Download - Forest ecology and biodiversity
Course Details:
• LTP: 1 0 0 [One lecture/ Week]
Textbook:• Ecology and Environment by P.D Sharma
Rastogi Publications, 11th Edition,(2014).• Botany in Forestry and Environment Ashok
Kumar Khanna Bhandhu Publishers, 1st Edition, (2001).
COURSE CONTENTS• Introduction: Concepts of ecology and biodiversity, Historical
development of ecology as a science. Concept of levels of biological organization.
• Ecosystem: Definition, Classification, Distribution. Trophic levels, food webs, ecological pyramids and energy flow.
• Forest environment: Abiotic components, Biotic components , Interactions, Nutrient cycling,
• Population ecology :Definition, Population dynamics , Carrying capacity • Community ecology: Species interaction, Ecological succession,
Terminology, Climax vegetation types, Methods to study effects of forest management on succession. Island Biogeography. Autecology of important tree species.
• Biodiversity and conservation :Definition, Distribution of diversity in life forms, Hotspots of biodiversity, Measurement of diversity and diversity indices. Principles of conservation biology, Ex situ and In situ methods of conservation, Biosphere concept. Conservation – efforts in India and worldwide.
What is Ecology?
The scientific study of interactions between different organisms and between organisms and their environment or surroundings
What is Biodiversity? The variability among living organisms from all sources including terrestrial, marine, and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are a part;
this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems.
Why Biodiversity is important?
Provides food, fodder, fruit, fuel, timber, medicine
1.Commercial value :
Oil, Fertilizers etc. extracted from species of plants and animals.
2.Biological value:
Pollination Soil formation Nutrient enrichment
-
3.Recreational Value:
Can not be measured in terms of money.
4. Aesthetic Value: Art, Poetry, Literature.
5.Scientific Value:
Gene Pool, Evolution, Human Welfare, etc,.
Value of a TreeA tree that lives for 50 years generates:
• Rs. 5.3 lakhs worth of oxygen
• Facilitates Rs. 6.4 lakhs worth of soil erosion control
• Creates Rs. 10.5 lakhs worth of air pollution control
• Provides Rs. 5.3 lakhs worth of shelter for birds and animals
• Recycles Rs. 6.4 lakhs worth of fertility
• Besides provide flower, fruits and timber
• When a tree is fell it is something worth more than Rs. 33. 9 lakhs.
….Value of a Tree
Threats to Biodiversity
1. Deforestation and overgrazing
2. Habitat destruction and fragmentation of the
area.
3. Poaching and hunting for flesh, fur, skin, horn, naiI and recreation.
4. Forest fires including smoking in the woods.
5. Over exploitation‑ of the resources.
9.Population pressure and unequal
distribution of the resources
10. Agricultural expansion
11.Spreading urbanization and establishment of industries.
12.Construction of hydro electric‑ power projects
13. Climatic changes like depletion of ozone, global warming, increased concentration of carbon dioxide, etc,
14. Mining activities and quarrying.
15. Lack of awareness.
Impact of Loss Of BiodiversityImpact of Loss Of Biodiversity
Global warming and climate change
Increased pollution
Soil erosion and loss of fertility
Decomposition rateby microbes is altered
Nutrient cycling is altered
Reduces gene pool - affects speciation
Food chain is altered
Alteration in HydrologicCycle
UNIT-1 Introduction:
UNIT-2 Ecosystem:
UNIT-3 Forest environment
Grassland Shola forest
UNIT-4 Population ecology
UNIT-5 Community ecology
UNIT-6 Biodiversity and conservation
The course outcome… Students will learn about basics of ecology and biodiversity. Students will acquaint about various biological processes in forest
ecosystem. Students will get knowledge about bio diversity and environment. Student will learn the concepts of ecological pyramids
Next ClassUnit I. Introduction to ecology and biodiversity
THANK YOU ALL