, value added rubber products, value added plastic goods, textile made ups,, glass products, certain iron and steel products
. Benefits to these products will be provided, if exports are made to 13 identified markets (Algeria, Egypt, Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa, Tanzania, Brazil, Mexico, Ukraine, Vietnam, Cambodia, Australia and New Zealand).
The above markets also included for existing products i.e. Auto Components, Motor cars, Bicycles & Parts, Apparels.
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Foreign Trade Policy – 2009-14New Initiatives
To Support Various Sectors Like
Gems & Jewelers Sector Pharmaceutical Sector Agriculture Sector Leather Sector Handloom sector
ORGANISATIONAL SET UP
Ministry of commerce
Autonomous bodies
Public sector
undertakings
Advisory body
Attached and subordinate
Office
MINISTRY OF COMMERCE• The Ministry of Commerce, Government
of India, is the most important organ concerned with the promotion and regulation of the foreign trade of the country.
• Matters related to foreign trade are dealt with by eight divisions in the Department of Commerce.
• i) Administrative and General Division, (ii) Finance Division, (iii) Economic Division, (iv) Trade Policy Division, (v) Foreign Trade Territorial Division, (vi) Exports Products Division, (vii) Services Division, and (viii) Industries Division.
DESCRIPTION OF AUTONOMOUS BODIES
• Export Inspection Council
• Indian Institute of Foreign Trade
• Indian Institute of Packaging
• Export Promotion Councils, Commodity Boards and Authorities
• Federation of Indian Export Organisation
• Indian Council of Arbitration
• India Trade Promotion Organisation
PUBLIC SECTOR UNDERTAKINGS
• The State Trading Corporation of
India and its subsidiaries
• The spices Trading Corporation
• The Minerals and Metals Trading
Corporation of India and its
subsidiary
ADVISORY BODY
Central Advisory Council on Trade: The
Central Advisory Council on Trade, consisting of representatives from different organisations and individuals with business standing and expertise in the field of trade and commerce, and headed by Commerce minister.
ATTACHED AND SUBORDINATE OFFICES
• Office of the Director General of Foreign
Trade(DGFT)
• Office of Development Commissioners
• Director General of Commercial
Intelligence and Statistics
Thank You